— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: CLS.JO (JNB) · $vol 20M

CLCGY OTC

Clicks Group Limited
1W: -2.1% 1M: +0.5% 3M: -12.5% YTD: -35.8% 1Y: -37.3% 3Y: -0.6% 5Y: -28.6%
$25.51
-0.70 (-2.67%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±6.5%
$22 $24 $26 $27 $29
OTC · Healthcare · Medical - Pharmaceuticals · Tech Score Buy · Power 61 · $3.0B mcap · 117M float · 0.035% daily turnover · Short 65% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. CLCGY receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (1/5).

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
57
Balance Sheet
65
Earnings Quality
68
Growth
76
Value
—
Momentum
90
Safety
—
Cash Flow
69

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
9/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.61
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.24
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 79.2/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.48x
Accruals: -14.2%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. CLCGY scores 9/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. CLCGY's score of -2.61 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. CLCGY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. CLCGY receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 79.2/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). CLCGY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
14.92x
PEG
1.24x
P/S
0.92x
P/B
8.11x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$250.16
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.9x earnings, CLCGY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $250.16 per share, suggesting a potential 881% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.729
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.927
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.091
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
4.818
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.673
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
109.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. CLCGY's ROE of 109.2% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.67x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$2041.39
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with CLCGY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. CLCGY actually compounded EPS at 26.0% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. CLCGY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $2041.39, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 14.9x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$25.51
Median 1Y
$23.69
5th Pctile
$12.77
95th Pctile
$44.35
Ann. Volatility
39.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 1.0% 98.9% 89.3% 90.7% 79.8% 81.9% 77.0% 77.9% 74.3% 85.0% 76.5% 85.3% 82.2% 94.1% 96.1% 1.1% 89.7% 93.4% 94.2% 1.1% 1.09%
ROA 28.1% 27.5% 27.5% 26.5% 27.5% 27.7% 27.8% 24.9% 26.6% 26.5% 24.6% 24.7% 27.0% 28.3% 28.6% 29.5% 27.8% 29.6% 29.0% 29.7% 29.72%
ROIC 94.4% 81.7% 87.6% 86.0% 88.8% 94.8% 1.3% 66.2% 65.5% 64.1% 74.5% 61.2% 70.0% 63.6% 78.5% 68.6% 77.3% 68.7% 62.1% 70.8% 70.76%
ROCE 1.3% 1.6% 1.6% 1.8% 1.6% 1.7% 1.4% 1.0% 87.4% 85.2% 81.4% 87.6% 84.7% 87.8% 91.9% 96.7% 88.5% 89.4% 91.7% 97.7% 97.73%
Gross Margin 20.4% 21.5% 20.4% 21.5% 20.7% 21.9% 24.6% 22.7% 22.4% 22.2% 21.4% 22.6% 24.4% 23.7% 24.4% 23.6% 24.8% 24.0% 26.8% 25.0% 25.03%
