— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: EXX.JO (JNB) · $vol 8M

EXXAF OTC

Exxaro Resources Limited
1W: -10.4% 1M: -18.4% 3M: -19.6% YTD: -2.8% 1Y: +415.5% 3Y: +54.1% 5Y: +68.9%
$10.00
-0.95 (-8.68%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.3%
$9 $9 $10 $11 $11
OTC · Energy · Coal · Tech Score Sell · Power 38 · $2.3B mcap · 177M float · 0.0007% daily turnover · Short 94% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. EXXAF receives an overall rating of A. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-28 None ADDED
2026-09-26 EXISTED None
2026-09-19 None ADDED
2026-09-19 EXISTED None
2026-09-15 None ADDED
2026-09-13 EXISTED None
2026-09-09 None ADDED
2026-09-09 EXISTED None
2026-09-01 None ADDED
2026-08-30 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
63
Balance Sheet
88
Earnings Quality
84
Growth
28
Value
—
Momentum
58
Safety
—
Cash Flow
54

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-0.74
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.20
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 81.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.31x
Accruals: -4.7%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. EXXAF scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. EXXAF's score of -0.74 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. EXXAF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. EXXAF receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 81.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). EXXAF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
5.97x
PEG
-0.38x
P/S
0.92x
P/B
0.71x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$579.33
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 6.0x earnings, EXXAF trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $579.33 per share, suggesting a potential 5693% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.612
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.134
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.250
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.875
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.819
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
27.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. EXXAF's ROE of 27.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.875), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$537.42
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with EXXAF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. EXXAF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $537.42, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 6.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$10.00
Median 1Y
$1.24
5th Pctile
$0.04
95th Pctile
$40.76
Ann. Volatility
210.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 17.0% 24.3% 31.0% 32.7% 33.5% 37.0% 41.9% 42.6% 39.3% 43.8% 53.4% 57.5% 61.5% 53.2% 54.3% 42.2% 37.6% 32.8% 28.3% 27.6% 27.64%
ROA 11.1% 16.1% 20.2% 21.7% 20.8% 24.5% 23.9% 23.4% 22.0% 25.9% 27.4% 29.4% 32.1% 28.8% 29.5% 23.5% 21.1% 18.5% 15.6% 15.2% 15.19%
ROIC 14.6% 11.7% 10.3% 10.9% 11.0% 13.2% 18.1% 14.9% 12.7% 16.1% 21.3% 30.8% 41.4% 44.9% 49.3% 39.9% 35.3% 31.7% 27.5% 21.2% 21.24%
ROCE 19.1% 21.4% 22.1% 24.5% 25.1% 19.2% 15.1% 7.4% 0.8% 0.8% 1.0% 1.4% 1.8% 2.0% 6.6% 10.1% 20.8% 24.8% 21.9% 22.1% 22.14%
Gross Margin 29.7% 31.8% 31.8% 85.6% 85.6% 20.3% 8.9% 18.3% 14.0% 19.7% 30.1% 40.8% 28.8% 31.5% 22.4% 57.1% 1.1% 58.3% 15.2% 17.4% 17.45%
Operating Margin 22.0% 4.3% 4.3% 22.4% 22.4% 16.3% 11.3% 18.3% 13.8% 19.7% 30.1% 40.8% 28.8% 31.5% 24.1% 19.5% 18.0% 20.1% 15.2% 17.4% 17.45%
