— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: FRE.DE (XETRA) · $vol 56M · FSNUY (OTC) · $vol 2M · FRE.SW (SIX) · $vol 0M

FSNUF OTC

Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: -2.8% 1Y: -4.9% 3Y: +80.7% 5Y: +17.7%
$54.35
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Healthcare · Medical - Care Facilities · Tech Score Sell · Power 43 · $30.6B mcap · 411M float · 0.0000% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. FSNUF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROA (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A- B+
2026-08-28 B+ A-
2026-08-21 A- B+
2026-08-14 B+ A-
2026-07-01 None ADDED
2026-03-08 EXISTED None
2026-03-02 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
29
Balance Sheet
56
Earnings Quality
68
Growth
60
Value
—
Momentum
88
Safety
—
Cash Flow
54

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.47
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.63
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 62.4/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.95x
Accruals: -3.5%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. FSNUF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. FSNUF's score of -2.47 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. FSNUF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. FSNUF receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 62.4/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). FSNUF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
15.87x
PEG
0.43x
P/S
1.05x
P/B
1.25x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$46.10
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 15.9x earnings, FSNUF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $46.10 per share, 18% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.693
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.966
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.097
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.564
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.190
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
8.0%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. FSNUF's ROE of 8.0% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.564), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.25%
Fair P/E
9.00x
Intrinsic Value
$24.34
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with FSNUF's realized 0.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. FSNUF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $24.34, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 9.0x compares to the current market P/E of 15.9x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$54.35
Median 1Y
$51.17
5th Pctile
$26.82
95th Pctile
$97.90
Ann. Volatility
38.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 9.8% 10.1% 10.5% 10.8% 11.2% 10.7% 9.8% 7.3% 2.6% -2.4% -3.3% -5.7% -2.0% 2.4% 2.2% 6.0% 6.1% 6.5% 7.5% 8.0% 8.03%
ROA 2.5% 2.6% 2.8% 2.8% 2.9% 2.9% 2.6% 2.0% 0.7% -0.8% -1.1% -1.9% -0.7% 1.1% 1.0% 2.7% 2.7% 3.0% 3.4% 3.7% 3.67%
ROIC 7.2% 7.4% 6.9% 6.3% 6.0% 5.8% 5.5% 4.7% 5.0% 2.9% 2.2% 1.5% 2.3% 3.7% 4.2% 5.4% 5.3% 5.6% 5.4% 5.6% 5.61%
ROCE 7.5% 7.5% 7.1% 6.5% 5.2% 4.8% 4.4% 3.3% 4.2% 3.5% 3.7% 4.1% 4.5% 5.7% 5.9% 7.1% 7.2% 6.9% 6.7% 7.0% 6.96%
Gross Margin 27.1% 27.2% 26.3% 26.7% 25.9% 26.2% 24.6% 22.5% 23.1% 22.8% 25.7% 22.4% 25.4% 25.1% 25.0% 26.1% 23.7% 24.8% 26.4% 26.1% 26.07%
Operating Margin 10.8% 11.3% 9.3% 8.4% 8.5% 8.2% 7.7% 5.2% 6.3% 3.2% 11.2% 4.9% 9.2% 8.3% 12.2% 10.0% 8.5% 8.6% 10.8% 10.5% 10.48%
