— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 3711.TW (TAI) · $vol 413M

ASX NYSE

ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd.
1W: -2.2% 1M: -9.9% 3M: +17.6% YTD: +136.8% 1Y: +211.4% 3Y: +441.7% 5Y: +584.7%
$42.06
+2.15 (+5.37%)
After Hours: $41.96 (-0.10, -0.24%)
Weekly Expected Move ±9.3%
$31 $35 $39 $42 $46
NYSE · Technology · Semiconductors · Tech Score Sell · Power 39 · $87.8B mcap · 1.63B float · 0.525% daily turnover · Short 41% of daily vol
Credit Risk of going bust: higher than 52% of companies Debt: 9.4% of company value Bonds: none of note held by US funds details ▾
If the stock fell to about $0.60 (down 99%), ASE Technology Holding Co., Ltd. would be worth roughly what it owes.
Total debt $9.11B against a stock market value of $87.75B.
Distance to default 4.96 (Merton model): prices to 2026-10-26, balance sheet 2026-06-30, debt counted $5.66B (short-term plus half of long-term), stock volatility 57.7%; Altman Z'' 1.29. A ranking and a back-test, not a forecast.
US fund filings (SEC N-PORT) show under $25M of this company's bonds, so there is no bond page. Its debt may be bank loans or privately placed. How these are computed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 4Hold: 0Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+
Oct 27, 2026
DCF
2
ROE
4
ROA
3
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. ASX receives an overall rating of C+. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5). Areas of concern: DCF (2/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-12 B- C+
2026-07-01 B B-
2026-04-30 B+ B
2026-04-30 B B+
2026-03-02 B- B
2026-01-03 B+ B-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
43
Balance Sheet
69
Earnings Quality
40
Growth
71
Value
—
Momentum
95
Safety
—
Cash Flow
35

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-3.40
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.10
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 65.0/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 5.40x
Accruals: -29.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. ASX scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. ASX's score of -3.40 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. ASX's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. ASX receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 65.0/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). ASX's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
46.80x
PEG
0.62x
P/S
4.03x
P/B
7.34x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$324.65
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 46.8x earnings, ASX is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $324.65 per share, suggesting a potential 713% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.799
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.921
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.116
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.778
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.689
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
