— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: CRDA.L (LSE) · $vol 19M · COIHY (OTC) · $vol 0M · 50GP.L (LSE) · $vol 0M · 49GP.L (LSE) · $vol 0M

COIHF OTC

Croda International Plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +7.7% YTD: +22.3% 1Y: +18.5% 3Y: -24.0% 5Y: -62.3%
$43.73
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Basic Materials · Chemicals - Specialty · Tech Score Buy · Power 64 · $6.1B mcap · 138M float · 0.0000% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
42
Balance Sheet
77
Earnings Quality
71
Growth
19
Value
—
Momentum
54
Safety
—
Cash Flow
42

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.53
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.92
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 78.1/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.30x
Accruals: -8.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. COIHF scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. COIHF's score of -2.53 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. COIHF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. COIHF receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 78.1/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). COIHF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
57.96x
PEG
-1.35x
P/S
2.65x
P/B
2.10x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$23.31
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 58.0x earnings, COIHF is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $23.31 per share, 88% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.731
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.594
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.149
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.956
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.582
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
9.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. COIHF's ROE of 9.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.956), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$13.31
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with COIHF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. COIHF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $13.31, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 58.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$43.73
Median 1Y
$40.29
5th Pctile
$22.04
95th Pctile
$73.88
Ann. Volatility
36.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 69.6% 66.4% 61.0% 64.3% 59.8% 61.7% 54.9% 47.2% 33.0% 36.1% 40.0% 57.4% 48.5% 45.6% 40.0% 15.2% 14.0% 13.4% 9.7% 9.8% 9.77%
ROA 29.3% 29.9% 29.7% 28.0% 27.9% 27.2% 26.1% 23.4% 17.2% 17.6% 20.2% 31.2% 29.2% 26.8% 23.9% 9.3% 9.3% 8.6% 6.3% 6.2% 6.18%
ROIC 40.3% 39.0% 37.1% 36.5% 34.7% 34.1% 35.0% 30.8% 19.7% 20.2% 22.0% 26.4% 27.7% 26.0% 21.3% 15.4% 13.4% 12.0% 11.8% 12.5% 12.54%
ROCE 43.4% 45.1% 44.0% 42.6% 40.3% 35.6% 31.6% 22.4% 11.6% 12.0% 13.0% 12.2% 14.2% 12.8% 12.1% 11.5% 13.0% 15.3% 16.4% 16.3% 16.27%
Gross Margin 34.9% 38.5% 36.8% 39.0% 36.3% 32.7% 32.0% 40.7% 38.5% 44.5% 42.9% 42.2% 40.5% 36.6% 34.6% 45.0% 45.1% 45.1% 34.7% 36.7% 36.73%
Operating Margin 21.3% 24.4% 22.7% 24.9% 22.7% 24.5% 23.5% 23.0% 20.4% 24.1% 21.9% 25.1% 20.7% 18.0% 14.4% 14.0% 13.9% 11.0% 13.6% 15.7% 15.68%
Net Margin 14.7% 17.1% 17.4% 18.2% 16.1% 17.5% 14.9% 16.1% 13.0% 16.4% 17.5% 48.2% 11.0% 10.0% 10.2% 9.8% 9.7% 7.2% 0.1% 8.9% 8.94%