Net Margin 27.2% 26.2% 26.2% 27.6% 27.6% 44.0% 24.0% 30.8% 19.9% 54.3% 25.2% 36.9% 23.2% 31.2% 27.5% 19.4% 18.6% 20.1% 16.2% 14.8% 14.75%
EBITDA Margin 28.3% 10.8% 10.8% 28.8% 28.8% 28.9% 22.1% 35.9% 17.6% 27.7% 39.6% 47.9% 36.7% 38.0% 29.6% 25.8% 53.3% 27.1% 22.8% 25.1% 25.15%
FCF Margin 4.4% 2.8% 1.4% -6.3% -13.2% -9.8% -7.3% 5.6% 14.0% 20.3% 35.1% 38.9% 43.8% 42.7% 37.6% 30.7% 24.3% 19.0% 13.2% 14.8% 14.81%
OCF Margin 17.7% 17.2% 16.7% 11.6% 6.9% 11.6% 15.8% 25.2% 31.0% 33.7% 44.3% 46.2% 49.0% 47.3% 42.7% 36.4% 28.2% 24.3% 19.9% 22.8% 22.77%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 39.69%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 38.78%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 21.83%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 35.00%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 18.01%
Cash ROA snapshot only 18.73%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 34.26%
CROIC snapshot only 22.29%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 14.11%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 28.38%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.96%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.21%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.968
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.922
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.712
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $579.33
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.34 1.40 2.70 1.58 1.22 2.09 1.81 1.27 0.90 2.15 2.63 3.87 4.21 4.09 4.29 4.96 4.80 3.77 5.10 2.95 2.947
Quick Ratio 1.20 1.10 2.45 1.26 0.99 1.66 1.47 1.06 0.72 1.75 2.29 3.52 3.88 3.74 3.93 4.46 4.38 3.42 4.66 2.47 2.466
Debt/Equity 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.24 0.42 0.37 0.28 0.27 0.23 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.18 0.23 0.24 0.240
Net Debt/Equity 0.04 0.12 -0.00 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.17 0.28 0.28 0.18 0.09 -0.03 -0.11 -0.15 -0.20 -0.19 -0.22 -0.22 -0.21 0.03 0.025
Debt/Assets 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.12 0.20 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.128
Debt/EBITDA 0.66 0.71 0.79 0.56 0.61 0.41 0.61 1.05 1.01 0.75 0.58 0.42 0.31 0.28 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.35 0.48 0.48 0.482
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.14 0.48 -0.00 0.28 0.39 0.03 0.42 0.69 0.78 0.48 0.20 -0.05 -0.17 -0.22 -0.33 -0.36 -0.40 -0.44 -0.44 0.05 0.051
Interest Coverage 6.29 6.72 7.11 7.79 8.51 8.21 7.42 3.61 0.34 0.33 0.39 0.61 0.90 0.95 2.99 3.32 7.79 11.90 12.89 21.02 21.023
Equity Multiplier 1.67 1.55 1.56 1.54 1.55 1.48 1.98 2.10 2.03 1.94 1.91 1.83 1.82 1.78 1.78 1.76 1.75 1.76 1.84 1.88 1.875
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.646
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 27.067
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.895
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.953
Defensive Interval snapshot only 235.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.81 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.85 0.86 0.96 0.99 1.00 0.93 0.88 0.87 0.84 0.87 0.875
Inventory Turnover 26.58 25.10 26.36 18.34 14.57 13.35 18.12 20.97 27.03 26.39 28.36 27.90 30.65 28.80 29.94 24.91 16.75 12.89 13.17 14.32 14.324
Receivables Turnover 19.22 19.08 18.91 19.93 18.50 23.13 18.92 22.63 19.25 23.36 22.07 21.45 23.01 22.52 26.05 20.57 19.23 20.32 20.91 22.17 22.165
