— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 9435.T (JPX) · $vol 22M

HKTGF OTC

Hikari Tsushin, Inc.
1W: +1.6% 1M: +1.1% 3M: +18.4% YTD: -8.7% 1Y: +179.5% 3Y: +71.5% 5Y: +45.3%
$250.00
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Conglomerates · Tech Score Neutral · Power 54 · $11.0B mcap · 22M float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. HKTGF receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-03 None ADDED
2026-10-03 EXISTED None
2026-09-29 None ADDED
2026-09-27 EXISTED None
2026-09-19 None ADDED
2026-09-19 EXISTED None
2026-09-15 None ADDED
2026-09-13 EXISTED None
2026-09-09 None ADDED
2026-09-05 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade D
Profitability
52
Balance Sheet
57
Earnings Quality
34
Growth
36
Value
—
Momentum
32
Safety
—
Cash Flow
2

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-1.95
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.02
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 52.5/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
25/100
OCF/NI: 0.09x
Accruals: 4.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. HKTGF scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. HKTGF's score of -1.95 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. HKTGF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. HKTGF receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 52.5/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). HKTGF's score of 25/100 is low — reported earnings may not be fully supported by cash flows.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
9.85x
PEG
0.16x
P/S
2.06x
P/B
1.25x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$41634.66
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 9.8x earnings, HKTGF trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $41634.66 per share, suggesting a potential 16554% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.730
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.839
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.155
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.217
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.365
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
10.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. HKTGF's ROE of 10.7% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.217), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
7.64%
Fair P/E
23.77x
Intrinsic Value
$64030.26
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with HKTGF's realized 7.6% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. HKTGF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $64030.26, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 23.8x compares to the current market P/E of 9.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$248.73
Median 1Y
$1.80
5th Pctile
$0.01
95th Pctile
$372.83
Ann. Volatility
319.9%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
ROE 16.9% 17.5% 20.3% 21.2% 22.3% 19.5% 17.6% 17.5% 15.7% 16.2% 18.0% 18.3% 14.6% 19.0% 13.8% 11.0% 10.3% 8.4% 10.4% 10.7% 10.67%
ROA 5.5% 5.6% 6.5% 6.8% 7.3% 6.3% 5.8% 5.9% 5.4% 5.6% 6.5% 6.9% 5.5% 7.2% 5.3% 4.4% 4.2% 3.4% 4.2% 4.5% 4.51%
