— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: ERIC-B.ST (STO) · $vol 83M · ERIXF (OTC) · $vol 2M · ERIC-A.ST (STO) · $vol 0M · ERCB.DE (XETRA) · $vol 0M · ERIBR.HE (HEL) · $vol 0M · ERCG.DE (XETRA) · $vol 0M

ERIC NASDAQ

Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ)
1W: -0.8% 1M: -7.5% 3M: -14.7% YTD: -2.2% 1Y: +11.4% 3Y: +111.6% 5Y: -5.0%
$9.29
+0.07 (+0.81%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.2%
$9 $9 $9 $10 $10
NASDAQ · Technology · Communication Equipment · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 36 · $30.5B mcap · 2.88B float · 0.378% daily turnover · Short 62% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$9
Low
$9
Avg Target
$9
High
Based on 1 analyst since Jul 14, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 15Hold: 22Sell: 3Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$9.00
Analysts1
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-09-22 Morgan Stanley Terrance Tsul Initiated $9 — -12.2% $10.25
2022-10-24 Goldman Sachs Alexander Duval Initiated $6 — +10.1% $5.54

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
4
ROA
4
D/E
2
P/E
3
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. ERIC receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-05-12 A A-
2026-04-24 A- A
2026-04-21 A A-
2026-03-30 A- A
2026-03-09 A A-
2026-03-02 A- A
2026-01-26 A A-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
57
Balance Sheet
81
Earnings Quality
69
Growth
54
Value
—
Momentum
82
Safety
—
Cash Flow
61

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.65
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.86
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 75.3/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.35x
Accruals: -3.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. ERIC scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. ERIC's score of -2.65 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. ERIC's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. ERIC receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 75.3/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). ERIC's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
12.57x
PEG
0.30x
P/S
1.34x
P/B
2.97x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$71.96
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 12.6x earnings, ERIC trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $71.96 per share, suggesting a potential 675% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.746
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.925
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.155
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.822
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.927
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
25.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. ERIC's ROE of 25.7% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.822), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$283.58