EBITDA Margin 25.1% 28.1% 26.5% 28.8% 26.7% 17.1% 15.7% 17.1% 16.4% 17.9% 17.2% 18.0% 14.7% 16.0% 17.0% 22.9% 23.1% 22.6% 21.6% 23.6% 23.61%
FCF Margin 11.8% 11.1% 10.2% 10.4% 9.7% 11.4% 12.9% 13.5% 13.0% 10.9% 10.9% 7.8% 8.8% 9.0% 8.4% 11.5% 8.9% 8.0% 9.3% 7.6% 7.64%
OCF Margin 20.3% 20.3% 20.1% 19.9% 19.0% 19.8% 20.5% 21.1% 21.4% 19.9% 19.4% 15.6% 16.7% 17.1% 17.4% 22.3% 20.0% 18.6% 18.3% 14.9% 14.89%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 22.04%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 32.48%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 13.15%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.22%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.95%
Cash ROA snapshot only 14.39%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 18.46%
CROIC snapshot only 9.47%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 10.11%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 8.84%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 25.82%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.19%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 57.956
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.648
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.103
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $23.31
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.94 1.79 1.93 2.03 2.03 1.74 1.69 2.28 2.02 1.98 1.94 3.02 2.38 3.46 2.84 2.72 2.63 2.07 1.99 2.57 2.569
Quick Ratio 1.01 0.94 0.98 1.05 1.05 0.93 0.89 1.13 1.15 1.12 0.98 2.25 1.43 2.21 1.77 1.67 1.53 1.19 1.18 1.56 1.563
Debt/Equity 0.71 0.62 0.54 0.52 0.50 0.79 0.73 0.65 0.57 0.59 0.53 0.47 0.25 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.36 0.361
Net Debt/Equity 0.61 0.53 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.70 0.64 0.59 0.50 0.52 0.47 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.23 0.22 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.266
Debt/Assets 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.17 0.21 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.22 0.22 0.222
Debt/EBITDA 0.68 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.99 1.03 1.22 1.98 1.93 1.66 1.71 0.91 1.12 1.14 1.18 1.07 1.04 1.01 1.01 1.010
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.58 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.88 0.90 1.10 1.75 1.72 1.46 0.51 0.44 0.54 0.86 0.84 0.81 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.745
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — 73.36 25.14 17.04 9.08 5.89 7.22 7.41 8.29 11.14 11.141
Equity Multiplier 2.50 2.27 2.00 1.97 1.93 2.27 2.19 2.06 1.91 1.94 1.88 1.75 1.50 1.53 1.52 1.54 1.54 1.56 1.56 1.62 1.625
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.499
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 17.034
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.262
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.333
Defensive Interval snapshot only 257.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.81 1.84 1.79 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.56 1.44 1.12 1.16 1.27 1.22 1.20 1.16 1.10 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.956
Inventory Turnover 6.88 6.79 6.89 6.44 6.58 6.54 6.81 6.14 6.01 5.59 5.35 5.92 5.97 5.97 5.90 5.33 4.77 4.68 5.38 5.26 5.260
Receivables Turnover 16.46 12.53 17.46 12.52 15.54 11.66 15.96 11.94 12.78 9.63 14.47 10.65 14.39 10.74 12.71 8.40 11.23 8.93 9.76 8.59 8.586