ROIC 7.8% 7.7% 9.5% 8.3% 8.2% 7.8% 7.8% 8.0% 7.6% 7.1% 6.5% 5.8% 6.0% 5.7% 6.0% 5.8% 4.0% 3.5% 3.8% 3.4% 3.44%
ROCE 10.2% 9.4% 10.8% 11.4% 11.6% 11.1% 10.8% 10.7% 10.2% 10.1% 11.1% 10.9% 10.5% 10.2% 7.7% 5.5% 3.6% 3.5% 3.6% 3.6% 3.62%
Gross Margin 54.2% 51.6% 45.9% 51.0% 37.9% 47.0% 49.4% 56.4% 50.6% 52.0% 50.8% 55.0% 46.9% 51.3% 47.9% 52.1% 47.3% 51.5% 47.7% 48.3% 48.35%
Operating Margin 17.8% 13.4% 9.3% 12.7% 16.7% 12.5% 11.7% 17.1% 15.7% 17.3% 12.9% 17.5% 15.7% 16.9% 9.8% 16.5% 14.8% 17.0% 14.3% 15.2% 15.15%
Net Margin 14.1% 12.9% 17.9% 19.2% 19.3% 4.2% 14.3% 23.4% 18.6% 8.0% 31.2% 31.4% 1.3% 31.5% 7.9% 16.8% 21.7% 23.4% 19.9% 19.0% 19.04%
EBITDA Margin 26.5% 21.5% 19.3% 32.6% 25.0% 16.4% 18.6% 40.8% 28.6% 18.4% 43.5% 47.1% 18.8% 18.9% 11.7% 19.0% 26.5% 19.1% 16.3% 17.4% 17.45%
FCF Margin 5.0% 2.8% 5.7% 4.7% 1.3% 3.0% 5.7% 10.9% 17.1% 17.8% 18.6% 14.3% 11.3% 10.5% 9.2% 7.8% 7.7% 6.0% 3.6% -0.4% -0.37%
OCF Margin 8.2% 6.0% 8.8% 7.7% 4.3% 6.2% 8.5% 13.7% 19.7% 20.6% 21.6% 17.9% 15.1% 14.0% 12.4% 9.7% 9.2% 7.0% 5.3% 1.9% 1.89%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.87%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 14.15%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.86%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.37%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 2.82%
Cash ROA snapshot only 0.37%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 0.56%
CROIC snapshot only -0.11%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 11.67%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 28.42%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 33.69%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.12 — — — 9.846
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.02 — — — 2.063
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.01 — — — 1.251
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.29 — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.24 — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.37 — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.04 — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 7.33 — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13.57 — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 8.2% — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.4% — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.164
Graham Number snapshot only $41634.66
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.62 1.76 1.76 1.85 1.78 1.73 1.74 1.93 1.95 1.82 1.91 2.18 1.95 1.89 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.74 2.11 2.11 2.113
Quick Ratio 1.62 1.75 1.76 1.84 1.77 1.73 1.73 1.93 1.95 1.81 1.91 2.17 1.94 1.89 1.68 1.69 1.70 1.73 2.11 2.11 2.109
Debt/Equity 1.25 1.37 1.31 1.32 1.35 1.33 1.26 1.22 1.13 1.18 1.04 1.01 1.00 0.97 1.02 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.92 0.88 0.884
Net Debt/Equity 0.55 0.63 0.56 0.57 0.55 0.61 0.55 0.47 0.39 0.51 0.35 0.42 0.48 0.50 0.49 0.59 0.51 0.57 0.46 0.54 0.538
Debt/Assets 0.41 0.44 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.38 0.384
Debt/EBITDA 4.66 5.20 4.54 4.38 4.71 4.89 4.91 4.83 4.66 4.96 4.17 4.15 4.19 4.37 5.94 7.38 11.26 11.62 11.14 11.06 11.059