17.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. ASX's ROE of 17.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.778), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
7.80%
Fair P/E
24.10x
Intrinsic Value
$653.48
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with ASX's realized 7.8% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. ASX trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $653.48, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 24.1x compares to the current market P/E of 46.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$42.08
Median 1Y
$54.11
5th Pctile
$26.42
95th Pctile
$110.76
Ann. Volatility
43.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
105,947
+10.9% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$6,124,971
Rev: $648,922,345,000
Profit / Employee
$385,859
NI: $40,880,656,000
SGA / Employee
$290,263
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$311,778
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 19.5% 26.6% 28.6% 29.5% 29.9% 22.3% 21.3% 17.4% 12.9% 10.6% 11.2% 10.9% 10.6% 10.6% 11.4% 11.3% 11.2% 12.1% 14.2% 17.9% 17.89%
ROA 7.0% 10.1% 10.5% 11.2% 11.3% 9.1% 8.1% 6.8% 5.2% 4.6% 4.7% 4.7% 4.5% 4.6% 4.7% 4.7% 4.5% 5.0% 5.4% 6.7% 6.65%
ROIC 10.8% 13.0% 14.9% 15.8% 15.2% 15.4% 15.1% 12.7% 9.0% 8.0% 8.1% 7.9% 7.2% 7.5% 7.8% 7.9% 7.0% 8.1% 9.7% 9.9% 9.92%
ROCE 12.5% 17.8% 19.7% 21.6% 22.0% 17.6% 17.5% 15.0% 11.9% 10.7% 10.6% 10.6% 9.9% 9.4% 9.8% 9.4% 8.7% 8.9% 9.9% 11.3% 11.31%
Gross Margin 19.7% 18.4% 19.0% 20.8% 19.6% 18.6% 13.9% 15.1% 15.3% 15.3% 14.7% 15.5% 15.7% 15.6% 15.8% 16.1% 17.1% 19.5% 20.1% 21.0% 21.01%
Operating Margin 12.4% 11.5% 11.4% 13.0% 12.7% 11.3% 6.1% 7.1% 7.6% 7.5% 5.6% 6.6% 7.3% 7.1% 6.5% 6.9% 7.8% 9.9% 10.1% 11.1% 11.06%
Net Margin 9.4% 17.9% 8.9% 10.0% 9.3% 8.9% 4.4% 5.7% 5.7% 5.8% 4.3% 5.5% 6.1% 5.8% 5.1% 5.0% 6.4% 8.3% 8.1% 11.0% 11.03%
EBITDA Margin 21.5% 29.9% 21.0% 21.8% 20.2% 20.0% 17.9% 18.7% 17.9% 17.6% 17.8% 18.4% 17.7% 17.6% 18.4% 17.9% 19.2% 21.2% 22.1% 24.9% 24.89%
FCF Margin 1.1% 1.3% 2.8% 2.2% 2.3% 5.8% 6.8% 7.6% 10.2% 8.8% 6.5% 6.6% 4.5% 0.9% -2.2% -3.2% -35.8% -34.5% -32.2% -33.8% -33.76%
OCF Margin 13.8% 13.9% 15.3% 13.7% 13.1% 16.4% 17.3% 17.8% 20.3% 18.0% 15.2% 15.7% 14.5% 14.3% 14.7% 17.8% 54.8% 47.0% 47.6% 46.2% 46.18%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.54%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 16.54%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.91%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 8.54%
Cash ROA snapshot only 30.81%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 57.08%
CROIC snapshot only -41.72%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.02%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 10.70%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 5.16%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.55%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.05%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 46.801
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.025
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.341
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.615
Graham Number snapshot only $324.65