Payables Turnover 25.34 8.90 25.41 9.02 26.38 9.07 26.89 9.08 21.35 7.53 53.33 7.93 20.93 8.37 34.71 6.75 16.03 7.28 9.43 6.93 6.931
DSO 22 29 21 29 23 31 23 31 29 38 25 34 25 34 29 43 32 41 37 43 42.5 days
DIO 53 54 53 57 55 56 54 59 61 65 68 62 61 61 62 68 76 78 68 69 69.4 days
DPO 14 41 14 40 14 40 14 40 17 48 7 46 17 44 11 54 23 50 39 53 52.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 61 42 60 45 65 47 63 50 72 55 87 50 69 52 80 58 86 69 66 59 59.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.244
Operating Cycle snapshot only 111.9 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 16.611
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.035
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 9.5% 16.1% 22.9% 23.2% 18.7% 12.1% 5.7% 0.9% 0.3% 7.9% 18.6% 36.6% 43.7% 31.4% 15.4% -7.0% -16.5% -16.0% -12.1% -2.5% -2.50%
Net Income 10.1% 15.4% 25.4% 26.7% 26.0% 19.4% 6.6% -3.5% -10.5% -5.2% 13.0% 1.2% 1.3% 99.3% 57.0% -62.8% -66.0% -66.6% -73.1% -38.6% -38.63%
EPS 6.3% 14.7% 25.1% 26.5% 29.4% 17.8% 7.0% -3.5% -12.2% -11.2% 4.1% 99.6% 1.2% 99.1% 57.2% -62.7% -66.1% -66.5% -73.7% -38.8% -38.75%
FCF 6.3% 6.3% 17.7% 20.7% -2.3% 15.2% 33.3% 30.5% 34.1% 3.0% 0.3% -21.0% -2.4% 8.2% -11.0% 37.0% -16.2% -24.8% -2.8% -35.3% -35.30%
EBITDA 10.8% 17.1% 24.2% 24.6% 21.6% 2.7% -13.3% -28.9% -39.7% -26.3% -7.7% 24.5% 47.6% 29.1% 10.5% -6.8% -3.4% 8.6% 20.3% 26.7% 26.72%
Op. Income 9.1% 15.3% 22.1% 23.1% 20.8% 14.2% 9.2% 1.2% -3.3% 3.9% 11.2% 34.7% 44.8% 24.4% 3.0% -31.8% -45.1% -48.3% -42.4% -22.1% -22.08%
OCF Growth snapshot only -34.78%
Asset Growth snapshot only -2.11%
Equity Growth snapshot only -7.10%
Debt Growth snapshot only 8.42%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.20%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 1.37%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 32.4% 17.1% 8.1% 9.0% 9.2% 8.8% 9.1% 8.5% 9.2% 12.0% 15.5% 19.3% 19.6% 16.7% 13.1% 8.6% 6.4% 6.0% 6.4% 7.4% 7.38%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — 40.4% 22.5% 14.2% 9.6% 12.3% 13.4% 12.8% 12.2% 10.2% 9.4% 9.2% 9.3% 9.0% 9.01%
EPS 3Y 41.8% 23.4% 13.4% 14.1% 14.1% 13.1% 11.9% 9.1% 6.5% 6.3% 11.7% 34.6% 34.8% 27.7% 20.5% -10.4% -13.7% -16.0% -24.5% -23.0% -23.02%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — 47.0% 26.5% 14.5% 10.2% 23.4% 23.0% 20.6% 18.0% -0.6% -2.5% -4.4% -10.5% -11.0% -11.04%
Net Income 3Y 42.4% 23.2% 13.3% 14.1% 14.3% 13.6% 12.1% 9.1% 7.5% 9.3% 14.7% 38.3% 37.0% 31.1% 23.7% -8.0% -11.5% -14.2% -21.9% -20.9% -20.92%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — 46.6% 26.6% 16.2% 11.9% 25.4% 25.0% 22.6% 20.1% 0.9% -0.8% -2.7% -8.6% -9.6% -9.57%
EBITDA 3Y 38.1% 20.9% 11.0% 10.9% 10.3% 5.7% 1.9% -3.5% -6.7% -4.0% -0.2% 3.3% 2.7% -0.8% -4.0% -6.2% -4.9% 1.1% 7.0% 13.7% 13.71%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — 34.6% 14.1% 6.0% 1.8% 3.8% 3.6% 2.3% 1.5% 0.9% 3.0% 4.4% 5.7% 5.4% 5.43%
Gross Profit 3Y 37.4% 22.2% 13.1% 14.0% 13.8% 11.4% 10.4% 10.4% 12.1% 18.3% 24.0% 27.2% 27.1% 21.3% 15.1% 10.3% 8.8% 11.9% 13.4% 12.2% 12.18%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — 43.5% 25.7% 19.1% 15.7% 18.2% 19.1% 17.1% 15.3% 13.6% 13.6% 14.5% 14.4% 12.2% 12.24%
Op. Income 3Y 39.7% 21.6% 11.2% 10.5% 9.5% 8.6% 8.8% 7.5% 8.4% 11.0% 14.0% 18.8% 19.2% 13.9% 7.7% -2.4% -8.4% -12.6% -13.0% -10.5% -10.55%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — 45.2% 26.1% 16.4% 10.8% 13.0% 13.0% 10.6% 8.1% 2.7% 0.3% -2.5% -2.5% -2.3% -2.26%