Net Margin 4.4% 5.0% 6.2% 5.6% 5.3% 3.8% 4.5% 0.8% -7.4% -10.8% 5.2% -6.8% 6.1% 4.3% 4.1% 5.9% 6.3% 5.9% 7.5% 6.4% 6.43%
EBITDA Margin 17.8% 20.0% 16.4% 15.3% 11.3% 11.1% 14.6% 4.0% 12.0% 14.2% 16.2% 10.4% 14.1% 16.8% 16.8% 14.8% 14.0% 13.7% 15.5% 14.8% 14.84%
FCF Margin 8.2% 8.1% 6.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.9% 7.9% 9.7% 11.7% 13.8% 10.1% 7.3% 7.5% 5.6% 5.4% 5.1% 6.3% 6.2% 6.18%
OCF Margin 12.8% 13.5% 11.8% 10.5% 10.3% 10.3% 10.3% 10.7% 12.5% 14.0% 15.9% 17.3% 14.5% 11.2% 11.3% 9.9% 9.8% 11.3% 12.7% 12.7% 12.66%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.68%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 5.11%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.27%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.19%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.46%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.10%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 9.95%
CROIC snapshot only 4.86%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.14%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 9.39%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 2.82%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 12.83%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.867
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.050
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.248
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.431
Graham Number snapshot only $46.10
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.13 1.16 1.27 1.32 1.31 1.34 1.20 1.20 1.54 1.34 1.35 1.29 1.36 1.27 1.43 1.31 1.26 1.32 1.27 1.28 1.280
Quick Ratio 0.85 0.88 0.96 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.89 0.89 1.44 1.07 1.04 1.00 1.05 0.98 1.11 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.975
Debt/Equity 1.49 1.43 1.37 1.37 1.34 1.36 1.35 1.40 0.75 0.83 0.75 0.71 0.71 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.73 0.62 0.60 0.58 0.580
Net Debt/Equity 1.35 1.28 1.26 1.27 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.28 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.65 0.55 0.59 0.57 0.63 0.60 0.54 0.50 0.51 0.515
Debt/Assets 0.38 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.37 0.20 0.35 0.33 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.29 0.28 0.27 0.273
Debt/EBITDA 3.93 3.92 3.94 4.19 4.54 5.06 5.15 6.60 4.04 4.70 5.29 4.67 4.44 4.32 4.23 3.69 3.88 3.52 3.57 3.35 3.352
Net Debt/EBITDA 3.58 3.52 3.64 3.88 4.21 4.63 4.72 6.02 3.75 3.94 4.92 4.29 3.47 3.67 3.45 3.29 3.20 3.05 2.95 2.98 2.976
Interest Coverage 7.75 8.46 6.21 4.71 3.12 2.11 2.18 1.81 2.31 2.52 2.52 3.13 3.33 4.55 4.99 5.72 6.25 6.26 6.55 7.49 7.487
Equity Multiplier 3.88 3.79 3.68 3.68 3.76 3.74 3.73 3.80 3.76 2.38 2.28 2.29 2.25 2.23 2.23 2.26 2.28 2.17 2.14 2.12 2.124
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.141
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 11.178
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.112
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.127
Defensive Interval snapshot only 746.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.47 0.52 0.45 0.37 0.37 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.564
Inventory Turnover 6.43 6.67 6.54 6.42 6.38 6.65 6.55 6.45 7.27 6.63 5.44 4.39 6.37 6.46 6.33 6.32 6.54 6.63 6.42 6.53 6.533
Receivables Turnover 5.05 5.37 4.97 5.13 5.22 5.75 5.31 5.36 6.05 5.87 4.56 3.81 5.48 6.08 5.69 5.81 5.83 6.28 5.97 5.74 5.742
