— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice

EC NYSE

Ecopetrol S.A.
1W: +0.2% 1M: -5.1% 3M: +14.8% YTD: +62.5% 1Y: +80.3% 3Y: +86.2% 5Y: +119.7%
$16.60
+0.33 (+2.03%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.5%
$15 $16 $17 $17 $18
NYSE · Energy · Oil & Gas Integrated · Tech Score Sell · Power 39 · $34.1B mcap · 2.06B float · 0.116% daily turnover · Short 67% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$16
Low
$16
Avg Target
$16
High
Based on 1 analyst since Aug 3, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 3Hold: 6Sell: 2Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$16.00
Analysts1
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-08-14 UBS — $14 $16 +2 -8.8% $17.55
2026-05-27 UBS — $14 $14 +0 -5.0% $14.74
2026-05-05 UBS — Initiated $14 — -2.5% $13.85
2026-02-04 Bradesco — Initiated $12 — +1.1% $11.87
2025-12-01 Goldman Sachs — Initiated $9 — -11.4% $9.82
2024-12-02 Jefferies Alejandro Demichelis Initiated $7 — -15.3% $8.03
2024-08-28 Banco Santander Rodrigo Reis de Almeida Initiated $10 — +1.1% $10.09
2024-04-30 BTG Pactual Daniel Guardiola Initiated $12 — +6.5% $11.74

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. EC receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-12 B B+
2026-07-14 B+ B
2026-07-01 B B+
2026-05-19 C B
2026-05-18 C- C
2026-05-15 B+ C-
2026-05-06 A- B+
2026-05-04 B+ A-
2026-04-24 A- B+
2026-04-01 B A-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
60
Balance Sheet
50
Earnings Quality
65
Growth
42
Value
—
Momentum
73
Safety
—
Cash Flow
43

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-1.39
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.61
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 53.4/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 2.08x
Accruals: -4.8%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. EC scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. EC's score of -1.39 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. EC's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. EC receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 53.4/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). EC's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
8.89x
PEG
28.42x
P/S
0.90x
P/B
1.36x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$74009.58
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 8.9x earnings, EC trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $74009.58 per share, suggesting a potential 445741% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.494
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.762
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.268
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.435
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.528
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
15.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. EC's ROE of 15.5% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.53x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 0.49 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
9.94%
Fair P/E
28.38x
Intrinsic Value
$172849.87