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.06 2.39 1.95 1.89 1.92 2.23 2.12 1.85 1.62 2.15 1.42 1.74 2.02 2.25 2.84 4.67 6.23 7.23 5.61 6.73 6.730
Interest Coverage 12.64 16.41 11.67 12.89 13.98 7.36 7.39 6.59 6.60 6.85 8.70 10.87 3.95 5.13 2.75 2.14 3.97 3.13 7.80 4.09 4.087
Equity Multiplier 3.02 3.13 3.10 3.07 3.06 3.03 2.96 2.85 2.75 2.78 2.63 2.54 2.56 2.51 2.59 2.45 2.44 2.40 2.41 2.30 2.301
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.958
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 4.661
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.391
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.002
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1609.6 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.217
Inventory Turnover 515.87 154.12 157.61 175.41 445.64 197.69 147.57 155.39 155.22 138.08 109.94 106.39 122.06 122.99 147.76 139.77 117.33 107.92 129.77 136.19 136.188
Receivables Turnover 2.86 2.68 2.43 2.62 2.50 2.48 2.39 2.57 2.30 2.29 2.15 2.30 2.21 2.27 2.26 2.40 1.60 1.54 1.45 1.56 1.560
Payables Turnover 1.57 1.51 1.46 1.50 1.67 1.73 2.87 1.68 1.48 1.42 2.06 1.34 1.35 1.37 1.32 1.44 1.03 1.04 0.98 1.14 1.139
DSO 128 136 150 139 146 147 152 142 159 159 170 159 165 161 161 152 228 238 251 234 234.0 days
DIO 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 3 2.7 days
DPO 233 241 251 244 219 211 127 217 246 257 177 272 271 266 276 253 354 352 372 320 320.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -104 -102 -99 -102 -72 -62 28 -73 -85 -95 -4 -109 -103 -103 -113 -99 -123 -111 -119 -84 -83.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 11.937
Operating Cycle snapshot only 236.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.311
Capital Intensity snapshot only 5.070
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 6.9% 5.8% 3.4% 3.8% 8.3% 10.4% 11.4% 9.2% 2.6% -1.8% -6.5% -5.1% 0.1% 5.5% 14.1% 16.4% -16.2% -17.9% -20.9% -19.7% -19.68%
Net Income 28.2% 36.4% 60.0% 53.5% 65.1% 36.9% 4.6% 2.2% -12.8% 3.5% 33.8% 40.3% 16.5% 53.3% -3.8% -26.3% -10.0% -43.4% -6.9% 18.2% 18.15%
EPS 29.7% 37.9% 62.5% 56.5% 67.4% 38.0% 5.4% 2.7% -12.1% 5.0% 33.3% 41.8% 17.3% 55.3% -1.4% -25.8% -9.5% -43.5% -6.9% 18.5% 18.50%
FCF -58.2% -73.9% -22.8% -24.1% -71.7% 19.9% 10.3% 1.5% 12.4% 4.8% 2.1% 24.4% -33.8% -37.6% -43.5% -36.3% -42.7% -53.6% -68.7% -1.0% -1.04%
EBITDA 4.8% -1.0% 25.4% 29.4% 29.2% 25.5% 8.8% 8.3% 6.9% 11.1% 34.2% 32.6% 23.1% 25.3% -20.2% -42.4% -56.1% -56.3% -37.5% -16.6% -16.64%
Op. Income -6.8% -6.7% 19.9% 8.7% 13.8% 13.8% 4.3% 19.7% 10.8% 16.8% 9.2% 4.2% 12.2% 8.5% 7.2% 7.4% -24.5% -25.3% -15.1% -15.1% -15.08%
OCF Growth snapshot only -84.40%
Asset Growth snapshot only 22.81%
Equity Growth snapshot only 30.65%
Debt Growth snapshot only 24.88%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.30%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -14.94%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 8.2% 7.3% 6.1% 5.6% 5.9% 6.2% 7.1% 6.6% 5.9% 4.7% 2.5% 2.5% 3.6% 4.6% 5.9% 6.4% -4.8% -5.2% -5.5% -3.9% -3.91%
Revenue 5Y 3.7% 4.1% 6.2% 6.4% 7.4% 8.2% 8.5% 8.0% 7.1% 6.0% 4.4% 4.1% 4.1% 4.4% 5.5% 6.0% -0.1% -0.1% -0.6% 0.1% 0.11%