Operating Margin 7.0% 6.4% 7.1% 6.5% 7.2% 7.4% 7.5% 7.0% 8.2% 7.1% 7.4% 7.4% 9.8% 7.7% 8.6% 8.5% 9.1% 9.1% 9.4% 8.4% 8.44%
Net Margin 4.8% 4.4% 5.1% 4.7% 5.4% 4.9% 5.5% 4.8% 5.5% 4.6% 4.6% 5.8% 6.6% 5.4% 6.0% 5.8% 6.2% 6.2% 6.5% 5.7% 5.73%
EBITDA Margin 16.2% 14.6% 16.4% 15.4% 17.2% 15.0% 8.8% 10.4% 11.5% 10.2% 10.3% 11.8% 12.8% 11.4% 12.1% 12.6% 12.8% 13.0% 13.1% 12.2% 12.20%
FCF Margin 4.0% 3.9% 3.8% 4.1% 4.7% 5.8% 7.1% 7.2% 6.5% 6.3% 6.3% 5.2% 6.6% 6.0% 7.4% 8.0% 8.6% 8.2% 7.8% 7.4% 7.39%
OCF Margin 5.7% 5.7% 5.6% 6.0% 6.9% 7.8% 9.1% 9.2% 8.2% 7.9% 8.0% 6.9% 8.5% 7.9% 9.3% 9.8% 10.4% 9.7% 9.6% 9.1% 9.11%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 95.96%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 85.02%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 26.31%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 65.98%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 70.76%
Cash ROA snapshot only 39.51%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 98.08%
CROIC snapshot only 79.62%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 6.57%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 8.46%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 8.55%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.919
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.918
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.109
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.238
Graham Number snapshot only $250.16
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.06 1.07 1.14 1.17 1.25 1.24 1.30 1.14 1.20 1.08 1.10 1.08 1.15 1.15 1.10 1.03 1.09 1.13 1.11 1.05 1.053
Quick Ratio 0.43 0.40 0.52 0.49 0.61 0.57 0.70 0.51 0.59 1.08 0.57 0.43 0.52 0.44 0.51 0.31 0.49 0.42 0.50 0.39 0.393
Debt/Equity 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.54 0.52 0.66 0.61 0.68 0.54 0.56 0.54 0.71 0.60 0.64 0.98 0.72 0.725
Net Debt/Equity -0.07 0.03 -0.15 -0.19 -0.30 -0.29 -0.49 0.06 0.10 0.41 0.15 0.50 0.19 0.36 0.13 0.54 0.17 0.37 0.51 0.52 0.521
Debt/Assets 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.30 0.19 0.192
Debt/EBITDA 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.32 0.34 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.54 0.35 0.346
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.04 0.01 -0.07 -0.08 -0.15 -0.13 -0.28 0.04 0.07 0.24 0.09 0.27 0.12 0.21 0.07 0.26 0.10 0.20 0.28 0.25 0.249
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — — 65.22 32.67 13.79 10.61 11.90 11.63 14.36 14.356
Equity Multiplier 3.42 3.32 2.95 2.91 2.61 2.73 2.66 3.29 2.94 3.70 3.57 3.62 3.13 3.05 3.19 3.55 3.31 3.24 3.29 3.78 3.776
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.090
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 20.096
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.280
FCF to Debt snapshot only 1.672
Defensive Interval snapshot only 126.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 6.35 6.11 5.90 5.56 5.62 5.53 5.41 4.87 5.14 5.20 5.06 4.81 4.97 5.04 4.80 4.94 4.73 4.89 4.67 4.82 4.818
Inventory Turnover 12.05 10.79 11.52 10.23 11.49 10.41 11.32 9.67 11.62 23.23 11.72 10.04 11.50 19.42 11.27 9.56 10.50 9.66 10.34 9.02 9.024
Receivables Turnover 31.74 25.26 32.24 23.74 33.35 24.38 34.27 28.92 37.98 26.70 36.50 28.17 46.41 29.16 40.02 30.11 38.80 31.24 49.27 30.50 30.498