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.35 1.39 1.22 1.18 1.22 1.35 1.16 1.20 1.21 1.18 1.19 1.17 1.18 1.17 1.04 1.02 1.13 1.28 1.15 1.07 1.070
Quick Ratio 0.95 1.04 0.88 0.83 0.85 0.93 0.79 0.86 0.89 0.89 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.91 0.82 0.79 0.88 1.00 0.89 0.81 0.814
Debt/Equity 0.97 0.83 0.88 0.80 0.75 0.63 0.68 0.64 0.72 0.60 0.64 0.57 0.69 0.63 0.72 0.79 0.90 0.76 0.73 0.76 0.762
Net Debt/Equity 0.73 0.52 0.52 0.50 0.53 0.41 0.42 0.41 0.47 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.44 0.36 0.42 0.52 0.64 0.47 0.41 0.49 0.486
Debt/Assets 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.30 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.34 0.30 0.27 0.28 0.277
Debt/EBITDA 2.08 1.59 1.53 1.41 1.37 1.36 1.38 1.46 1.90 1.71 1.78 1.62 2.03 1.89 2.03 2.11 2.51 2.14 1.90 1.89 1.889
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.56 1.01 0.91 0.88 0.98 0.89 0.86 0.92 1.26 1.03 0.99 0.92 1.28 1.08 1.18 1.40 1.78 1.31 1.06 1.20 1.205
Interest Coverage 25.02 36.37 51.32 51.85 45.50 49.09 27.64 20.97 15.82 10.08 10.05 9.93 9.80 13.22 13.25 12.77 12.87 10.20 11.03 12.59 12.588
Equity Multiplier 2.77 2.59 2.80 2.71 2.56 2.35 2.50 2.41 2.37 2.24 2.34 2.26 2.31 2.32 2.49 2.60 2.66 2.56 2.73 2.75 2.753
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.319
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 23.771
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.362
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.814
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1318.6 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.83 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.778
Inventory Turnover 6.38 6.86 6.31 5.96 6.09 6.56 6.26 6.12 5.63 6.33 6.67 7.07 6.82 8.12 8.38 8.57 7.75 8.11 8.01 8.03 8.029
Receivables Turnover 5.59 5.50 6.33 6.15 5.85 5.88 6.67 5.91 5.02 5.29 6.19 5.72 5.15 5.48 5.91 5.84 5.21 5.37 5.65 5.80 5.801
Payables Turnover 5.81 5.88 6.62 6.46 6.12 6.66 7.30 6.85 5.75 6.61 7.64 7.21 6.16 6.80 7.32 7.30 6.06 6.34 6.75 6.77 6.768
DSO 65 66 58 59 62 62 55 62 73 69 59 64 71 67 62 63 70 68 65 63 62.9 days
DIO 57 53 58 61 60 56 58 60 65 58 55 52 54 45 44 43 47 45 46 45 45.5 days
DPO 63 62 55 57 60 55 50 53 63 55 48 51 59 54 50 50 60 58 54 54 53.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 60 58 60 64 63 63 63 68 74 71 66 65 65 58 56 55 57 55 56 54 54.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.344
Operating Cycle snapshot only 108.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 6.656
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.499
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 23.6% 20.9% 20.4% 22.4% 24.4% 18.7% 10.7% 0.8% -12.0% -14.2% -11.4% -7.6% -1.4% 2.8% 4.6% 4.3% 6.4% 7.2% 9.0% 16.6% 16.61%
Net Income 80.9% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 82.1% -1.8% -19.1% -36.6% -51.8% -49.5% -42.9% -32.9% -14.7% 3.0% 9.1% 6.9% 9.2% 24.1% 36.8% 81.0% 81.01%
EPS 77.2% 1.3% 1.1% 1.1% 82.0% -0.6% -19.1% -36.2% -51.5% -50.2% -43.3% -33.5% -15.6% 1.9% 8.3% 6.6% 8.5% 22.4% 34.2% 76.7% 76.74%