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with ERIC's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. ERIC actually compounded EPS at 26.6% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. ERIC trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $283.58, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 12.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$9.29
Median 1Y
$9.08
5th Pctile
$4.84
95th Pctile
$17.02
Ann. Volatility
36.2%
Analyst Target
$9.00
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
88,826
-5.8% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$2,504,647
Rev: $222,477,766,000
Profit / Employee
$300,836
NI: $26,722,035,000
SGA / Employee
$348,848
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$510,843
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 22.3% 23.7% 22.6% 21.3% 19.8% 15.7% 14.6% 9.2% -19.9% -23.5% -21.9% -33.3% -1.5% 0.2% 1.5% 20.0% 25.8% 27.2% 26.4% 25.7% 25.75%
ROA 7.1% 8.0% 7.7% 7.7% 7.2% 5.8% 5.2% 3.6% -7.3% -8.2% -8.0% -11.7% -0.5% 0.1% 0.5% 6.2% 8.8% 9.6% 8.8% 8.8% 8.80%
ROIC 27.3% 31.2% 37.0% 37.1% 19.3% 18.8% 17.9% 13.6% 14.0% 12.9% 10.8% 14.8% 18.9% 5.6% 13.3% 23.3% 23.0% 24.1% 30.4% 26.5% 26.45%
ROCE 18.9% 18.1% 17.4% 17.4% 15.2% 13.4% 13.5% 9.4% -11.3% -11.1% -10.3% -20.6% 2.6% 4.4% 5.9% 19.2% 23.5% 23.9% 23.3% 22.7% 22.70%
Gross Margin 44.0% 43.5% 42.3% 42.2% 41.4% 41.5% 39.8% 38.3% 39.2% 41.1% 42.7% 43.9% 46.3% 46.3% 48.5% 48.0% 48.1% 48.0% 48.1% 48.4% 48.36%
Operating Margin 15.0% 16.7% 10.6% 11.2% 10.2% 12.7% 6.4% 3.9% 6.2% 10.3% 4.4% 5.4% 11.8% 13.6% 11.3% 12.4% 13.7% 17.1% 10.7% 12.3% 12.31%
Net Margin 10.2% 14.1% 5.3% 7.2% 7.7% 7.1% 2.4% -1.1% -47.6% 4.7% 4.8% -18.6% 6.2% 6.6% 7.5% 8.1% 19.8% 12.4% 1.8% 7.7% 7.68%
EBITDA Margin 19.4% 19.7% 11.8% 14.6% 13.7% 13.1% 9.1% 4.2% 9.4% 12.5% 13.2% -17.3% 13.1% 15.4% 16.3% 16.1% 30.8% 19.4% 6.9% 15.3% 15.28%
FCF Margin 14.3% 15.4% 13.8% 13.6% 9.0% 9.9% 7.5% 4.1% 3.1% 1.3% 5.8% 11.0% 16.3% 17.9% 17.6% 15.8% 13.6% 12.6% 14.2% 13.3% 13.31%
OCF Margin 16.0% 17.0% 15.3% 15.1% 10.4% 11.5% 9.2% 5.7% 4.6% 2.5% 6.9% 12.0% 17.3% 18.8% 18.6% 16.8% 14.6% 13.7% 15.3% 14.4% 14.45%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only -0.03%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 5.45%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.59%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.86%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 17.02%
Cash ROA snapshot only 11.51%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 37.06%
CROIC snapshot only 34.12%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 10.31%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 14.34%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 20.51%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 13.90%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.575
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.345
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.967
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.296
Graham Number snapshot only $71.96
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.30 1.38 1.47 1.60 1.17 1.19 1.13 1.10 1.10 1.20 1.22 1.14 1.19 1.17 1.09 1.09 1.17 1.29 1.12 1.12 1.120
Quick Ratio 1.02 1.10 1.17 1.25 0.82 0.88 0.83 0.78 0.79 0.92 0.94 0.90 0.95 0.96 0.88 0.86 0.94 1.08 0.93 0.89 0.886