Payables Turnover 9.90 7.64 9.33 6.97 9.59 7.33 9.43 7.01 10.47 7.33 9.38 7.43 11.28 7.88 8.13 7.53 8.57 7.96 8.28 7.12 7.117
DSO 11 14 11 15 11 15 11 13 10 14 10 13 8 13 9 12 9 12 7 12 12.0 days
DIO 30 34 32 36 32 35 32 38 31 16 31 36 32 19 32 38 35 38 35 40 40.4 days
DPO 37 48 39 52 38 50 39 52 35 50 39 49 32 46 45 48 43 46 44 51 51.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 5 1 4 -1 5 0 4 -2 6 -20 2 0 7 -15 -3 2 2 4 -1 1 1.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 14.400
Operating Cycle snapshot only 52.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 80.625
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.231
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 26.0% 25.4% 23.7% 21.3% 21.2% 19.6% 21.0% 22.1% 23.0% 25.1% 24.0% 21.9% 19.5% 15.8% 13.7% 10.8% 11.1% 10.6% 11.7% 14.5% 14.47%
Net Income 26.8% 29.7% 30.4% 30.9% 34.1% 33.0% 33.3% 31.4% 30.1% 27.2% 17.6% 22.1% 25.3% 27.6% 39.2% 28.7% 20.1% 19.5% 16.4% 18.5% 18.50%
EPS 25.7% 28.1% 29.5% 28.5% 31.4% 31.7% 33.7% 33.1% 33.7% 30.3% 20.9% 25.6% 28.0% 30.0% 40.8% 31.9% 23.0% 22.4% 19.4% 20.7% 20.68%
FCF 0.4% -1.3% -6.0% 0.1% 44.9% 78.2% 1.3% 1.2% 69.8% 35.9% 10.0% -11.7% 21.0% 11.7% 33.4% 69.8% 44.4% 49.8% 17.4% 5.5% 5.55%
EBITDA 62.3% 95.3% 1.3% 1.6% 1.0% 66.6% 23.0% -1.4% -12.4% -19.8% -5.7% 5.7% 19.4% 31.1% 29.3% 23.9% 20.2% 20.4% 19.6% 19.4% 19.45%
Op. Income 28.4% 30.9% 29.5% 29.4% 28.5% 29.7% 30.4% 31.5% 35.4% 31.3% 28.0% 25.8% 26.4% 26.1% 28.4% 27.7% 19.1% 20.9% 20.8% 19.3% 19.26%
OCF Growth snapshot only 6.19%
Asset Growth snapshot only 24.84%
Equity Growth snapshot only 17.38%
Debt Growth snapshot only 20.24%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.81%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 24.41%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 91.0% 52.7% 35.0% 23.4% 23.8% 23.4% 23.2% 23.4% 23.4% 23.4% 22.9% 21.8% 21.2% 20.1% 19.5% 18.2% 17.8% 17.0% 16.3% 15.6% 15.64%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — 59.7% 39.7% 29.8% 22.8% 22.8% 22.2% 21.4% 20.5% 20.1% 19.2% 18.7% 18.0% 18.03%
EPS 3Y 98.9% 55.5% 38.0% 25.9% 26.6% 28.8% 29.6% 30.2% 30.2% 30.0% 27.9% 29.0% 31.0% 30.6% 31.5% 30.2% 28.1% 27.5% 26.7% 26.0% 25.98%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — 69.1% 45.2% 33.6% 27.2% 28.3% 29.3% 29.9% 29.6% 28.3% 28.5% 28.6% 27.9% 27.89%
Net Income 3Y 93.5% 53.3% 36.4% 26.1% 27.0% 28.4% 30.0% 30.6% 30.3% 30.0% 26.9% 28.1% 29.8% 29.3% 29.7% 27.3% 25.1% 24.7% 24.0% 23.0% 23.04%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — 66.1% 43.6% 31.8% 26.4% 27.3% 28.0% 29.2% 28.5% 27.2% 27.3% 27.1% 26.2% 26.23%
EBITDA 3Y 1.1% 75.7% 64.1% 57.0% 57.4% 57.7% 50.7% 46.5% 41.9% 37.7% 38.5% 39.2% 28.1% 20.6% 14.5% 8.9% 7.9% 8.2% 13.4% 16.1% 16.08%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — 74.6% 48.6% 38.6% 32.1% 32.4% 32.8% 33.1% 32.7% 32.6% 32.7% 32.7% 31.9% 31.89%
Gross Profit 3Y 87.3% 48.8% 31.5% 20.1% 20.7% 20.8% 23.7% 24.9% 26.0% 26.4% 25.1% 24.4% 25.1% 24.5% 24.8% 23.6% 23.3% 22.4% 20.7% 20.0% 19.99%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — 61.2% 40.4% 29.4% 22.2% 22.8% 22.7% 23.3% 22.9% 22.8% 22.3% 22.8% 22.7% 22.68%
Op. Income 3Y 93.4% 53.4% 36.0% 25.1% 25.2% 27.0% 27.9% 29.1% 30.7% 30.6% 29.3% 28.9% 30.0% 29.0% 29.0% 28.3% 26.8% 26.0% 25.7% 24.2% 24.21%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — 66.0% 43.8% 33.2% 26.5% 27.4% 27.7% 28.0% 28.2% 27.4% 27.7% 27.4% 26.7% 26.67%