FCF 3Y 44.8% 24.2% 10.8% 13.4% 11.9% 19.5% 15.2% 16.4% 11.7% 8.1% 16.3% 7.6% 8.5% 8.7% 6.0% 12.2% 3.1% -5.7% -4.6% -11.2% -11.20%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — 52.2% 31.8% 17.9% 12.7% 8.5% 12.9% 13.7% 6.4% 11.3% 2.6% 0.5% 6.4% 2.0% 1.99%
OCF 3Y 52.9% 32.8% 21.2% 21.8% 20.2% 24.1% 19.8% 20.8% 17.4% 15.5% 18.5% 11.3% 12.0% 10.1% 7.8% 12.7% 8.2% 3.9% 2.4% -4.4% -4.43%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — 54.4% 35.1% 22.7% 16.6% 14.3% 17.0% 18.5% 14.9% 18.7% 12.7% 9.7% 9.7% 3.5% 3.54%
Assets 3Y 15.2% 16.0% 18.2% 20.4% 24.0% 23.6% 23.0% 24.0% 41.4% 42.4% 37.3% 40.0% 34.0% 31.1% 29.5% 26.3% 22.4% 21.0% 21.7% 20.3% 20.26%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — 15.5% 25.3% 26.1% 27.0% 32.3% 29.2% 27.9% 28.6% 27.7% 26.8% 25.5% 21.8% 18.5% 18.50%
Equity 3Y 30.0% 31.9% 45.7% 40.7% 42.2% 28.4% 27.8% 31.2% 48.6% 47.6% 42.9% 64.9% 59.0% 49.4% 42.0% 37.1% 32.1% 37.0% 36.4% 30.3% 30.27%
Book Value 3Y 29.5% 32.1% 45.9% 40.6% 42.0% 27.8% 27.5% 31.2% 47.2% 43.5% 39.1% 60.4% 56.5% 45.5% 38.3% 33.6% 28.7% 34.1% 31.8% 26.8% 26.81%
Dividend 3Y 17.0% 17.3% 17.2% -20.4% -9.0% 9.0% 9.3% 33.5% 20.9% -16.2% -15.3% -14.2% -11.7% 4.0% 3.2% 2.2% 0.4% -0.4% -2.1% -2.2% -2.15%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.73 0.85 0.69 0.74 0.83 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.93 1.00 0.86 0.78 0.76 0.85 0.95 0.83 0.70 0.74 0.80 0.70 0.695
Earnings Stability 0.80 0.91 0.88 0.82 0.88 0.96 0.94 0.79 0.79 0.90 0.96 0.65 0.62 0.68 0.81 0.18 0.13 0.10 0.02 0.01 0.011
Margin Stability 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.917
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.96 0.94 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.92 0.97 0.99 0.96 0.98 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.845
Earnings Smoothness 0.90 0.86 0.77 0.76 0.77 0.82 0.94 0.96 0.89 0.95 0.88 0.26 0.22 0.34 0.56 0.09 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.52 0.521
ROE Trend -0.19 -0.16 -0.16 -0.23 -0.19 -0.07 -0.01 -0.14 -0.29 -0.29 -0.23 -0.08 0.03 -0.02 -0.07 -0.28 -0.19 -0.20 -0.22 -0.18 -0.178
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.00 -0.004
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.020
Sustainable Growth Rate 18.3% 19.5% 20.6% 41.8% 33.3% 13.7% 10.1% 6.5% 3.3% 17.2% 21.0% 41.7% 34.6% 31.0% 25.6% 2.3% 1.1% -0.1% -3.8% -4.0% -3.97%
Internal Growth Rate 8.4% 9.6% 11.1% 22.2% 18.4% 6.4% 5.0% 3.3% 1.8% 9.1% 11.8% 29.3% 26.4% 22.3% 18.0% 1.4% 0.8% — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.25 1.25 1.21 1.18 1.10 1.14 1.23 1.31 1.39 1.31 1.22 0.61 0.68 0.74 0.80 2.17 2.02 2.02 2.76 2.30 2.304
FCF/OCF 0.58 0.55 0.51 0.52 0.51 0.58 0.63 0.64 0.61 0.55 0.56 0.50 0.53 0.53 0.48 0.52 0.44 0.43 0.51 0.51 0.513
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.182
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.655
CapEx/Revenue 8.5% 9.2% 9.9% 9.5% 9.3% 8.3% 7.6% 7.6% 8.4% 9.0% 8.5% 7.8% 7.8% 8.1% 9.0% 10.7% 11.2% 10.5% 9.0% 7.3% 7.25%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.922
Accruals Ratio -0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.07 -0.07 -0.05 -0.04 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.05 -0.11 -0.09 -0.09 -0.11 -0.08 -0.081
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.059
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.911
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.39%