FCF -50.1% -25.7% 54.5% 1.2% 1.6% 4.1% 1.7% 2.5% 2.9% 30.6% -15.3% -19.9% -56.2% -89.1% -1.4% -1.5% -9.4% -40.9% -14.8% -11.5% -11.45%
EBITDA 29.4% 53.7% 50.1% 50.5% 43.0% 3.1% -6.6% -17.9% -29.2% -25.4% -20.7% -14.4% -5.7% 2.1% 4.8% 4.1% 8.9% 15.9% 22.5% 43.1% 43.09%
Op. Income 66.4% 79.4% 70.9% 69.7% 51.9% 30.6% 7.2% -18.5% -40.7% -49.7% -44.2% -34.8% -18.1% -3.1% 3.0% 5.6% 11.0% 26.6% 39.0% 63.6% 63.56%
OCF Growth snapshot only 2.02%
Asset Growth snapshot only 40.01%
Equity Growth snapshot only 32.49%
Debt Growth snapshot only 28.33%
Shares Change snapshot only 2.42%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 3.25%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 16.7% 15.3% 14.6% 16.4% 18.3% 17.9% 16.2% 13.4% 10.6% 7.2% 5.7% 4.4% 2.5% 1.6% 0.8% -1.0% -2.7% -1.8% 0.3% 3.9% 3.95%
Revenue 5Y 14.9% 15.7% 16.5% 17.5% 19.0% 18.5% 18.0% 15.5% 11.7% 9.3% 8.1% 8.0% 7.5% 7.7% 7.7% 7.0% 7.2% 6.3% 6.1% 6.7% 6.74%
EPS 3Y 16.7% 34.8% 38.1% 64.1% 68.8% 55.5% 43.0% 26.5% 16.1% 4.6% -0.5% -3.9% -9.3% -20.4% -20.8% -23.2% -23.7% -14.7% -6.2% 7.8% 7.80%
EPS 5Y 16.8% 22.8% 25.1% 25.0% 25.4% 22.3% 19.6% 11.7% 7.0% 4.0% 3.9% 13.4% 14.5% 13.8% 12.4% 7.5% 7.5% 7.4% 7.5% 10.8% 10.80%
Net Income 3Y 17.7% 35.8% 39.0% 65.5% 70.3% 55.0% 43.6% 27.2% 16.7% 5.1% -0.4% -3.8% -9.2% -20.0% -20.4% -23.1% -23.4% -13.6% -5.2% 9.1% 9.13%
Net Income 5Y 18.2% 24.0% 27.4% 25.4% 25.8% 22.2% 19.6% 12.2% 7.5% 4.4% 4.4% 14.0% 15.2% 14.1% 13.0% 8.1% 8.1% 8.2% 8.1% 11.5% 11.52%
EBITDA 3Y 14.0% 19.9% 19.4% 25.5% 27.8% 22.1% 18.5% 13.7% 9.5% 5.8% 3.6% 1.9% -1.5% -7.7% -8.1% -9.9% -10.1% -4.1% 0.6% 8.4% 8.43%
EBITDA 5Y 21.7% 25.2% 23.3% 19.3% 20.1% 18.0% 16.6% 12.6% 8.5% 5.8% 4.8% 6.8% 6.9% 6.7% 6.7% 5.5% 6.1% 6.9% 7.4% 9.5% 9.51%
Gross Profit 3Y 20.6% 22.0% 24.2% 28.1% 30.7% 30.0% 23.6% 16.4% 10.8% 6.0% 4.0% 1.8% -2.2% -4.6% -5.4% -7.7% -8.5% -5.8% -0.1% 8.4% 8.39%
Gross Profit 5Y 13.8% 15.2% 16.9% 19.2% 20.9% 21.3% 20.0% 16.6% 11.6% 8.3% 8.4% 8.9% 8.8% 8.8% 8.1% 6.9% 7.7% 8.7% 9.2% 10.4% 10.44%
Op. Income 3Y 27.3% 32.2% 39.6% 47.4% 51.3% 50.5% 38.1% 24.7% 14.4% 5.7% 0.8% -3.4% -9.6% -13.9% -14.9% -17.5% -18.6% -14.8% -7.2% 4.1% 4.05%
Op. Income 5Y 16.5% 18.6% 20.7% 24.0% 26.2% 26.6% 24.4% 19.9% 13.2% 8.7% 10.2% 11.2% 11.0% 10.7% 8.7% 6.0% 6.4% 7.7% 8.0% 9.3% 9.28%
FCF 3Y -19.5% -6.7% 10.4% -5.5% 0.5% 27.4% 50.3% 42.2% 70.6% 70.6% 52.2% 84.0% 63.3% -10.1% — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y -28.7% -22.1% -8.4% -10.3% -7.3% 11.3% 20.5% 32.1% 39.0% 40.3% 25.2% 18.6% 11.4% -21.7% — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y 16.0% 15.9% 17.0% 12.7% 16.0% 18.1% 19.9% 14.8% 17.3% 13.4% 6.7% 8.6% 4.3% 2.5% -0.4% 8.0% 56.9% 39.4% 40.5% 42.9% 42.91%
OCF 5Y 4.9% 8.3% 10.9% 10.7% 12.4% 18.6% 22.5% 22.7% 20.3% 15.4% 9.3% 8.8% 8.4% 4.9% 6.3% 7.9% 35.5% 33.2% 34.0% 35.6% 35.62%
Assets 3Y 6.7% 8.1% 9.8% 10.1% 9.4% 8.3% 5.7% 6.4% 6.4% 4.5% 4.0% 3.7% 3.2% 3.3% 3.6% 2.4% 4.5% 7.9% 12.3% 16.8% 16.79%
Assets 5Y 12.5% 13.5% 14.9% 14.9% 15.4% 14.2% 13.6% 4.3% 5.5% 4.6% 5.3% 5.0% 4.9% 5.9% 6.3% 6.5% 7.7% 8.8% 9.6% 11.9% 11.85%
Equity 3Y 6.0% 8.6% 6.1% 9.7% 12.7% 14.5% 9.9% 11.6% 12.9% 10.9% 8.2% 8.2% 9.6% 7.2% 7.8% 3.8% 3.2% 4.8% 9.0% 11.8% 11.79%