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with EC's realized 9.9% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. EC trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $172849.87, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 28.4x compares to the current market P/E of 8.9x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$16.61
Median 1Y
$16.66
5th Pctile
$8.42
95th Pctile
$32.96
Ann. Volatility
43.7%
Analyst Target
$16.00
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
19,581
0.0% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$5,693,354,260
Rev: $111,481,569,764,000
Profit / Employee
$428,759,130
NI: $8,395,532,523,000
SGA / Employee
$522,321,278
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 19.2% 26.4% 31.6% 40.8% 45.1% 41.9% 46.7% 35.9% 27.9% 21.6% 23.4% 21.4% 18.5% 17.1% 17.7% 14.9% 13.0% 10.7% 11.1% 15.5% 15.52%
ROA 5.8% 8.2% 9.6% 12.6% 12.1% 12.2% 11.5% 9.4% 7.7% 6.2% 5.5% 5.5% 5.0% 4.7% 4.4% 3.9% 3.5% 3.1% 3.0% 4.4% 4.40%
ROIC 9.1% 13.4% 17.0% 20.5% 23.2% 22.0% 23.9% 20.3% 16.8% 15.0% 15.0% 13.4% 13.3% 12.3% 12.6% 11.3% 10.7% 10.1% 10.2% 12.4% 12.42%
ROCE 9.8% 14.4% 18.2% 22.6% 26.3% 24.2% 25.9% 23.2% 20.5% 17.9% 16.7% 15.5% 13.8% 15.5% 15.5% 13.9% 13.2% 10.7% 11.1% 14.1% 14.05%
Gross Margin 37.8% 40.0% 44.8% 47.4% 43.7% 39.6% 41.4% 37.4% 41.3% 33.0% 39.1% 36.9% 34.6% 30.5% 34.0% 28.7% 33.4% 29.5% 38.8% 40.1% 40.10%
Operating Margin 30.4% 33.0% 38.6% 42.4% 39.6% 29.7% 35.3% 30.6% 33.6% 16.1% 31.3% 29.2% 26.9% 28.2% 26.7% 19.0% 24.6% 18.4% 29.9% 31.8% 31.80%
Net Margin 16.3% 15.8% 20.2% 23.9% 21.9% 17.2% 14.6% 11.9% 14.5% 9.8% 12.8% 10.3% 10.5% 8.1% 10.0% 6.1% 8.6% 5.2% 10.1% 15.1% 15.09%
EBITDA Margin 42.0% 44.4% 47.6% 48.9% 47.0% 38.4% 43.5% 40.4% 33.6% 19.7% 31.3% 40.6% 26.9% 34.2% 26.7% 34.1% 38.2% 30.9% 43.2% 40.8% 40.77%
FCF Margin 11.7% 15.6% 13.4% 12.5% 18.2% 16.2% 14.4% 13.1% 4.5% 4.0% 6.6% 17.7% 24.0% 23.2% 22.9% 17.1% 13.7% 13.5% 14.5% 11.4% 11.35%
OCF Margin 19.1% 22.5% 19.6% 18.0% 23.4% 21.9% 20.1% 19.0% 11.0% 10.3% 13.2% 24.8% 30.9% 30.6% 30.3% 24.5% 23.7% 23.6% 25.1% 21.0% 21.04%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 17.06%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 24.54%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.66%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 8.52%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.85%
Cash ROA snapshot only 9.49%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 15.08%
CROIC snapshot only 8.14%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 17.33%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 20.46%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 9.06%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.892
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.899
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.355
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 28.422
Graham Number snapshot only $74009.58
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.69 1.71 1.38 1.46 1.32 1.36 1.14 1.21 1.43 1.58 1.31 1.48 1.68 1.53 1.33 1.45 1.53 1.55 1.26 1.51 1.511
Quick Ratio 1.36 1.43 1.13 1.17 1.11 1.15 1.00 1.05 1.21 1.34 1.12 1.21 1.38 1.28 1.10 1.20 1.26 1.30 1.03 1.24 1.243
Debt/Equity 1.46 1.39 1.38 1.40 1.40 1.26 1.60 1.44 1.40 1.35 1.57 1.56 1.49 1.43 1.53 1.52 1.42 1.30 1.36 1.24 1.235