Payables Turnover 15.28 44.06 15.15 15.20 15.84 51.00 15.19 15.56 17.33 23.78 12.38 10.06 13.62 10.06 13.32 13.34 14.56 11.14 13.99 14.75 14.746
DSO 72 68 73 71 70 63 69 68 60 62 80 96 67 60 64 63 63 58 61 64 63.6 days
DIO 57 55 56 57 57 55 56 57 50 55 67 83 57 57 58 58 56 55 57 56 55.9 days
DPO 24 8 24 24 23 7 24 23 21 15 29 36 27 36 27 27 25 33 26 25 24.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 105 114 105 104 104 111 100 101 89 102 118 143 97 80 94 93 93 80 92 95 94.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 2.399
Operating Cycle snapshot only 119.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 18.343
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.784
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 1.6% 3.4% 5.9% 7.1% 9.0% 8.8% 8.1% 6.8% -8.5% -22.2% -34.9% -47.2% -40.5% -31.4% -17.8% 1.0% 2.3% 4.9% 4.4% 5.4% 5.39%
Net Income -4.6% 6.5% 17.8% 19.0% 28.0% 16.4% -0.1% -27.9% -75.6% -1.2% -1.3% -1.7% -1.7% 2.0% 1.6% 2.0% 4.0% 1.7% 2.5% 35.4% 35.43%
EPS -4.5% 8.7% 17.6% 18.6% 26.8% 15.8% 0.3% -27.5% -75.4% -1.2% -1.3% -1.7% -1.7% 2.0% 1.6% 2.0% 4.0% 1.7% 2.5% 36.8% 36.81%
FCF -14.9% -26.8% -37.8% -22.4% -24.8% -24.7% -10.0% 12.9% 28.5% 35.4% 37.8% 24.1% -24.2% -48.6% -46.9% -59.3% -45.0% -26.4% -13.1% 17.0% 16.97%
EBITDA 2.9% -3.8% -2.6% -3.0% -9.0% -20.9% -21.9% -37.0% -40.6% -38.6% -49.1% -32.1% -20.0% -6.7% 17.4% 20.1% 16.7% 8.0% 4.0% -2.3% -2.32%
Op. Income -12.3% -5.2% -5.0% -6.9% -7.4% -15.6% -16.3% -20.3% -32.1% -47.0% -50.7% -54.9% -39.6% -1.9% 14.4% 58.4% 41.7% 22.9% 14.3% 1.9% 1.86%
OCF Growth snapshot only 34.09%
Asset Growth snapshot only 1.12%
Equity Growth snapshot only 7.59%
Debt Growth snapshot only -11.30%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.01%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 9.50%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.3% 3.8% 4.1% 4.4% 4.8% 4.9% 4.7% 4.8% 0.4% -4.3% -9.4% -15.5% -16.0% -16.5% -16.7% -17.1% -17.7% -17.6% -17.7% -17.5% -17.48%
Revenue 5Y 5.2% 5.2% 4.6% 4.1% 4.1% 3.8% 4.2% 4.5% 1.9% -1.1% -4.5% -8.5% -9.0% -9.2% -9.3% -9.3% -9.2% -8.8% -8.6% -8.5% -8.46%
EPS 3Y -5.0% -3.1% -1.0% 3.4% 5.5% 4.0% 1.7% -6.5% -33.2% — — — — -36.6% -40.4% -18.9% -19.8% -16.1% -9.7% 0.2% 0.25%
EPS 5Y 2.6% 2.5% 3.2% 3.4% 4.7% 3.1% 2.0% -5.6% -23.1% — — — — -24.4% -26.0% -9.7% -8.9% -5.7% -2.8% -2.8% -2.84%
Net Income 3Y -5.1% -3.6% -1.0% 3.7% 5.5% 4.0% 1.6% -6.5% -33.2% — — — — -36.3% -40.3% -18.5% -19.8% -15.8% -9.4% 0.6% 0.59%
Net Income 5Y 2.7% 2.7% 3.3% 3.5% 4.9% 3.1% 2.0% -5.6% -23.2% — — — — -24.2% -25.9% -9.3% -8.8% -5.8% -2.6% -2.7% -2.65%
EBITDA 3Y 5.4% 3.9% 2.1% 0.3% -3.8% -6.0% -6.9% -14.2% -17.7% -22.4% -27.1% -25.4% -24.3% -23.2% -22.4% -19.9% -17.8% -14.8% -14.7% -7.3% -7.29%
EBITDA 5Y 4.5% 4.3% 3.1% 2.1% 0.3% -2.5% -2.3% -6.6% -8.7% -11.5% -15.8% -15.4% -15.8% -13.8% -13.6% -12.4% -12.3% -14.0% -13.9% -13.4% -13.40%
Gross Profit 3Y 1.1% 1.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.3% 1.2% 0.5% -0.6% -5.2% -10.5% -14.7% -20.2% -19.8% -19.5% -19.6% -18.6% -19.4% -19.0% -18.3% -17.0% -16.97%
Gross Profit 5Y 2.7% 2.5% 1.5% 0.7% 0.7% 0.5% 1.1% 0.7% -2.0% -5.5% -8.9% -12.5% -12.5% -12.3% -12.5% -11.7% -11.8% -11.2% -10.5% -10.3% -10.30%
Op. Income 3Y -7.4% -7.5% -8.7% -4.9% -6.5% -8.8% -9.9% -12.7% -18.0% -24.9% -26.8% -30.6% -27.6% -24.0% -22.1% -17.1% -16.6% -13.9% -13.6% -10.1% -10.06%
Op. Income 5Y -0.4% -0.8% -2.4% -3.8% -4.5% -5.2% -5.1% -9.8% -13.0% -18.7% -20.7% -20.9% -19.6% -17.0% -16.2% -13.8% -14.0% -12.6% -12.5% -11.6% -11.59%