Payables Turnover 30.84 10.98 29.94 9.76 17.19 7.48 23.07 17.69 33.58 23.63 44.78 55.24 38.03 40.40 40.12 51.21 20.47 18.99 16.50 21.52 21.519
DSO 19 19 19 18 20 16 19 16 19 16 17 17 16 16 14 18 19 18 17 16 16.5 days
DIO 14 15 14 20 25 27 20 17 14 14 13 13 12 13 12 15 22 28 28 25 25.5 days
DPO 12 33 12 37 21 49 16 21 11 15 8 7 10 9 9 7 18 19 22 17 17.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 21 0 21 1 24 -6 24 13 22 14 21 23 18 20 17 25 23 27 23 25 25.0 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.066
Operating Cycle snapshot only 41.9 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 7.190
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.215
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 30.9% 28.2% 25.9% 24.4% 23.1% 18.0% 17.7% 14.1% 13.0% 17.9% 19.1% 32.6% 43.9% 42.3% 37.4% 16.4% 0.7% -1.5% -2.2% 5.1% 5.11%
Net Income 12.0% 2.7% 20.9% 3.6% 1.2% 73.7% 34.4% 33.0% 21.7% 22.5% 26.6% 44.8% 66.2% 27.6% 25.6% -14.1% -28.0% -27.9% -38.7% -27.5% -27.53%
EPS 11.4% 2.8% 21.4% 4.0% 1.4% 82.6% 85.8% 72.7% 58.1% 61.7% 31.4% 50.2% 72.7% 31.8% 25.6% -14.1% -28.0% -27.6% -36.8% -25.1% -25.05%
FCF 1.3% 1.3% 1.6% -8.7% -4.7% -5.1% -7.1% 2.0% 2.2% 3.4% 6.7% 8.2% 3.5% 2.0% 47.2% -8.1% -44.2% -56.2% -65.6% -49.3% -49.27%
EBITDA 2.1% 1.4% 96.6% 27.7% -1.8% 31.1% 65.5% 66.7% 43.8% 23.2% 34.6% 60.4% 1.2% 1.2% 72.4% 9.0% -3.4% -16.5% -16.6% 3.5% 3.49%
Op. Income 10.1% 14.8% 47.7% 60.2% -13.9% 22.3% 66.1% 45.7% 21.5% 12.1% 38.9% 1.2% 2.0% 2.0% 1.1% 9.5% -24.4% -39.2% -43.6% -28.9% -28.91%
OCF Growth snapshot only -34.26%
Asset Growth snapshot only 13.43%
Equity Growth snapshot only 6.47%
Debt Growth snapshot only 49.93%
Shares Change snapshot only -3.31%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -53.82%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 93.2% 55.9% 34.1% 22.1% 21.3% 20.8% 23.5% 26.0% 25.6% 24.4% 20.8% 17.9% 18.3% 17.0% 17.5% 17.51%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.7% 44.1% 30.1% 21.4% 20.1% 18.8% 18.2% 18.16%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 74.5% 52.9% 59.0% 61.3% 1.2% — 1.4% 86.7% 57.3% 45.3% 30.6% 25.3% 15.5% 1.4% -1.1% -1.10%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 62.5% 42.6% 39.0% 39.2% 60.8% — 53.0% 52.98%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 70.2% 36.1% 41.6% 43.7% 99.2% — 1.1% 63.9% 39.5% 28.8% 18.3% 13.4% 4.0% -0.9% -3.4% -3.39%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 50.4% 32.0% 28.7% 28.9% 48.7% — 40.6% 40.59%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — 98.6% 65.3% 68.5% 62.9% 57.9% 63.6% 50.6% 45.0% 53.7% 56.6% 42.9% 44.2% 32.3% 24.6% 21.9% 21.86%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 85.0% 60.0% 52.9% 55.2% 49.2% 44.5% 31.0% 30.96%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 1.9% 1.2% 64.8% 16.2% 7.6% 13.1% 22.4% 25.5% 28.2% 24.8% 9.6% 15.1% 21.8% 24.5% 35.0% 35.02%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 86.7% 61.5% 48.9% 53.1% 48.1% 40.8% 31.9% 31.94%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 88.3% 55.8% 1.2% — — — 71.7% 45.9% 59.5% 68.2% 51.2% 39.8% 26.4% 17.3% 19.0% 19.02%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 85.8% 61.1% 92.7% — — — 31.5% 31.53%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — 3.2% 1.7% 2.1% 2.7% — — — — 62.4% 62.41%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.0% 1.02%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 2.0% 1.7% 1.2% 1.0% 79.2% 79.8% 77.0% 77.1% 75.9% 70.0% 76.9% 88.2% 51.2% 26.2% 13.6% 13.64%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% 1.4% 88.1% 60.7% 42.2% 28.5% 27.3% 27.30%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 14.9% 11.6% 19.7% 18.3% 14.4% 12.9% 16.0% 12.4% 15.3% 14.1% 14.5% 13.3% 13.2% 14.2% 9.3% 9.31%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.7% 13.4% 14.6% 14.8% 13.5% 14.3% 14.4% 14.43%