Net Debt/Equity 1.27 1.15 1.14 1.24 1.20 1.08 1.37 1.28 1.23 1.17 1.33 1.35 1.28 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.25 1.15 1.18 1.10 1.103
Debt/Assets 0.38 0.39 0.37 0.38 0.39 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.369
Debt/EBITDA 2.97 2.33 1.89 1.62 1.51 1.59 1.57 1.63 1.90 2.14 2.57 2.76 2.97 2.71 2.77 3.03 2.73 2.82 2.54 2.13 2.131
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.59 1.94 1.57 1.44 1.29 1.36 1.34 1.44 1.66 1.85 2.17 2.39 2.55 2.37 2.38 2.67 2.40 2.49 2.22 1.90 1.904
Interest Coverage 8.12 9.03 9.35 10.42 11.48 11.45 11.85 8.79 7.09 5.78 4.70 4.73 4.37 4.92 4.58 4.02 4.91 4.09 3.92 4.94 4.942
Equity Multiplier 3.83 3.54 3.77 3.72 3.63 3.37 4.30 3.92 3.65 3.60 4.17 3.88 3.74 3.60 3.88 3.72 3.62 3.39 3.61 3.34 3.345
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.284
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 7.079
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.107
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.139
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1424.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.38 0.48 0.54 0.64 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.435
Inventory Turnover 6.41 8.26 7.25 7.71 8.52 8.82 8.54 8.25 8.03 7.99 7.70 7.71 7.69 8.55 8.07 8.15 8.01 8.78 7.32 7.71 7.715
Receivables Turnover 7.40 8.44 6.91 7.02 6.27 5.76 4.67 4.45 4.28 4.09 3.38 4.12 4.68 5.21 5.17 7.33 7.28 6.99 6.59 7.72 7.716
Payables Turnover 6.72 6.50 7.06 7.63 8.32 6.98 7.84 7.77 7.42 6.11 6.83 7.16 6.98 5.98 7.41 7.64 5.60 5.30 4.46 5.25 5.247
DSO 49 43 53 52 58 63 78 82 85 89 108 88 78 70 71 50 50 52 55 47 47.3 days
DIO 57 44 50 47 43 41 43 44 45 46 47 47 47 43 45 45 46 42 50 47 47.3 days
DPO 54 56 52 48 44 52 47 47 49 60 53 51 52 61 49 48 65 69 82 70 69.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 52 31 51 51 57 52 74 79 82 75 102 85 73 52 67 47 31 25 23 25 25.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.219
Operating Cycle snapshot only 94.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 11.442
Capital Intensity snapshot only 2.219
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 35.1% 82.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 73.6% 54.8% 18.8% -2.4% -10.3% -18.3% -14.4% -9.9% -6.8% -1.6% -2.6% -5.7% -10.5% -12.8% -5.0% -5.04%
Net Income 1.0% 8.9% 3.2% 2.1% 1.8% 1.1% 69.7% 0.8% -31.4% -45.3% -48.9% -39.1% -33.3% -24.2% -22.0% -28.3% -28.7% -35.0% -32.6% 9.9% 9.93%
EPS 1.0% 8.9% 3.2% 2.1% 1.8% 1.1% 69.7% 0.8% -31.4% -45.3% -48.9% -39.1% -33.2% -24.2% -22.0% -28.3% -28.8% -34.3% -32.6% 9.9% 9.94%
FCF 87.3% 5.7% 3.3% 1.2% 2.2% 80.3% 66.1% 24.2% -75.8% -77.8% -62.8% 16.1% 3.8% 4.4% 2.4% -5.9% -46.3% -48.2% -44.9% -36.9% -36.91%
EBITDA 54.6% 1.5% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 78.3% 53.0% 9.1% -19.2% -31.9% -42.8% -37.2% -32.2% -10.4% 1.2% -4.8% 6.7% -12.5% -0.5% 19.9% 19.89%
Op. Income 1.1% 4.0% 2.7% 2.1% 1.9% 1.0% 67.0% 9.1% -18.8% -30.7% -38.5% -30.9% -28.3% -7.7% -1.8% -9.9% -9.0% -30.9% -27.9% -0.8% -0.78%
OCF Growth snapshot only -18.54%
Asset Growth snapshot only -6.73%
Equity Growth snapshot only 3.70%
Debt Growth snapshot only -15.61%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -50.87%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 4.3% 10.2% 15.3% 22.7% 28.6% 30.7% 32.9% 37.0% 39.0% 41.8% 37.3% 28.3% 21.5% 13.2% 7.6% -0.3% -6.1% -9.2% -11.1% -7.5% -7.46%