FCF 3Y — 79.6% — — — — 4.6% -13.1% -6.3% -9.3% -8.3% 2.8% -9.8% -19.4% -13.0% -17.1% -18.8% -20.0% -14.0% -16.1% -16.08%
FCF 5Y 10.5% 9.3% 4.0% -0.9% -1.5% — — — — 42.6% — — — — -3.5% -19.8% -19.3% -22.4% -18.7% -12.3% -12.34%
OCF 3Y 10.3% 10.7% 6.1% 0.9% -1.5% -0.5% -4.2% -12.9% -10.7% -12.0% -12.2% -6.7% -12.4% -21.6% -17.9% -18.6% -19.0% -15.0% -11.9% -12.6% -12.60%
OCF 5Y 6.6% 7.3% 4.0% 0.8% -0.1% 1.3% 2.9% 4.8% 5.5% 3.6% 2.4% -0.9% -5.9% -10.5% -12.4% -20.0% -19.4% -17.0% -14.3% -8.8% -8.77%
Assets 3Y 8.5% 8.3% 4.0% 5.4% 6.4% 4.5% 3.5% 3.2% 3.3% -12.1% -13.7% -14.5% -15.8% -15.4% -16.1% -18.4% -19.1% -18.5% -17.8% -18.2% -18.23%
Assets 5Y 10.0% 9.2% 6.1% 7.5% 8.6% 7.5% 7.4% 6.8% 6.2% -4.4% -7.4% -7.7% -8.7% -8.3% -8.9% -9.9% -9.0% -9.1% -9.2% -9.7% -9.72%
Equity 3Y 7.3% 7.2% 7.5% 9.2% 8.7% 6.8% 6.1% 4.8% 5.8% 3.9% 3.0% 2.5% 0.9% 0.9% -0.8% -4.0% -4.4% -2.2% -1.1% -0.7% -0.70%
Book Value 3Y 7.4% 7.7% 7.4% 8.9% 8.6% 6.7% 6.2% 4.7% 5.9% 4.0% 2.7% 2.0% 0.7% 0.4% -1.0% -4.5% -4.4% -2.5% -1.4% -1.0% -1.03%
Dividend 3Y 22.2% 28.6% 30.3% -17.3% -55.8% -0.3% -2.1% 39.6% 1.6% -14.7% -17.5% -72.3% -84.1% — -44.2% 1.7% 3.8% — 91.5% 2.4% 2.38%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.95 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.92 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.56 0.02 0.03 0.10 0.25 0.39 0.46 0.45 0.58 0.65 0.63 0.55 0.551
Earnings Stability 0.13 0.06 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.06 0.05 0.26 0.34 0.40 0.43 0.47 0.61 0.48 0.49 0.33 0.40 0.23 0.18 0.09 0.093
Margin Stability 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.936
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.98 0.97 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.93 1.00 0.89 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.95 0.94 0.84 0.83 0.75 0.85 1.00 0.68 0.00 — — — — — — — — 0.09 0.00 0.70 0.699
ROE Trend -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.07 -0.12 -0.13 -0.15 -0.09 -0.02 -0.01 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.076
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.008
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.03 -0.00 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.035
Sustainable Growth Rate 4.2% 4.7% 5.0% 8.0% 10.7% 5.8% 5.0% 0.0% -4.6% — — — — 2.4% 1.7% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 4.0% 4.3% 4.28%
Internal Growth Rate 1.1% 1.2% 1.3% 2.1% 2.9% 1.6% 1.4% 0.0% — — — — — 1.1% 0.8% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.9% 2.0% 1.99%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.73 2.79 2.28 1.97 1.86 1.98 2.16 2.97 8.51 -9.34 -6.47 -3.41 -8.29 5.20 5.93 1.97 1.91 2.04 1.99 1.95 1.946
FCF/OCF 0.64 0.60 0.56 0.53 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.63 0.69 0.73 0.80 0.69 0.65 0.67 0.56 0.55 0.45 0.50 0.49 0.488
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.950
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.872
CapEx/Revenue 4.7% 5.5% 5.2% 4.9% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 4.8% 4.6% 4.3% 4.2% 3.9% 4.9% 4.5% 4.3% 4.4% 4.4% 6.2% 6.4% 6.5% 6.48%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.352
Accruals Ratio -0.04 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.08 -0.08 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.035
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.028
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.330
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.41%