Book Value 3Y 5.1% 7.9% 5.4% 8.8% 11.7% 14.8% 9.5% 11.0% 12.3% 10.4% 8.1% 8.0% 9.4% 6.7% 7.4% 3.6% 2.9% 3.5% 7.8% 10.4% 10.42%
Dividend 3Y 28.8% 28.3% 28.3% 28.1% 20.7% 21.3% 20.4% 20.3% 5.2% 6.3% 6.6% 6.6% -18.3% -17.4% -17.4% -17.2% 66.5% 61.1% 61.4% 61.3% 61.26%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.83 0.77 0.77 0.73 0.55 0.52 0.56 0.50 0.39 0.40 0.56 0.72 0.718
Earnings Stability 0.37 0.45 0.55 0.52 0.58 0.68 0.66 0.54 0.40 0.29 0.24 0.23 0.15 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.001
Margin Stability 0.90 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.88 0.86 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.901
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.92 0.85 0.50 0.80 0.83 0.87 0.94 0.99 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.90 0.85 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.42 0.20 0.27 0.29 0.42 0.98 0.79 0.55 0.30 0.34 0.45 0.61 0.84 0.97 0.91 0.93 0.91 0.78 0.69 0.42 0.423
ROE Trend 0.09 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.02 -0.00 -0.05 -0.10 -0.12 -0.13 -0.12 -0.10 -0.06 -0.05 -0.02 -0.00 0.01 0.02 0.05 0.047
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.040
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.02 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.02 0.02 -0.02 -0.06 -0.09 -0.10 -0.43 -0.39 -0.34 -0.35 -0.355
Sustainable Growth Rate 11.3% 19.1% 21.1% 22.4% 17.4% 11.0% 9.0% 5.6% -0.3% -2.3% -2.5% -2.5% 3.6% 3.4% 4.1% 3.9% -20.3% -16.7% -14.8% -10.3% -10.28%
Internal Growth Rate 4.2% 7.9% 8.4% 9.3% 7.0% 4.7% 3.5% 2.2% — — — — 1.6% 1.5% 1.7% 1.6% — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.75 1.25 1.34 1.17 1.13 1.77 2.07 2.41 3.21 3.30 2.82 2.92 2.65 2.62 2.62 3.24 9.75 7.43 6.73 5.40 5.403
FCF/OCF 0.08 0.10 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.35 0.39 0.43 0.50 0.49 0.43 0.42 0.31 0.06 -0.15 -0.18 -0.65 -0.74 -0.68 -0.73 -0.731
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -3.950
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 2.103
CapEx/Revenue 12.7% 12.6% 12.5% 11.5% 10.8% 10.7% 10.5% 10.2% 10.1% 9.2% 8.7% 9.1% 10.0% 13.4% 17.0% 21.0% 90.6% 81.5% 79.8% 79.9% 79.94%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 7.739
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.07 -0.09 -0.10 -0.12 -0.11 -0.08 -0.09 -0.07 -0.08 -0.08 -0.10 -0.39 -0.32 -0.31 -0.29 -0.293
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.060
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.494
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.01%
Dividend/Share $8.29 $8.28 $8.29 $8.22 $14.93 $14.83 $14.67 $14.65 $17.77 $17.78 $17.71 $17.65 $9.65 $10.05 $10.05 $10.05 $44.71 $43.11 $42.89 $42.70 $13.17
Payout Ratio 42.2% 28.2% 26.3% 24.3% 41.7% 50.8% 57.5% 67.7% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 65.9% 67.8% 64.2% 65.5% 2.8% 2.4% 2.0% 1.6% 1.57%
FCF Payout Ratio 3.0% 2.4% 1.1% 1.3% 2.1% 81.7% 71.1% 65.7% 63.7% 76.0% 1.0% 99.7% 79.9% 4.0% — — — — — — —
Total Payout Ratio 42.2% 36.8% 34.6% 31.9% 49.0% 51.1% 57.6% 67.7% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.2% 65.9% 67.8% 64.2% 65.5% 2.8% 2.4% 2.0% 1.6% 1.57%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.77 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.76 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.799