Revenue 5Y 9.4% 13.6% 15.8% 20.1% 23.0% 23.3% 23.7% 20.7% 17.7% 15.8% 14.2% 13.4% 13.3% 13.3% 13.6% 16.5% 17.9% 18.9% 17.3% 14.3% 14.35%
EPS 3Y -4.6% 11.2% 18.5% 31.1% 39.2% 34.4% 43.4% 50.4% 57.8% 1.3% 54.1% 24.5% 8.9% -4.0% -12.2% -23.9% -31.2% -35.2% -35.5% -21.7% -21.71%
EPS 5Y — 44.9% 45.1% 49.3% 49.3% 36.0% 29.5% 18.6% 10.9% 9.9% 7.6% 6.7% 4.3% 0.1% 3.3% 8.2% 13.3% 41.8% 14.0% 8.7% 8.74%
Net Income 3Y -4.6% 11.2% 18.5% 31.1% 39.2% 34.4% 42.9% 50.4% 57.8% 1.3% 54.1% 24.5% 8.9% -4.0% -12.2% -23.9% -31.2% -35.4% -35.5% -21.7% -21.71%
Net Income 5Y — 44.9% 45.1% 49.3% 49.3% 36.0% 29.5% 18.6% 10.9% 9.9% 7.6% 6.7% 4.3% 0.1% 3.1% 8.2% 13.3% 41.5% 14.0% 8.7% 8.73%
EBITDA 3Y -1.5% 9.1% 15.5% 25.1% 31.7% 32.7% 38.5% 42.6% 42.5% 45.1% 27.9% 17.0% 8.3% 2.8% -4.0% -13.3% -16.4% -18.9% -16.8% -10.5% -10.49%
EBITDA 5Y 64.0% 16.8% 19.4% 23.7% 26.7% 23.6% 22.1% 17.3% 12.3% 9.5% 6.2% 6.0% 4.6% 7.4% 9.0% 11.6% 15.9% 19.1% 16.1% 12.8% 12.81%
Gross Profit 3Y 1.2% 9.8% 17.3% 27.9% 35.9% 38.2% 42.8% 51.4% 56.2% 63.1% 48.6% 30.3% 20.0% 8.9% 0.8% -9.8% -16.0% -18.8% -19.1% -11.4% -11.36%
Gross Profit 5Y 16.3% 20.6% 23.4% 29.0% 31.5% 29.8% 28.3% 21.6% 17.3% 14.9% 13.3% 13.1% 12.3% 12.1% 13.0% 17.9% 20.7% 24.3% 19.5% 14.3% 14.25%
Op. Income 3Y -5.0% 9.8% 18.2% 30.8% 39.1% 41.9% 51.7% 62.4% 72.0% 91.1% 55.7% 32.7% 19.4% 9.0% 0.3% -12.1% -19.1% -23.8% -24.2% -14.8% -14.83%
Op. Income 5Y — 27.2% 28.2% 33.8% 37.1% 30.0% 27.7% 20.2% 15.3% 13.1% 11.2% 11.0% 9.4% 12.8% 16.1% 21.7% 27.1% 34.8% 21.7% 15.9% 15.91%
FCF 3Y -19.1% 6.1% 5.5% 6.9% 15.9% 4.7% 7.8% 21.6% 12.9% 38.8% 38.2% 46.8% 54.4% 29.3% 28.6% 10.7% -14.7% -14.7% -11.0% -11.7% -11.68%
FCF 5Y 12.9% 8.0% 5.6% 7.1% 20.0% 15.5% 13.4% 5.2% -16.4% -13.7% -6.2% 12.0% 12.5% 6.6% 10.0% 14.4% 29.9% 49.6% 38.0% 13.4% 13.45%
OCF 3Y -14.3% -0.3% -0.4% 1.6% 13.7% 9.7% 11.0% 22.7% 19.5% 26.8% 34.8% 37.5% 42.5% 25.4% 24.4% 10.6% -5.7% -6.9% -4.3% -4.3% -4.29%
OCF 5Y 3.1% 9.2% 9.5% 11.4% 22.9% 18.5% 17.0% 10.0% -6.4% -6.8% -3.5% 8.0% 11.3% 9.0% 10.6% 14.8% 25.7% 31.3% 32.0% 15.4% 15.39%
Assets 3Y 24.9% 24.3% 25.1% 28.1% 28.7% 31.8% 28.7% 25.8% 24.9% 27.0% 25.2% 24.2% 6.7% 7.5% 6.2% 3.9% 1.5% -2.5% -2.6% -2.1% -2.12%
Assets 5Y 14.8% 15.3% 15.8% 17.8% 19.2% 21.1% 21.4% 19.2% 18.2% 17.5% 17.6% 18.0% 17.4% 17.6% 15.4% 14.9% 14.8% 15.6% 14.4% 13.0% 12.97%
Equity 3Y 5.7% 6.2% 9.5% 8.9% 9.2% 18.7% 11.4% 13.2% 13.5% 16.2% 8.3% 9.4% 7.5% 6.9% 5.3% 3.9% 1.6% -2.8% 3.3% 3.2% 3.16%
Book Value 3Y 5.7% 6.2% 9.5% 8.9% 9.2% 18.7% 11.7% 13.2% 13.5% 16.2% 8.3% 9.4% 7.5% 6.9% 5.3% 3.9% 1.6% -2.4% 3.3% 3.2% 3.16%
Dividend 3Y -19.6% -30.0% -29.8% 3.1% 43.5% 68.2% 66.9% 6.6% -25.7% -27.4% -27.2% 17.4% 46.2% 44.5% 46.3% -5.6% -13.8% -10.3% -13.3% -21.1% -21.09%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.45 0.40 0.42 0.50 0.53 0.57 0.63 0.70 0.66 0.65 0.62 0.66 0.63 0.62 0.56 0.53 0.40 0.32 0.26 0.33 0.329
Earnings Stability 0.45 0.22 0.39 0.48 0.46 0.42 0.52 0.55 0.39 0.30 0.34 0.37 0.23 0.13 0.11 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.051
Margin Stability 0.82 0.81 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.80 0.86 0.87 0.84 0.81 0.86 0.93 0.91 0.92 0.90 0.85 0.82 0.80 0.85 0.91 0.913