Dividend/Share $1.76 $1.77 $1.86 $0.98 $0.15 $1.75 $1.74 $2.67 $2.67 $1.07 $0.98 $0.06 $0.01 $0.00 $0.17 $1.15 $1.16 $1.38 $1.21 $1.26 $1.05
Payout Ratio 56.8% 54.0% 52.4% 26.4% 3.8% 46.1% 49.1% 99.5% 2.8% — — — — 0.0% 22.7% 58.3% 57.1% 61.4% 46.3% 46.7% 46.67%
FCF Payout Ratio 32.7% 32.4% 40.9% 25.2% 3.8% 42.7% 42.6% 60.9% 51.2% 19.5% 17.5% 1.1% 0.3% 0.0% 5.8% 53.0% 53.9% 66.5% 47.0% 49.1% 49.14%
Total Payout Ratio 56.8% 54.0% 52.4% 26.4% 3.8% 46.1% 49.1% 99.5% 2.8% — — — — 0.0% 22.7% 58.3% 57.1% 61.4% 46.3% 46.7% 46.67%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.49 0.50 0.56 0.61 0.68 0.75 0.75 0.66 0.30 -0.40 -0.64 -1.33 -0.39 0.33 0.27 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.68 0.69 0.693
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.85 0.96 0.93 0.99 1.14 0.93 0.96 0.79 0.60 0.64 0.72 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.966
EBIT Margin 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.097
Asset Turnover 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.47 0.52 0.45 0.37 0.37 0.49 0.51 0.52 0.53 0.54 0.54 0.56 0.564
Equity Multiplier 3.96 3.86 3.77 3.80 3.82 3.76 3.70 3.74 3.76 3.09 3.02 3.07 3.03 2.30 2.25 2.27 2.27 2.20 2.18 2.19 2.190
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $3.10 $3.28 $3.54 $3.70 $3.93 $3.80 $3.55 $2.68 $0.97 $-0.85 $-1.18 $-1.97 $-0.68 $0.84 $0.75 $1.98 $2.03 $2.25 $2.61 $2.71 $2.71
Book Value/Share $32.79 $34.26 $35.51 $36.89 $37.97 $36.62 $36.83 $36.03 $35.93 $33.73 $34.52 $33.68 $33.50 $34.70 $34.46 $32.13 $33.12 $33.91 $35.26 $34.92 $36.22
Tangible Book/Share $-24.74 $-24.85 $-23.84 $-25.48 $-29.24 $-27.67 $-26.48 $-27.05 $2.95 $3.95 $3.20 $2.94 $3.06 $3.61 $3.83 $2.56 $3.30 $4.24 $5.38 $5.23 $5.23
Revenue/Share $66.04 $67.67 $68.37 $69.68 $71.32 $73.25 $74.15 $74.77 $65.90 $56.42 $47.77 $38.94 $38.88 $38.72 $39.25 $39.07 $39.69 $40.62 $40.96 $41.59 $41.55
FCF/Share $5.38 $5.47 $4.53 $3.87 $4.01 $4.09 $4.09 $4.39 $5.21 $5.48 $5.58 $5.38 $3.92 $2.82 $2.96 $2.17 $2.15 $2.07 $2.57 $2.57 $2.57
OCF/Share $8.46 $9.16 $8.09 $7.31 $7.32 $7.53 $7.66 $7.97 $8.24 $7.91 $7.60 $6.73 $5.65 $4.34 $4.44 $3.89 $3.89 $4.57 $5.19 $5.26 $5.26
Cash/Share $4.32 $4.95 $3.71 $3.80 $3.78 $4.21 $4.16 $4.43 $1.96 $4.56 $1.81 $1.96 $5.21 $3.63 $4.49 $2.44 $4.20 $2.81 $3.67 $2.27 $2.27
EBITDA/Share $12.40 $12.50 $12.33 $12.09 $11.18 $9.84 $9.66 $7.66 $6.71 $5.98 $4.87 $5.13 $5.33 $5.57 $5.72 $6.12 $6.21 $6.02 $5.95 $6.04 $6.04
Debt/Share $48.72 $48.98 $48.63 $50.65 $50.80 $49.79 $49.80 $50.55 $27.11 $28.11 $25.75 $23.95 $23.69 $24.11 $24.20 $22.59 $24.08 $21.18 $21.22 $20.24 $20.24
Net Debt/Share $44.40 $44.02 $44.92 $46.85 $47.02 $45.59 $45.64 $46.12 $25.15 $23.54 $23.94 $21.99 $18.48 $20.47 $19.71 $20.14 $19.88 $18.37 $17.55 $17.97 $17.97
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 4 5 4 3 7 7 8 5 8 8 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.60 -2.57 -2.54 -2.48 -2.43 -2.61 -2.51 -2.52 -3.29 -3.34 -3.67 -3.67 -2.86 -2.79 -2.44 -2.36 -2.14 -2.55 -2.61 -2.47 -2.474
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.629
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 18.51%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-17.43
EVA snapshot only $-1307142615.59
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 58.90 58.90 56.85 51.00 51.00 46.85 45.50 43.35 53.40 52.05 51.95 56.70 55.20 54.00 55.20 58.35 58.35 59.55 59.25 62.35 62.350
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only 4.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000

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