Equity 3Y — — — — — 15.0% -1.4% 4.5% 4.1% 4.3% 4.1% 7.6% 9.3% 10.2% 9.2% 9.6% 8.9% 6.8% 16.9% 13.5% 13.53%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — 17.9% 10.8% 17.3% 16.8% 17.3% 18.5% 22.5% 24.5% 24.3% 23.2% 21.1% 20.3% 18.6% 19.7% 16.2% 16.22%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — 11.6% 55.3% 69.9% 86.0% 98.0% 48.2% 43.5% 41.3% 20.6% 9.6% 6.2% -8.6% -8.3% -13.2% -21.8% -21.76%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.93 0.95 0.98 1.00 0.91 0.94 0.96 0.99 1.00 1.00 0.96 0.91 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.94 0.93 0.94 0.97 0.972
Earnings Stability — 0.65 0.20 0.44 0.81 0.86 0.55 0.74 0.92 0.93 0.74 0.87 0.92 0.96 0.84 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.58 0.45 0.455
Margin Stability — 0.71 0.73 0.53 0.40 0.45 0.56 0.62 0.33 0.41 0.60 0.75 0.45 0.46 0.58 0.67 0.41 0.45 0.56 0.75 0.746
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.82 0.50 0.89 0.90 0.94 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.89 0.890
Earnings Smoothness 0.89 0.00 — 0.00 0.26 0.46 0.71 0.72 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.63 0.50 0.76 0.77 0.85 0.67 0.68 0.52 0.68 0.681
ROE Trend — 0.15 0.21 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.31 0.24 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.08 0.00 -0.09 -0.13 -0.16 -0.21 -0.19 -0.193
Gross Margin Trend — 0.11 0.09 0.23 0.36 0.31 0.21 -0.05 -0.30 -0.29 -0.19 -0.12 -0.07 -0.03 -0.04 0.04 0.33 0.38 0.34 0.18 0.183
FCF Margin Trend — 0.25 0.20 0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.07 0.08 0.18 0.24 0.38 0.39 0.43 0.37 0.24 0.08 -0.05 -0.12 -0.23 -0.20 -0.200
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.4% 18.2% 23.5% 25.7% 27.1% 30.1% 21.8% 18.6% 11.4% 7.3% 8.7% 12.7% 11.4% 10.6% 21.1% 8.2% 13.5% 12.3% 11.1% 13.9% 13.90%
Internal Growth Rate 8.9% 13.7% 18.1% 20.5% 20.3% 24.8% 14.2% 11.4% 6.8% 4.5% 4.7% 6.9% 6.3% 6.1% 13.0% 4.8% 8.2% 7.5% 6.5% 8.3% 8.27%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.16 0.81 0.63 0.43 0.26 0.37 0.52 0.81 1.07 1.04 1.37 1.35 1.46 1.62 1.44 1.44 1.18 1.14 1.07 1.31 1.311
FCF/OCF 0.25 0.16 0.08 -0.54 -1.90 -0.84 -0.46 0.22 0.45 0.60 0.79 0.84 0.89 0.90 0.88 0.84 0.86 0.78 0.66 0.65 0.650
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.853
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.706
CapEx/Revenue 13.3% 14.4% 15.3% 17.8% 20.1% 21.4% 23.2% 19.6% 17.0% 13.4% 9.2% 7.3% 5.2% 4.5% 5.1% 5.7% 6.5% 7.8% 9.1% 10.3% 10.35%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.438
Accruals Ratio -0.02 0.03 0.08 0.12 0.15 0.15 0.11 0.05 -0.02 -0.01 -0.10 -0.10 -0.15 -0.18 -0.13 -0.10 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 -0.05 -0.047
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.128
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.199
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.97%
Dividend/Share $4.51 $6.43 $8.22 $8.17 $7.59 $8.71 $29.98 $36.81 $44.82 $62.63 $68.73 $76.53 $88.82 $79.14 $62.93 $68.05 $50.21 $44.72 $39.66 $31.43 $17.00
Payout Ratio 26.9% 25.3% 24.5% 21.6% 19.0% 18.8% 48.0% 56.3% 71.0% 83.4% 83.7% 77.9% 81.5% 80.0% 61.0% 80.7% 64.0% 62.5% 60.8% 49.7% 49.70%
FCF Payout Ratio 93.3% 1.9% 4.6% — — — — 3.1% 1.5% 1.3% 77.2% 68.4% 62.4% 54.6% 48.0% 66.2% 63.2% 70.1% 85.3% 58.3% 58.30%