EPS 3Y 14.1% 13.2% 21.6% 22.5% 22.0% 17.6% 21.9% 25.8% 24.0% 26.0% 31.7% 31.6% 19.9% 31.0% 11.5% 2.6% -2.3% -2.7% 6.9% 7.6% 7.64%
EPS 5Y 20.4% 15.4% 18.2% 21.7% 24.3% 23.1% 17.7% 17.6% 16.9% 16.0% 20.4% 21.7% 13.3% 21.6% 18.9% 15.9% 15.1% 11.9% 15.9% 14.9% 14.91%
Net Income 3Y 13.6% 12.7% 20.8% 21.5% 20.9% 16.9% 20.9% 24.6% 22.7% 24.6% 30.8% 30.1% 18.8% 29.5% 10.4% 1.9% -3.0% -3.5% 6.2% 6.9% 6.91%
Net Income 5Y 19.8% 14.8% 17.5% 20.9% 23.4% 22.5% 16.9% 16.8% 16.1% 15.2% 19.8% 20.8% 12.4% 20.4% 17.9% 14.9% 14.1% 10.9% 14.9% 13.9% 13.89%
EBITDA 3Y 14.1% 10.0% 15.4% 14.1% 12.1% 11.2% 11.6% 14.4% 13.1% 11.3% 22.3% 22.9% 19.4% 20.4% 5.2% -6.1% -16.7% -15.3% -12.5% -14.0% -13.99%
EBITDA 5Y 13.5% 13.9% 16.9% 20.1% 20.2% 17.3% 15.3% 15.7% 15.5% 13.2% 17.5% 16.3% 13.1% 13.8% 8.3% 2.7% -4.8% -5.4% -1.8% -2.3% -2.27%
Gross Profit 3Y 0.8% 0.3% 0.4% -0.7% -3.3% -3.5% -1.8% -1.4% 0.2% 0.9% 2.2% 2.6% 3.7% 4.8% 4.6% 5.7% -2.1% -1.7% -2.8% -2.7% -2.72%
Gross Profit 5Y 1.3% 1.4% 2.1% 1.6% 0.7% 0.7% 1.6% 1.6% 2.6% 2.4% 1.2% 0.9% 0.5% 0.9% 1.8% 2.1% -3.4% -2.9% -1.6% -0.9% -0.95%
Op. Income 3Y 7.8% 4.5% 8.9% 2.0% 0.6% 1.6% 5.9% 9.2% 5.5% 7.4% 10.9% 10.7% 12.3% 13.0% 6.9% 10.2% -2.1% -1.8% -0.2% -1.7% -1.69%
Op. Income 5Y 11.8% 11.9% 14.8% 13.6% 12.4% 10.8% 11.8% 10.4% 9.6% 8.7% 8.0% 5.8% 4.8% 5.9% 6.8% 7.8% -0.1% 0.1% 4.4% 4.3% 4.33%
FCF 3Y 0.1% -22.0% -10.9% -18.3% -49.7% -36.2% -19.0% 2.8% 16.7% 21.8% 37.8% 33.6% 36.1% 62.8% 24.2% 26.0% 72.0% 18.7% -18.4% — —
FCF 5Y 18.8% 8.2% 32.5% 32.6% 37.7% 10.1% 20.2% 20.8% 30.8% 26.8% 19.1% 11.4% 2.6% -1.3% -1.6% -3.0% -9.6% -12.2% -14.3% — —
OCF 3Y 2.5% -11.0% -6.9% -13.6% -31.5% -25.2% -14.3% 3.3% 14.5% 19.0% 30.8% 26.9% 26.8% 38.4% 18.5% 15.0% 22.9% -1.2% -19.3% -50.4% -50.37%
OCF 5Y 19.3% 14.0% 24.4% 21.3% 15.0% 9.7% 14.5% 16.5% 23.4% 21.2% 15.5% 9.1% 3.1% -0.3% -0.5% -2.9% -10.1% -13.2% -13.1% -27.4% -27.40%
Assets 3Y 20.2% 23.7% 21.7% 21.8% 20.6% 17.5% 20.3% 22.2% 20.0% 19.6% 18.3% 18.5% 17.4% 18.2% 17.8% 16.8% 17.2% 18.8% 19.3% 17.6% 17.55%
Assets 5Y 25.1% 25.3% 23.2% 24.0% 22.6% 21.3% 19.9% 21.2% 19.3% 21.0% 20.9% 21.7% 18.3% 18.0% 19.5% 19.3% 19.6% 19.6% 18.0% 17.2% 17.17%
Equity 3Y 20.3% 23.3% 22.0% 21.0% 21.7% 17.5% 26.0% 26.4% 25.8% 24.5% 26.2% 27.8% 24.0% 27.2% 25.1% 25.9% 26.3% 28.4% 27.8% 26.2% 26.21%
Book Value 3Y 20.9% 23.8% 22.8% 21.9% 22.8% 18.2% 27.0% 27.5% 27.2% 25.9% 27.0% 29.3% 25.3% 28.7% 26.3% 26.8% 27.2% 29.6% 28.7% 27.1% 27.06%
Dividend 3Y 5.0% 3.7% 3.1% 2.8% 2.7% 3.0% 3.7% 4.2% 4.3% 4.6% 3.7% 5.9% 6.5% 5.9% 6.2% 2.1% -8.5% -7.2% -6.8% -4.7% -4.70%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.71 0.83 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.94 0.81 0.84 0.93 0.92 0.81 0.83 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.08 0.077
Earnings Stability 0.85 0.83 0.75 0.79 0.74 0.83 0.85 0.85 0.74 0.85 0.89 0.89 0.75 0.84 0.91 0.69 0.63 0.44 0.71 0.52 0.524
Margin Stability 0.92 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.90 0.91 0.90 0.91 0.95 0.96 0.960
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0
Earnings Persistence 0.89 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.98 0.99 0.95 0.99 0.86 0.84 0.93 0.50 0.98 0.89 0.96 0.83 0.97 0.93 0.927