Debt/Equity 0.43 0.38 0.43 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.34 0.32 0.44 0.55 0.45 0.57 0.50 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.43 0.42 0.38 0.38 0.379
Net Debt/Equity -0.20 -0.24 -0.37 -0.45 -0.01 -0.04 -0.00 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.06 -0.04 -0.12 -0.09 0.04 -0.07 -0.10 -0.23 -0.14 -0.141
Debt/Assets 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.15 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.137
Debt/EBITDA 1.07 1.02 1.22 0.96 1.06 1.13 1.19 1.46 1.88 2.36 1.99 4.11 3.24 2.77 2.40 1.19 0.95 0.97 0.92 0.94 0.937
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.51 -0.64 -1.03 -1.40 -0.03 -0.13 -0.02 0.40 0.42 0.41 0.32 0.46 -0.29 -0.66 -0.41 0.09 -0.15 -0.22 -0.56 -0.35 -0.347
Interest Coverage 18.20 12.65 11.93 11.16 10.79 10.15 8.80 5.90 -5.07 -4.93 -4.17 -7.05 0.92 1.77 2.30 7.86 11.16 13.62 12.76 13.59 13.589
Equity Multiplier 2.99 2.83 2.90 2.56 2.61 2.63 2.71 2.56 2.87 3.14 2.74 3.32 3.14 3.16 3.23 3.12 2.75 2.55 2.83 2.77 2.767
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.412
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 16.110
Cash to Debt snapshot only 1.370
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.773
Defensive Interval snapshot only 538.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.86 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.822
Inventory Turnover 3.91 4.18 3.80 3.64 3.46 3.94 3.77 3.53 3.37 3.87 3.76 3.70 3.71 4.33 4.23 4.41 4.41 4.71 4.49 4.12 4.123
Receivables Turnover 4.67 4.35 4.34 4.37 4.95 4.85 4.88 4.85 5.02 4.87 4.57 4.53 4.97 4.92 4.89 5.04 5.22 4.66 4.85 5.00 5.000
Payables Turnover 4.23 3.97 4.22 4.12 4.18 4.35 4.72 4.49 4.61 4.82 5.07 4.65 4.83 4.73 5.09 4.96 4.86 4.22 4.51 4.43 4.434
DSO 78 84 84 83 74 75 75 75 73 75 80 81 73 74 75 72 70 78 75 73 73.0 days
DIO 93 87 96 100 105 93 97 103 108 94 97 99 98 84 86 83 83 78 81 89 88.5 days
DPO 86 92 86 89 87 84 77 81 79 76 72 78 76 77 72 74 75 87 81 82 82.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 85 79 94 95 92 84 94 97 102 94 105 101 96 81 89 82 77 69 76 79 79.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 14.394
Operating Cycle snapshot only 161.5 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 4.239
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.255
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 2.2% 3.5% 5.0% 7.9% 14.8% 15.5% 16.8% 12.9% 4.1% -4.6% -9.3% -12.1% -12.1% -4.7% -3.6% -2.6% -2.1% -7.7% -6.5% -5.2% -5.19%
Net Income 41.4% 35.0% 25.0% 21.1% 16.9% -18.2% -23.2% -49.0% -2.0% -2.4% -2.5% -4.0% 94.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.5% 17.6% 115.2% 15.8% 44.2% 44.22%
EPS 41.2% 34.9% 24.9% 21.1% 16.9% -18.3% -23.3% -49.0% -2.0% -2.4% -2.5% -4.0% 94.1% 1.0% 1.1% 1.5% 17.6% 114.9% 15.8% 44.7% 44.70%
FCF 2.3% 58.4% 50.8% 46.1% -27.9% -26.0% -36.8% -65.8% -63.9% -87.9% -29.6% 1.3% 3.6% 12.6% 1.9% 40.5% -18.7% -34.7% -24.2% -20.2% -20.17%
EBITDA 25.2% 13.0% 6.5% 6.5% 3.4% -9.5% -9.8% -29.8% -37.0% -37.1% -31.0% -59.9% -47.2% -28.5% -28.8% 2.1% 2.4% 1.9% 1.4% 14.6% 14.56%
Op. Income 31.2% 16.2% 13.6% 7.6% 5.5% -6.2% -12.6% -28.2% -35.7% -42.9% -44.5% -31.2% -6.0% 29.9% 63.5% 79.2% 54.5% 39.2% 20.0% 5.0% 4.99%