Total Payout Ratio 27.2% 61.3% 78.8% 74.8% 71.2% 46.8% 55.3% 63.5% 77.0% 92.0% 94.6% 85.9% 90.3% 86.8% 65.3% 87.4% 69.0% 67.6% 72.0% 61.4% 61.41%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.78 0.96 1.09 1.04 1.00 1.16 1.21 1.34 2.07 2.37 1.93 1.54 1.17 0.91 0.74 0.67 0.62 0.56 0.62 0.61 0.612
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.77 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.89 1.09 1.34 2.36 13.97 13.60 14.17 14.62 15.22 15.98 5.84 3.52 1.64 1.38 1.17 1.13 1.134
EBIT Margin 0.26 0.28 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.25 0.19 0.10 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.11 0.23 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.250
Asset Turnover 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.81 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.75 0.76 0.79 0.85 0.86 0.96 0.99 1.00 0.93 0.88 0.87 0.84 0.87 0.875
Equity Multiplier 1.53 1.51 1.53 1.51 1.61 1.51 1.75 1.82 1.78 1.69 1.94 1.96 1.91 1.85 1.84 1.79 1.78 1.77 1.81 1.82 1.819
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $16.74 $25.41 $33.61 $37.84 $39.91 $46.41 $62.45 $65.36 $63.10 $75.06 $82.08 $98.18 $108.95 $98.90 $103.11 $84.36 $78.48 $71.58 $65.19 $63.23 $63.23
Book Value/Share $100.49 $107.04 $115.57 $120.79 $128.36 $138.00 $138.58 $150.31 $154.55 $160.76 $163.68 $185.56 $193.84 $205.57 $216.31 $214.26 $223.52 $230.20 $237.44 $235.92 $304.79
Tangible Book/Share $100.40 $106.97 $115.52 $120.75 $128.32 $137.95 $138.52 $138.23 $142.21 $148.72 $151.56 $173.81 $182.41 $194.49 $204.76 $203.27 $212.76 $219.07 $226.36 $221.83 $221.83
Revenue/Share $109.88 $119.51 $125.97 $141.13 $148.17 $148.26 $204.98 $209.15 $217.45 $230.74 $253.64 $287.65 $325.01 $339.27 $348.52 $334.85 $327.38 $335.70 $351.72 $363.99 $185.13
FCF/Share $4.83 $3.37 $1.78 $-8.82 $-19.53 $-14.50 $-15.04 $11.73 $30.46 $46.76 $89.05 $111.83 $142.41 $144.98 $131.15 $102.75 $79.49 $63.81 $46.47 $53.91 $29.99
OCF/Share $19.41 $20.53 $21.09 $16.36 $10.26 $17.22 $32.48 $52.64 $67.45 $77.73 $112.28 $132.95 $159.37 $160.33 $148.98 $121.90 $92.28 $81.58 $69.89 $82.87 $53.48
Cash/Share $14.55 $5.97 $19.04 $7.96 $6.38 $13.83 $10.74 $21.66 $12.74 $15.68 $29.14 $46.45 $61.32 $68.67 $82.22 $76.44 $85.03 $90.95 $105.36 $50.62 $51.38
EBITDA/Share $27.98 $26.48 $24.18 $27.91 $30.09 $36.50 $55.34 $60.44 $56.24 $59.36 $77.35 $100.56 $126.03 $137.83 $133.43 $109.62 $121.78 $115.63 $114.74 $117.32 $117.32
Debt/Share $18.49 $18.75 $19.00 $15.67 $18.24 $15.08 $33.89 $63.63 $56.66 $44.26 $44.53 $41.77 $39.63 $38.81 $38.81 $36.48 $35.81 $40.38 $55.04 $56.56 $56.56
Net Debt/Share $3.94 $12.77 $-0.04 $7.71 $11.86 $1.25 $23.15 $41.97 $43.93 $28.58 $15.39 $-4.68 $-21.70 $-29.86 $-43.41 $-39.96 $-49.21 $-50.57 $-50.32 $5.94 $5.94
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 6 8 7 7 5 4 6 7 8 9 9 9 8 8 6 6 5 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.49 -2.07 -2.04 -2.18 -1.53 -1.60 -0.04 -0.05 0.22 -1.76 -3.38 -2.73 -3.06 -3.23 -2.66 -3.25 -3.00 -2.95 -1.93 -0.74 -0.738
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.197
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 38.61%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-51.43
EVA snapshot only $6359216879.25
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 70.15 69.25 75.95 70.40 67.25 72.65 69.40 63.00 57.75 59.25 59.25 60.25 60.25 60.25 67.75 71.50 77.75 80.25 79.25 81.75 81.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 10.250
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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