Earnings Smoothness 0.75 0.69 0.54 0.58 0.51 0.69 0.96 0.98 0.86 0.97 0.71 0.66 0.85 0.58 0.96 0.70 0.89 0.45 0.93 0.83 0.834
ROE Trend -0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.03 -0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.04 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 -0.04 -0.08 -0.05 -0.04 -0.037
Gross Margin Trend -0.09 -0.09 -0.04 -0.05 -0.09 -0.09 -0.06 -0.04 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.016
FCF Margin Trend -0.07 -0.10 -0.05 -0.05 -0.08 -0.04 -0.01 0.05 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.06 0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.05 -0.06 -0.08 -0.10 -0.11 -0.114
Sustainable Growth Rate 11.3% 12.1% 15.2% 16.2% 17.6% 14.8% 13.0% 13.1% 11.5% 12.0% 14.1% 14.5% 10.7% 15.3% 10.2% 7.8% 8.0% 6.1% 8.1% 8.4% 8.43%
Internal Growth Rate 3.8% 4.0% 5.1% 5.5% 6.1% 5.0% 4.5% 4.6% 4.2% 4.3% 5.4% 5.8% 4.2% 6.2% 4.1% 3.2% 3.3% 2.6% 3.4% 3.7% 3.70%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.72 0.50 0.58 0.48 0.24 0.41 0.60 0.91 1.33 1.30 1.07 0.80 0.87 0.61 0.72 0.69 0.50 0.44 0.26 0.09 0.091
FCF/OCF 0.61 0.46 0.65 0.61 0.31 0.49 0.67 0.79 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.84 0.85 0.69 -0.19 -0.195
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.018
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.107
CapEx/Revenue 3.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.0% 3.0% 3.1% 2.8% 2.8% 2.6% 2.8% 3.0% 3.6% 3.8% 3.5% 3.1% 1.9% 1.5% 1.0% 1.7% 2.2% 2.24%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.031
Accruals Ratio 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.041
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.073
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.287
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.250
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% — — — 2.19%
Dividend/Share $471.93 $475.42 $483.72 $494.37 $505.44 $513.82 $530.55 $547.12 $559.30 $576.62 $577.23 $633.94 $660.16 $669.99 $689.06 $664.24 $497.63 $520.94 $546.34 $565.03 $785.00
Payout Ratio 33.1% 31.1% 25.0% 23.5% 21.2% 24.3% 26.0% 25.3% 26.7% 26.0% 21.2% 20.7% 26.8% 19.5% 25.7% 29.2% 22.3% 26.8% 21.9% 21.0% 20.98%
FCF Payout Ratio 75.9% 1.4% 66.1% 80.2% 2.8% 1.2% 65.2% 35.0% 23.1% 23.2% 23.2% 32.3% 41.0% 42.7% 47.8% 52.7% 53.6% 71.7% 1.2% — —
Total Payout Ratio 48.4% 50.5% 41.9% 34.0% 30.4% 30.9% 33.8% 31.0% 37.5% 39.5% 31.9% 27.8% 36.5% 27.2% 34.2% 39.2% 27.0% 29.3% 27.5% 29.5% 29.50%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.59 — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 38.2% — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 38.2% — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.2% — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.72 0.76 0.83 0.82 0.85 0.84 0.79 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.730
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.90 0.92 0.89 0.90 0.90 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.80 1.07 1.03 1.14 1.56 1.43 1.71 1.84 1.839
EBIT Margin 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.23 0.23 0.24 0.30 0.32 0.29 0.29 0.21 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.155