FCF 3Y — 1.9% 1.3% 1.1% 99.1% 1.1% 71.8% 64.7% 35.2% 33.7% 33.2% 24.3% 43.9% 39.3% 49.7% 48.3% 43.7% 31.5% 19.9% 16.5% 16.53%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — 1.3% 98.6% 76.6% 74.6% 70.8% 49.4% 46.3% 34.0% 31.9% 29.9% 28.1% 28.08%
OCF 3Y 2.0% 1.1% 82.2% 66.5% 68.2% 74.4% 57.9% 54.6% 31.9% 30.8% 30.5% 23.0% 38.4% 34.0% 41.1% 39.5% 35.5% 25.8% 18.2% 15.3% 15.29%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 1.3% 82.2% 66.7% 51.4% 53.9% 50.8% 41.3% 39.7% 31.0% 28.8% 27.6% 25.5% 25.54%
Assets 3Y 26.8% 31.3% 31.7% 32.6% 34.3% 29.4% 33.8% 37.7% 35.1% 32.6% 31.5% 26.6% 28.7% 24.4% 25.1% 19.9% 21.6% 19.9% 19.9% 13.3% 13.26%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — 30.0% 32.0% 32.2% 29.7% 30.2% 25.8% 28.4% 24.9% 27.4% 24.7% 24.4% 22.6% 22.61%
Equity 3Y 29.1% 39.1% 50.7% 50.8% 48.6% 51.2% 52.8% 52.2% 49.1% 36.6% 33.7% 35.5% 32.5% 28.0% 21.8% 12.2% 12.4% 13.4% 11.6% 8.2% 8.21%
Book Value 3Y 32.6% 41.0% 52.5% 50.5% 48.1% 51.7% 52.3% 51.7% 49.0% 36.7% 34.7% 36.5% 33.7% 29.3% 23.5% 14.7% 15.1% 15.9% 14.0% 10.8% 10.80%
Dividend 3Y 12.4% 12.7% 12.5% 11.1% 11.0% 12.3% 12.0% 12.8% 6.5% 9.6% 9.4% 4.8% 16.3% 8.2% 9.1% 6.1% 1.1% -5.0% -4.8% 9.5% 9.45%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.997
Earnings Stability 0.92 0.97 1.00 0.96 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.988
Margin Stability 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.925
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.84 0.89 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.926
Earnings Smoothness 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.71 0.72 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.84 0.80 0.78 0.76 0.67 0.75 0.82 0.82 0.85 0.83 0.831
ROE Trend -0.18 -0.24 -0.26 -0.37 -0.31 -0.23 -0.17 -0.17 -0.04 0.12 0.09 0.18 0.13 0.07 0.16 0.22 0.12 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.077
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.021
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.008
Sustainable Growth Rate 48.4% 44.2% 41.7% 40.1% 36.5% 34.1% 33.3% 29.9% 36.8% 33.7% 29.4% 36.8% 31.6% 39.4% 43.2% 53.4% 45.5% 56.9% 58.1% 53.6% 53.57%
Internal Growth Rate 15.4% 14.0% 14.7% 13.3% 14.4% 13.0% 13.7% 10.6% 15.2% 11.7% 10.4% 11.9% 11.6% 13.4% 14.7% 17.5% 16.4% 22.1% 21.8% 17.1% 17.08%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.29 1.27 1.21 1.25 1.40 1.56 1.78 1.79 1.59 1.54 1.65 1.34 1.56 1.42 1.56 1.65 1.78 1.60 1.55 1.48 1.476
FCF/OCF 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.74 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.76 0.78 0.76 0.80 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.81 0.81 0.812
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.198
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.713
CapEx/Revenue 1.7% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 2.1% 2.1% 2.0% 2.0% 1.7% 1.6% 1.7% 1.7% 1.9% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.5% 1.8% 1.7% 1.71%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.469
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.11 -0.16 -0.22 -0.20 -0.16 -0.14 -0.16 -0.09 -0.15 -0.12 -0.16 -0.19 -0.22 -0.18 -0.16 -0.14 -0.142
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.155
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.875
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.30%
Dividend/Share $8.58 $9.63 $9.97 $11.12 $11.64 $13.38 $14.19 $16.34 $14.47 $18.03 $18.64 $18.94 $22.59 $22.56 $23.45 $21.71 $22.27 $18.56 $19.49 $27.00 $18.12