Dividend/Share $2.10 $2.19 $2.22 $1.25 $1.63 $2.84 $2.93 $2.96 $2.91 $1.71 $1.78 $1.88 $1.99 $2.08 $2.11 $2.17 $2.17 $2.19 $2.15 $2.20 $1.11
Payout Ratio 73.7% 70.6% 66.2% 35.0% 44.3% 77.7% 81.6% 86.3% 90.0% 52.5% 47.5% 27.4% 28.5% 32.1% 36.0% 84.9% 91.9% 1.0% 1.4% 1.4% 1.41%
FCF Payout Ratio 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 56.7% 78.4% 1.2% 1.1% 1.0% 1.1% 73.1% 69.6% 89.9% 78.8% 82.3% 92.9% 75.8% 1.0% 1.2% 99.5% 1.2% 1.19%
Total Payout Ratio 73.7% 70.8% 66.4% 35.3% 44.6% 79.3% 82.7% 89.3% 92.6% 54.6% 49.3% 28.5% 29.5% 33.7% 38.1% 87.3% 94.9% 1.0% 1.4% 1.4% 1.43%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.77 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.731
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 1.11 1.26 1.51 1.84 1.82 1.84 2.71 2.69 2.72 2.57 1.30 1.08 0.87 0.62 0.59 0.594
EBIT Margin 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.149
Asset Turnover 1.81 1.84 1.79 1.66 1.62 1.57 1.56 1.44 1.12 1.16 1.27 1.22 1.20 1.16 1.10 0.90 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.956
Equity Multiplier 2.37 2.22 2.05 2.30 2.14 2.27 2.10 2.02 1.92 2.05 1.98 1.84 1.66 1.70 1.67 1.64 1.52 1.55 1.54 1.58 1.582
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.84 $3.11 $3.35 $3.56 $3.68 $3.66 $3.59 $3.43 $3.23 $3.25 $3.73 $6.85 $6.97 $6.47 $5.87 $2.56 $2.36 $2.17 $1.54 $1.57 $1.57
Book Value/Share $4.53 $5.37 $6.36 $6.98 $7.67 $6.57 $6.68 $7.57 $12.04 $11.83 $12.53 $16.87 $17.35 $16.54 $16.83 $16.64 $16.36 $15.86 $15.31 $15.43 $15.70
Tangible Book/Share $1.85 $2.62 $3.37 $3.87 $4.15 $3.15 $3.23 $4.02 $2.08 $2.49 $3.44 $7.77 $8.35 $8.04 $6.75 $6.91 $6.97 $6.58 $6.32 $6.54 $6.54
Revenue/Share $17.53 $19.10 $20.24 $21.03 $21.36 $21.13 $21.45 $21.21 $21.02 $21.38 $23.45 $26.71 $28.57 $28.07 $27.07 $24.89 $23.82 $23.60 $23.29 $24.22 $12.37
FCF/Share $2.07 $2.13 $2.06 $2.19 $2.08 $2.42 $2.76 $2.86 $2.73 $2.33 $2.55 $2.09 $2.52 $2.52 $2.27 $2.87 $2.11 $1.90 $2.16 $1.85 $1.35
OCF/Share $3.55 $3.88 $4.07 $4.19 $4.06 $4.18 $4.40 $4.48 $4.50 $4.26 $4.55 $4.18 $4.76 $4.79 $4.72 $5.54 $4.77 $4.38 $4.26 $3.61 $2.03
Cash/Share $0.46 $0.48 $0.49 $0.57 $0.55 $0.56 $0.64 $0.47 $0.81 $0.75 $0.81 $5.63 $2.30 $2.71 $1.23 $1.50 $1.20 $1.13 $1.21 $1.46 $1.47
EBITDA/Share $4.71 $5.15 $5.45 $5.72 $5.88 $5.22 $4.75 $4.06 $3.48 $3.61 $4.03 $4.66 $4.86 $4.65 $4.46 $4.36 $4.69 $5.05 $5.25 $5.51 $5.51
Debt/Share $3.20 $3.32 $3.44 $3.62 $3.84 $5.17 $4.88 $4.95 $6.89 $6.95 $6.69 $8.00 $4.42 $5.21 $5.08 $5.14 $5.01 $5.28 $5.32 $5.56 $5.56
Net Debt/Share $2.74 $2.85 $2.95 $3.05 $3.29 $4.61 $4.25 $4.48 $6.08 $6.20 $5.88 $2.37 $2.12 $2.50 $3.85 $3.64 $3.82 $4.15 $4.11 $4.10 $4.10
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 4 4 6 8 9 5 4 5 4 6 6 6 7 6 7 6 5 5 4 3 3
Beneish M-Score -2.33 -2.55 -2.51 -2.60 -2.35 -2.28 -2.52 -2.84 -2.25 -2.32 -2.18 -0.93 -1.93 -2.05 -2.06 -3.34 -3.17 -3.02 -2.93 -2.53 -2.530
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.922
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 29.91%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-2.02
EVA snapshot only $69424862.89
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 77.75 77.75 77.75 77.75 79.25 74.60 76.25 76.25 74.75 73.40 73.10 80.10 81.75 80.35 75.55 72.75 75.55 73.75 72.40 78.05 78.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 5.300
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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