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.87 0.82 0.80 0.84 0.87 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.86 0.87 0.96 0.960
Earnings Smoothness 0.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.28 0.48 0.99 0.63 0.41 0.35 0.51 0.60 0.72 0.75 0.67 0.66 0.58 0.61 0.91 0.905
ROE Trend 0.03 0.09 0.14 0.22 0.27 0.24 0.26 0.09 -0.02 -0.06 -0.13 -0.14 -0.16 -0.13 -0.18 -0.14 -0.10 -0.09 -0.09 -0.03 -0.027
Gross Margin Trend 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.08 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.03 0.01 0.010
FCF Margin Trend -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.01 -0.10 -0.12 -0.07 0.05 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.06 -0.060
Sustainable Growth Rate 11.4% 21.5% 26.7% 28.0% 25.9% 24.5% 26.9% 22.4% 20.8% 15.3% 15.9% 0.0% -3.6% -2.6% -5.1% -2.6% -0.9% -2.9% -2.7% 7.4% 7.37%
Internal Growth Rate 3.5% 7.2% 8.8% 9.4% 7.5% 7.7% 7.1% 6.2% 6.1% 4.6% 3.9% 0.0% — — — — — — — 2.1% 2.13%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.27 1.32 1.10 0.92 1.12 1.05 1.03 1.14 0.75 0.81 1.08 2.08 2.85 2.95 3.12 2.81 2.89 3.13 3.35 2.08 2.081
FCF/OCF 0.61 0.69 0.68 0.69 0.78 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.41 0.39 0.50 0.71 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.70 0.58 0.57 0.58 0.54 0.539
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.123
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.547
CapEx/Revenue 7.4% 6.9% 6.2% 5.5% 5.2% 5.7% 5.7% 6.0% 6.4% 6.3% 6.6% 7.1% 6.9% 7.4% 7.4% 7.4% 10.0% 10.1% 10.7% 9.7% 9.69%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.835
Accruals Ratio -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.06 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.05 -0.048
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.047
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.403
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.91%
Dividend/Share $2216.01 $1414.82 $1458.01 $3937.82 $6544.29 $6727.81 $6707.79 $4774.54 $2683.24 $2570.86 $2593.13 $7727.43 $8392.34 $7764.59 $8124.98 $6507.97 $5374.78 $5610.16 $5297.07 $3197.20 $2119.38
Payout Ratio 40.7% 18.6% 15.7% 31.3% 42.6% 41.4% 42.5% 37.6% 25.5% 29.0% 32.1% 99.9% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.3% 1.2% 52.5% 52.49%
FCF Payout Ratio 52.3% 20.3% 20.9% 49.3% 48.6% 53.5% 57.8% 48.1% 82.4% 92.2% 60.0% 67.1% 53.8% 51.5% 54.6% 60.0% 64.2% 71.0% 64.6% 46.8% 46.75%
Total Payout Ratio 57.3% 96.6% 79.1% 75.5% 78.4% 41.7% 42.7% 38.0% 25.9% 29.2% 32.4% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.3% 1.2% 52.6% 52.62%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.59 0.60 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.51 0.50 0.52 0.51 0.53 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.45 0.48 0.47 0.49 0.494
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.89 0.87 0.88 0.86 0.83 0.83 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.71 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.76 0.762
EBIT Margin 0.28 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.34 0.32 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.26 0.30 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.27 0.268
Asset Turnover 0.38 0.48 0.54 0.64 0.58 0.58 0.59 0.56 0.52 0.49 0.45 0.46 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.45 0.43 0.41 0.40 0.44 0.435