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.921
EBIT Margin 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.116
Asset Turnover 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.92 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.83 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.78 0.778
Equity Multiplier 2.80 2.63 2.72 2.64 2.65 2.46 2.64 2.56 2.46 2.29 2.42 2.33 2.34 2.28 2.42 2.43 2.49 2.44 2.62 2.69 2.689
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $19.66 $29.37 $31.50 $33.90 $35.77 $29.19 $25.49 $21.64 $17.34 $14.54 $14.46 $14.40 $14.64 $14.82 $15.66 $15.34 $15.89 $18.13 $21.01 $27.11 $27.11
Book Value/Share $107.62 $119.75 $114.43 $120.24 $131.86 $140.42 $124.81 $128.31 $135.98 $136.89 $133.23 $137.95 $140.91 $145.49 $141.62 $133.55 $143.49 $155.48 $156.31 $172.76 $191.01
Tangible Book/Share $106.35 $84.47 $113.22 $119.10 $130.80 $106.17 $123.72 $127.26 $134.98 $104.91 $101.65 $106.79 $109.92 $114.48 $111.18 $103.72 $113.87 $126.43 $127.31 $143.34 $143.34
Revenue/Share $249.34 $262.41 $274.74 $288.63 $309.85 $315.28 $304.42 $293.03 $274.26 $266.82 $267.68 $268.15 $267.60 $271.41 $277.89 $278.62 $282.89 $286.92 $297.04 $317.24 $324.08
FCF/Share $2.79 $3.50 $7.65 $6.38 $7.19 $18.15 $20.64 $22.30 $27.88 $23.38 $17.35 $17.69 $12.09 $2.52 $-6.18 $-8.81 $-101.38 $-99.06 $-95.64 $-107.10 $-14.25
OCF/Share $34.34 $36.56 $42.07 $39.62 $40.56 $51.77 $52.70 $52.08 $55.62 $47.97 $40.76 $42.08 $38.81 $38.86 $40.99 $49.70 $154.99 $134.78 $141.33 $146.51 $79.02
Cash/Share $26.34 $36.44 $41.06 $36.11 $28.36 $30.57 $31.53 $30.57 $33.06 $32.80 $38.24 $33.72 $35.68 $39.04 $42.52 $34.96 $37.75 $45.58 $50.80 $47.66 $48.93
EBITDA/Share $50.31 $62.55 $65.35 $68.53 $71.90 $65.27 $61.11 $56.69 $51.24 $48.05 $48.14 $48.07 $47.86 $48.50 $50.07 $49.86 $51.77 $55.41 $60.15 $69.66 $69.66
Debt/Share $104.63 $99.31 $100.31 $96.38 $98.78 $88.59 $84.27 $82.74 $97.42 $82.37 $85.68 $78.03 $97.10 $91.56 $101.85 $105.01 $129.78 $118.37 $114.55 $131.58 $131.58
Net Debt/Share $78.30 $62.87 $59.25 $60.28 $70.42 $58.01 $52.74 $52.17 $64.36 $49.57 $47.45 $44.31 $61.42 $52.53 $59.33 $70.05 $92.03 $72.79 $63.75 $83.92 $83.92
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 8 7 6 7 6 7 4 3 5 5 5 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.57 -2.36 -2.39 -2.33 -2.28 -2.80 -2.82 -2.84 -3.03 -2.97 -2.89 -2.86 -2.82 -2.81 -2.70 -2.98 -4.19 -3.98 -3.80 -3.40 -3.404
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.096
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 14.96%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-129.50
EVA snapshot only $-476136635.64
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 67.05 69.75 70.05 68.70 70.05 71.85 69.90 72.45 70.60 68.00 68.00 65.50 62.50 65.30 62.90 61.70 63.50 66.05 65.00 65.00 65.000
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 3.300
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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