OCF Growth snapshot only -18.59%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.71%
Equity Growth snapshot only 20.27%
Debt Growth snapshot only -9.53%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.33%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 6.66%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.6% 3.7% 3.4% 4.3% 5.6% 6.9% 7.5% 7.7% 6.9% 4.5% 3.6% 2.3% 1.6% 1.7% 0.7% -1.1% -3.6% -5.7% -6.5% -6.7% -6.73%
Revenue 5Y -0.1% 1.2% 2.0% 3.3% 4.7% 6.2% 6.9% 6.7% 5.8% 4.2% 3.2% 2.4% 1.5% 2.1% 1.6% 1.3% 1.0% 0.1% 0.0% -0.2% -0.23%
EPS 3Y — — — 3.8% — 1.2% 1.1% 70.5% — — — — — -78.2% -59.9% -10.6% 1.2% 13.5% 12.2% 26.6% 26.59%
EPS 5Y 13.8% 68.3% — — — — — — — — — — — -33.7% -3.6% 47.4% 11.3% 10.0% 6.3% 4.6% 4.62%
Net Income 3Y — — — 3.8% — 1.2% 1.2% 70.5% — — — — — -78.2% -59.8% -10.6% 1.2% 13.6% 12.3% 26.5% 26.48%
Net Income 5Y 14.1% 68.5% — — — — — — — — — — — -33.7% -3.4% 47.4% 11.4% 10.1% 6.4% 4.6% 4.56%
EBITDA 3Y 97.5% 67.3% 41.9% 35.1% 63.8% 29.6% 30.8% 18.8% -6.6% -13.6% -12.8% -33.0% -29.9% -25.9% -23.7% -3.9% 4.5% 9.1% 6.0% 13.1% 13.12%
EBITDA 5Y 8.8% 21.2% 68.5% — — — 1.4% 1.2% 38.1% 21.7% 12.2% -7.0% 7.9% -0.4% 1.9% 16.2% 8.1% 5.8% 2.8% 1.6% 1.61%
Gross Profit 3Y 12.4% 11.2% 10.2% 10.9% 11.4% 10.9% 10.5% 9.6% 7.0% 3.6% 2.7% 1.6% 2.3% 2.8% 2.8% 1.9% 0.2% -1.1% -1.6% -1.1% -1.08%
Gross Profit 5Y 5.1% 8.3% 11.7% 13.4% 14.8% 17.3% 14.2% 12.3% 9.6% 6.7% 5.6% 5.5% 5.3% 5.9% 5.7% 5.6% 4.7% 3.5% 3.2% 2.3% 2.30%
Op. Income 3Y 1.3% 51.8% 36.6% 31.9% 20.5% 13.3% 10.4% 3.1% -3.8% -14.6% -18.0% -19.0% -13.9% -11.4% -7.4% -4.0% -2.3% 1.1% 2.9% 9.0% 8.98%
Op. Income 5Y 10.3% 22.5% — — — — — — 51.3% 13.4% 4.3% 2.5% 1.2% 1.5% 4.1% 6.2% 5.3% 2.4% 1.6% -0.0% -0.00%
FCF 3Y 39.8% 88.4% 53.5% 44.9% 13.2% 31.9% 25.9% -1.0% -5.2% -47.8% -12.5% 5.3% 6.3% 6.9% 9.0% 3.9% 10.6% 2.5% 15.8% 38.0% 37.95%
FCF 5Y 37.2% 39.4% 28.7% 23.4% 10.0% 37.5% 19.1% 2.5% -6.5% -9.7% 10.0% 19.4% 19.3% 30.5% 32.5% 26.1% 26.1% 4.8% 8.2% 5.6% 5.56%
OCF 3Y 31.9% 62.0% 39.2% 33.8% 9.2% 23.4% 18.6% -1.9% -5.0% -38.0% -12.6% 3.0% 4.2% 5.3% 7.4% 2.6% 7.9% 0.1% 11.0% 27.4% 27.41%
OCF 5Y 17.6% 21.2% 17.9% 17.3% 7.5% 27.5% 15.5% 2.7% -4.8% -7.2% 5.1% 13.6% 14.6% 22.9% 24.3% 19.1% 18.7% 2.9% 6.0% 4.0% 3.96%
Assets 3Y 3.3% 3.6% 4.6% 5.8% 8.2% 8.8% 5.2% 7.5% 3.8% 4.3% 3.8% -0.3% -2.3% -1.0% -5.2% -6.8% -8.1% -7.1% -5.8% -5.8% -5.78%
Assets 5Y 1.1% 1.3% 2.2% 3.7% 6.4% 5.0% 5.9% 5.2% 3.2% 2.3% 1.2% -0.2% -1.1% 2.0% -1.4% -0.5% 0.4% 0.4% 1.3% 0.5% 0.48%
Equity 3Y 0.9% 7.1% 9.8% 15.3% 21.5% 18.2% 16.2% 19.3% 9.3% 4.4% 7.0% -3.5% -4.0% -4.6% -8.5% -12.7% -9.8% -6.1% -7.1% -8.1% -8.13%
Book Value 3Y 0.8% 7.0% 9.7% 15.2% 21.4% 18.1% 16.0% 19.3% 9.3% 4.5% 6.9% -3.5% -4.1% -4.6% -8.6% -12.7% -9.8% -6.2% -7.2% -8.1% -8.06%
Dividend 3Y 41.2% 7.9% 8.0% 7.1% 6.2% 6.3% 6.2% 2.5% 3.3% 1.5% 1.5% 0.2% 0.6% 2.4% 2.3% 1.7% 1.8% -1.5% -1.5% 2.1% 2.14%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.02 0.44 0.82 0.88 0.76 0.87 0.87 0.91 0.91 0.82 0.66 0.54 0.37 0.43 0.23 0.11 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.036