Equity Multiplier 3.33 3.21 3.29 3.25 3.72 3.44 4.05 3.82 3.64 3.47 4.24 3.90 3.70 3.60 4.01 3.80 3.68 3.50 3.74 3.53 3.528
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $5443.37 $7612.06 $9308.04 $12589.43 $15364.94 $16241.34 $15797.41 $12692.59 $10539.21 $8880.15 $8078.53 $7732.14 $7037.53 $6732.62 $6302.14 $5540.89 $5012.64 $4425.38 $4246.51 $6091.53 $6091.53
Book Value/Share $30641.95 $33314.71 $32325.19 $34344.97 $37482.97 $44281.14 $35318.25 $36399.84 $37999.04 $38131.50 $33679.31 $35864.49 $38094.94 $40711.88 $37690.45 $38536.65 $39260.94 $41180.45 $38879.35 $39963.83 $51567.45
Tangible Book/Share $15968.83 $23491.53 $23003.69 $24370.21 $26661.10 $32968.83 $24340.25 $26224.61 $28132.29 $28733.37 $24269.57 $25932.29 $28115.93 $30342.08 $27789.82 $28866.64 $29109.34 $32020.06 $29995.40 $31754.45 $31754.45
Revenue/Share $36175.28 $44692.89 $52118.95 $64007.55 $73787.03 $77587.96 $80691.94 $76029.60 $71988.41 $69598.13 $65924.68 $65106.32 $64891.85 $64854.64 $64885.29 $63446.46 $61127.69 $58735.83 $56614.36 $60251.58 $60251.58
FCF/Share $4236.25 $6966.71 $6992.07 $7993.95 $13463.75 $12563.83 $11614.57 $9927.34 $3257.94 $2788.50 $4324.48 $11521.57 $15597.69 $15064.49 $14881.95 $10839.12 $8370.88 $7900.52 $8195.90 $6838.65 $6838.65
OCF/Share $6922.45 $10062.47 $10232.46 $11519.45 $17284.93 $16998.40 $16250.56 $14459.21 $7887.93 $7153.28 $8690.68 $16114.71 $20049.05 $19865.77 $19683.98 $15564.45 $14494.81 $13860.51 $14225.59 $12678.85 $12678.85
Cash/Share $5799.19 $7868.85 $7611.48 $5471.81 $7370.54 $8056.67 $8357.34 $5952.00 $6723.78 $6905.73 $8206.08 $7465.83 $7951.39 $7250.59 $8089.22 $6975.48 $6680.50 $6161.33 $6724.15 $5265.90 $5265.90
EBITDA/Share $15023.77 $19809.81 $23533.12 $29620.68 $34787.83 $35318.18 $36007.07 $32307.62 $28125.46 $24034.60 $20589.88 $20291.00 $19081.90 $21530.96 $20839.27 $19322.61 $20343.61 $19055.85 $20728.09 $23166.61 $23166.61
Debt/Share $44691.78 $46239.58 $44564.99 $48032.19 $52406.93 $56003.94 $56600.95 $52562.71 $53374.27 $51470.83 $52881.15 $55943.93 $56644.44 $58353.44 $57719.10 $58496.61 $55583.26 $53687.98 $52714.75 $49364.54 $49364.54
Net Debt/Share $38892.59 $38370.73 $36953.51 $42560.39 $45036.39 $47947.27 $48243.61 $46610.72 $46650.49 $44565.10 $44675.07 $48478.10 $48693.05 $51102.85 $49629.88 $51521.12 $48902.76 $47526.64 $45990.60 $44098.64 $44098.64
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 8 6 7 7 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 3 4 4 4 6 6 8 8
Beneish M-Score -0.11 -0.10 -0.23 -0.27 -1.56 -4.62 -1.68 -1.59 -2.00 -2.58 -2.61 -3.18 -3.16 -2.99 -3.21 -3.15 -2.18 -1.94 -1.99 -1.39 -1.393
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.614
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 27.45%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-54064.43
EVA snapshot only $4186726453906.78
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 61.80 62.35 62.91 63.76 64.59 63.45 59.05 58.17 56.23 54.17 48.36 50.79 53.59 54.44 51.85 49.08 52.95 52.48 51.77 53.36 53.356
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only 4.280
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 34
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 54

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