Asset Turnover 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.22 0.217
Equity Multiplier 3.08 3.13 3.14 3.12 3.04 3.08 3.03 2.94 2.89 2.89 2.77 2.67 2.64 2.62 2.61 2.49 2.49 2.45 2.49 2.36 2.365
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1426.79 $1530.56 $1934.19 $2103.73 $2388.27 $2112.04 $2038.90 $2159.65 $2098.36 $2218.58 $2717.92 $3062.04 $2462.32 $3444.39 $2679.50 $2272.70 $2227.40 $1946.03 $2493.35 $2693.22 $2693.22
Book Value/Share $9565.04 $9726.63 $10348.27 $10707.35 $11725.39 $11847.11 $12745.57 $13944.20 $14900.68 $15357.81 $17577.90 $19385.74 $18799.28 $20752.72 $20856.54 $21829.97 $24141.95 $25764.30 $27188.29 $28605.95 $29330.87
Tangible Book/Share $8716.59 $8884.00 $9516.37 $9874.64 $11082.25 $11208.70 $12164.08 $13366.61 $14322.13 $14778.14 $17059.08 $18862.55 $18273.00 $20149.04 $20275.28 $21258.94 $23564.18 $25185.54 $26613.51 $28032.16 $28032.16
Revenue/Share $12487.16 $12571.89 $12803.09 $13072.72 $13709.70 $13990.30 $14374.45 $14340.67 $14180.09 $13949.93 $13385.55 $13750.44 $14303.73 $14902.91 $15653.28 $16114.49 $12057.16 $12216.33 $12372.42 $12982.07 $17365.27
FCF/Share $621.51 $350.77 $731.48 $616.44 $178.52 $423.77 $813.76 $1561.58 $2418.39 $2484.82 $2488.70 $1963.47 $1611.87 $1569.73 $1442.84 $1259.79 $928.09 $726.99 $450.87 $-47.79 $161.39
OCF/Share $1025.84 $758.90 $1129.78 $1008.91 $583.57 $861.36 $1223.29 $1967.54 $2791.03 $2877.97 $2895.26 $2460.71 $2153.13 $2084.17 $1934.25 $1568.54 $1105.21 $852.83 $656.26 $245.48 $561.02
Cash/Share $6644.73 $7172.54 $7730.41 $8067.50 $9333.71 $8593.28 $9142.13 $10484.60 $11009.45 $10233.02 $12066.04 $11361.83 $9732.28 $9812.55 $11131.37 $7409.53 $9933.65 $8843.54 $12379.27 $9904.50 $9905.18
EBITDA/Share $2557.47 $2553.95 $2990.49 $3237.89 $3351.65 $3229.19 $3279.44 $3524.13 $3611.21 $3640.52 $4383.19 $4721.31 $4479.06 $4621.16 $3585.27 $2736.32 $1977.66 $2016.94 $2240.53 $2287.89 $2287.89
Debt/Share $11912.83 $13278.22 $13563.68 $14175.93 $15776.69 $15794.65 $16110.83 $17014.30 $16843.93 $18060.98 $18289.82 $19583.62 $18784.51 $20189.43 $21302.33 $20200.23 $22260.45 $23429.56 $24959.51 $25301.45 $25301.45
Net Debt/Share $5268.10 $6105.68 $5833.28 $6108.43 $6442.98 $7201.37 $6968.70 $6529.70 $5834.48 $7827.96 $6223.77 $8221.78 $9052.23 $10376.88 $10170.95 $12790.70 $12326.80 $14586.02 $12580.24 $15396.95 $15396.95
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 5 6 6 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 6 5 6 5 5 5 4 4 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.09 -2.11 -2.24 -2.05 -1.70 -2.01 -2.23 -2.37 -2.65 -2.62 -2.44 -2.27 -2.20 -2.07 -2.14 -2.16 148.54 -2.11 -2.06 -1.95 -1.948
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.020
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 15.92%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-14639.10
EVA snapshot only $-126291864023.26
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 62.60 61.95 62.60 61.70 61.70 59.20 60.10 58.20 59.70 59.70 63.70 67.55 55.95 59.70 50.60 49.60 40.95 51.45 59.65 52.50 52.500
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.900
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000

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