Earnings Stability 0.23 0.51 0.84 0.84 0.90 0.84 0.84 0.69 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.14 0.05 0.17 0.17 0.07 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.01 0.010
Margin Stability 0.89 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.921
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.86 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.91 0.80 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.66 0.70 0.78 0.81 0.84 0.80 0.74 0.35 — — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.638
ROE Trend 0.18 0.10 0.09 0.06 -0.02 -0.06 -0.07 -0.11 -0.41 -0.45 -0.41 -0.57 0.01 0.07 0.07 0.37 0.36 0.39 0.35 0.35 0.354
Gross Margin Trend 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.00 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.037
FCF Margin Trend 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 -0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.08 -0.09 -0.11 -0.05 0.02 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.08 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.00 -0.001
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.9% 16.5% 15.6% 14.0% 13.1% 8.7% 7.5% 2.5% — — — — — -9.6% -8.2% 9.0% 15.8% 18.3% 16.7% 15.3% 15.34%
Internal Growth Rate 5.0% 5.9% 5.6% 5.4% 5.0% 3.3% 2.8% 1.0% — — — — — — — 2.9% 5.7% 6.9% 5.9% 5.5% 5.53%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.85 1.74 1.62 1.59 1.18 1.67 1.47 1.32 -0.51 -0.24 -0.68 -0.82 -28.64 196.32 30.98 2.39 1.43 1.14 1.42 1.35 1.351
FCF/OCF 0.89 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.86 0.86 0.82 0.73 0.68 0.50 0.84 0.91 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.93 0.92 0.921
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.244
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.786
CapEx/Revenue 1.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.7% 1.7% 1.6% 1.5% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.0% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 1.14%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.398
Accruals Ratio -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.01 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.11 -0.10 -0.13 -0.21 -0.15 -0.15 -0.15 -0.09 -0.04 -0.01 -0.04 -0.03 -0.031
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.005
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.643
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.22%
Dividend/Share $1.99 $2.12 $2.11 $2.44 $2.38 $2.54 $2.54 $2.63 $2.63 $2.67 $2.66 $2.65 $2.68 $2.86 $2.85 $2.79 $2.83 $2.73 $2.73 $2.98 $3.00
Payout Ratio 33.0% 30.5% 31.0% 34.3% 33.9% 44.8% 48.5% 72.5% — — — — — 39.9% 6.5% 54.8% 38.8% 32.9% 36.8% 40.4% 40.42%
FCF Payout Ratio 20.1% 19.3% 21.2% 24.0% 33.4% 31.4% 40.3% 75.6% 1.0% 2.7% 59.9% 32.6% 22.6% 21.4% 22.1% 24.4% 29.3% 31.4% 27.9% 32.5% 32.49%
Total Payout Ratio 33.0% 30.5% 31.0% 34.3% 33.9% 44.8% 48.5% 72.5% — — — — — 39.9% 6.5% 54.8% 38.8% 32.9% 36.8% 54.2% 54.23%
Div. Increase Streak 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.69 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.81 0.76 0.76 0.79 1.13 1.13 1.16 1.02 6.43 0.08 0.32 0.69 0.71 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.746