Payout Ratio 52.6% 55.3% 53.3% 55.8% 54.2% 58.4% 56.7% 61.6% 50.5% 60.3% 61.6% 56.9% 61.6% 58.1% 55.1% 49.4% 49.3% 39.0% 38.3% 50.9% 50.93%
FCF Payout Ratio 58.8% 64.4% 65.6% 65.5% 56.1% 50.7% 40.7% 43.7% 40.0% 49.1% 47.3% 55.8% 50.5% 54.0% 44.1% 36.7% 33.6% 28.9% 30.5% 42.5% 42.50%
Total Payout Ratio 75.3% 71.3% 65.5% 55.8% 54.2% 58.5% 63.4% 67.9% 74.7% 99.7% 99.4% 1.0% 88.3% 70.7% 77.3% 70.8% 70.2% 58.9% 57.4% 74.2% 74.24%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.71 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.729
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.74 0.63 0.55 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.58 0.67 0.79 0.94 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.927
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.091
Asset Turnover 6.35 6.11 5.90 5.56 5.62 5.53 5.41 4.87 5.14 5.20 5.06 4.81 4.97 5.04 4.80 4.94 4.73 4.89 4.67 4.82 4.818
Equity Multiplier 3.62 3.59 3.25 3.42 2.90 2.96 2.77 3.13 2.79 3.21 3.11 3.45 3.04 3.33 3.36 3.58 3.23 3.15 3.25 3.67 3.673
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $16.33 $17.41 $18.71 $19.92 $21.46 $22.93 $25.02 $26.52 $28.68 $29.88 $30.24 $33.30 $36.70 $38.83 $42.60 $43.94 $45.15 $47.54 $50.85 $53.02 $53.02
Book Value/Share $19.55 $21.70 $26.04 $29.10 $34.60 $34.50 $38.89 $38.56 $41.70 $34.93 $39.09 $38.42 $46.72 $46.95 $49.09 $43.88 $52.81 $53.70 $57.67 $52.46 $52.05
Tangible Book/Share $15.26 $17.39 $21.61 $24.74 $30.07 $30.06 $34.14 $33.52 $36.30 $29.30 $32.80 $32.03 $39.96 $40.29 $39.43 $34.17 $43.10 $44.25 $47.94 $42.33 $42.33
Revenue/Share $368.61 $386.80 $402.27 $418.46 $437.98 $458.01 $488.10 $517.68 $553.55 $586.94 $622.09 $648.85 $675.52 $692.22 $715.30 $737.23 $769.13 $784.73 $819.09 $859.42 $454.14
FCF/Share $14.61 $14.96 $15.19 $16.97 $20.74 $26.39 $34.84 $37.41 $36.19 $36.74 $39.36 $33.95 $44.74 $41.77 $53.12 $59.11 $66.20 $64.13 $63.92 $63.54 $36.14
OCF/Share $21.00 $22.14 $22.69 $24.95 $30.03 $35.85 $44.66 $47.59 $45.51 $46.13 $49.78 $44.77 $57.26 $54.96 $66.47 $72.38 $80.27 $76.19 $78.64 $78.28 $45.30
Cash/Share $2.95 $0.92 $5.53 $6.96 $11.91 $11.42 $20.69 $18.36 $17.28 $8.93 $17.95 $6.85 $16.51 $9.47 $20.20 $7.15 $22.72 $14.48 $27.38 $10.66 $10.57
EBITDA/Share $35.39 $44.41 $55.03 $65.40 $69.71 $73.22 $67.93 $65.35 $62.73 $60.17 $65.83 $71.00 $76.49 $80.34 $86.08 $90.21 $94.24 $99.11 $105.53 $109.74 $109.74
Debt/Share $1.52 $1.46 $1.52 $1.56 $1.58 $1.56 $1.53 $20.77 $21.56 $23.16 $23.78 $26.22 $25.41 $26.49 $26.65 $31.04 $31.81 $34.42 $56.77 $38.01 $38.01
Net Debt/Share $-1.43 $0.54 $-4.00 $-5.40 $-10.33 $-9.85 $-19.16 $2.41 $4.28 $14.24 $5.83 $19.37 $8.90 $17.02 $6.45 $23.89 $9.08 $19.94 $29.39 $27.35 $27.35
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 8 8 8 8 8 9 6 7 7 6 6 8 8 8 7 7 7 8 9 9
Beneish M-Score -3.28 -2.42 -2.40 -2.62 -2.69 -2.97 -3.45 -4.10 -3.13 -3.83 -2.65 -2.63 -2.94 -2.90 -3.28 -3.44 -3.32 -3.13 -2.92 -2.61 -2.615
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.238
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 1.19%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-21.48
EVA snapshot only $5680809525.42
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 81.75 81.75 79.25 79.25 79.25 77.75 79.25 79.250
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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