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.93 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.84 1.19 1.20 1.23 1.14 -0.06 0.40 0.54 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.925
EBIT Margin 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.07 -0.07 -0.08 -0.07 -0.13 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.12 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.15 0.155
Asset Turnover 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.79 0.80 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.88 0.86 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.822
Equity Multiplier 3.15 2.97 2.95 2.75 2.76 2.72 2.80 2.56 2.72 2.85 2.73 2.86 2.99 3.15 2.96 3.22 2.93 2.83 3.02 2.93 2.927
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $6.01 $6.94 $6.83 $7.11 $7.02 $5.67 $5.24 $3.63 $-7.37 $-8.14 $-7.79 $-10.89 $-0.44 $0.07 $0.44 $5.09 $7.28 $8.30 $7.41 $7.37 $7.37
Book Value/Share $29.22 $32.57 $33.59 $38.86 $41.77 $39.67 $38.17 $40.19 $32.39 $29.61 $32.99 $25.12 $25.81 $28.32 $25.67 $25.89 $30.67 $32.78 $30.47 $31.24 $31.62
Tangible Book/Share $15.76 $18.93 $19.66 $24.02 $4.39 $5.94 $4.03 $4.24 $6.10 $5.52 $7.47 $4.83 $6.57 $7.71 $6.91 $8.03 $13.40 $15.91 $13.25 $13.73 $13.73
Revenue/Share $69.17 $71.12 $72.15 $74.90 $79.38 $82.14 $84.24 $84.66 $82.72 $78.48 $76.34 $74.36 $72.51 $74.73 $73.47 $72.39 $71.08 $68.82 $68.66 $68.86 $68.68
FCF/Share $9.88 $10.94 $9.99 $10.18 $7.13 $8.09 $6.31 $3.48 $2.58 $0.98 $4.44 $8.14 $11.84 $13.35 $12.90 $11.44 $9.65 $8.69 $9.78 $9.16 $9.36
OCF/Share $11.10 $12.06 $11.07 $11.29 $8.27 $9.45 $7.71 $4.80 $3.78 $1.96 $5.27 $8.93 $12.54 $14.07 $13.68 $12.18 $10.38 $9.46 $10.53 $9.95 $10.14
Cash/Share $18.46 $20.06 $26.81 $29.18 $13.07 $13.85 $13.00 $9.26 $11.05 $13.43 $12.33 $12.75 $14.12 $16.95 $14.84 $12.06 $15.25 $16.95 $18.77 $16.25 $16.33
EBITDA/Share $11.66 $12.14 $11.89 $12.40 $12.05 $10.98 $10.73 $8.72 $7.60 $6.92 $7.40 $3.50 $4.00 $4.94 $5.26 $11.01 $13.77 $14.21 $12.75 $12.65 $12.65
Debt/Share $12.51 $12.32 $14.53 $11.84 $12.75 $12.43 $12.82 $12.77 $14.29 $16.30 $14.72 $14.36 $12.97 $13.68 $12.65 $13.06 $13.13 $13.78 $11.69 $11.85 $11.85
Net Debt/Share $-5.95 $-7.74 $-12.28 $-17.33 $-0.33 $-1.43 $-0.18 $3.51 $3.23 $2.87 $2.39 $1.60 $-1.15 $-3.27 $-2.18 $1.00 $-2.12 $-3.17 $-7.08 $-4.39 $-4.39
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 5 6 6 5 5 5 4 5 4 4 5 6 7 6 7 6 6 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.77 -2.74 -2.63 -2.65 -2.19 -2.45 -2.28 -2.12 -3.11 -3.06 -3.35 -3.93 -3.53 -3.34 -3.44 -2.99 -2.66 -2.62 -2.68 -2.65 -2.647
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.861
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 1.12%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-10.82
EVA snapshot only $14674830268.53
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 73.64 73.29 73.29 75.65 74.07 74.96 66.98 57.32 38.82 34.42 45.45 44.04 48.01 55.75 58.25 70.66 75.82 75.89 74.46 75.32 75.324
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 4.669
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 68
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 60

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