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IAS NASDAQ

Integral Ad Science Holding Corp.
1W: +0.7% 1M: +0.8% 3M: +1.7% 1Y: -1.0% 3Y: +18.2%
$10.34
Last traded 2025-12-24 — delisted
NASDAQ · Communication Services · Advertising Agencies · $1.7B mcap · 68M float · 3.04% daily turnover · Short 52% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

NARROW EDGE
62.3 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Switching Costs  ·  ROIC: 4.7%  ·  5Y Avg: 0.4%
Cost Advantage
50
Intangibles
60
Switching Cost
73
Network Effect
72
Scale
55
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. IAS has a Narrow competitive edge (62.3/100) — meaningful but not impregnable advantages over competitors. The primary source of advantage is Switching Costs. ROIC of 4.7% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 6Hold: 6Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2025-09-25 Stifel Nicolaus — Initiated $10 — +1.3% $10.17
2025-09-24 Loop Capital Markets Rob Sanderson $15 $10 -5 +1.1% $10.19
2025-09-24 BMO Capital Market Perform $15 $10 -5 +1.0% $10.20
2024-11-13 Piper Sandler Matt Farrell $18 $16 -2 +50.9% $10.60
2024-11-13 BMO Capital Brian Pitz $16 $15 -1 +41.5% $10.60
2024-09-27 Piper Sandler Matt Farrell Initiated $18 — +63.6% $11.00
2024-09-06 BMO Capital Brian Pitz $27 $16 -11 +39.4% $11.48
2024-08-05 Barclays Raimo Lenschow Initiated $13 — +14.7% $11.33
2024-05-24 Truist Financial Youssef Squali Initiated $18 — +83.3% $9.82
2024-05-10 Raymond James Andrew Marok $18 $13 -5 +42.4% $9.13
2024-04-29 Loop Capital Markets Rob Sanderson Initiated $15 — +53.2% $9.79
2024-04-15 Morgan Stanley Matthew Cost Initiated $12 — +25.8% $9.54
2023-06-14 Oppenheimer Jason Helfstein $15 $25 +10 +32.4% $18.88
2022-08-15 Jefferies Brent Thill Initiated $15 — +43.5% $10.45
2022-08-08 Oppenheimer — Initiated $15 — +66.3% $9.02
2022-07-26 Raymond James — Initiated $18 — +91.1% $9.42
2022-05-12 BMO Capital — Initiated $27 — +143.2% $11.10

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 75 Grade A
Profitability
34
Balance Sheet
83
Earnings Quality
55
Growth
68
Value
47
Momentum
94
Safety
100
Cash Flow
95
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. IAS scores highest in Safety (100/100) and lowest in Profitability (34/100). An overall grade of A places IAS among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
11.06
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.93
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-12.90
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AAA
Score: 95.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 3.76x
Accruals: -11.0%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. IAS scores 11.06, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IAS scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IAS's score of -2.93 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IAS's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IAS receives an estimated rating of AAA (score: 95.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IAS's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
53.99x
PEG
1.35x
P/S
3.97x
P/B
1.59x
P/FCF
10.49x
P/OCF
9.84x
EV/EBITDA
13.54x
EV/Revenue
2.75x
EV/EBIT
26.90x
EV/FCF
9.86x
Earnings Yield
2.71%
FCF Yield
9.53%
Shareholder Yield
0.00%
Graham Number
$6.35
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 54.0x earnings, IAS is priced for high growth expectations. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $6.35 per share, 63% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.712
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.088
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.102
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.504
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.122
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
4.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IAS's ROE of 4.5% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.504), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$10.59
Price/Value
0.96x
Margin of Safety
3.99%
Premium
-3.99%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IAS's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IAS trades at a -4% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $10.59, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 54.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1128 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$10.34
Median 1Y
$7.54
5th Pctile
$3.03
95th Pctile
$18.80
Ann. Volatility
56.9%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
ROE -8.1% -6.0% -6.5% -6.2% -1.9% -0.1% 2.0% 2.2% 2.8% 1.0% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 3.5% 3.9% 4.8% 5.5% 4.5% 4.48%
ROA -4.1% -4.1% -4.4% -4.2% -1.2% -0.1% 1.3% 1.5% 2.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 2.8% 3.2% 4.1% 4.8% 4.0% 3.99%
ROIC -3.7% -2.9% -3.1% -2.7% 0.6% -0.1% 1.8% 2.2% -0.3% 0.6% 2.6% 0.6% 0.4% 3.7% 4.2% 4.9% 5.6% 4.7% 4.66%
ROCE -4.1% -3.6% -3.7% -3.3% 0.3% 1.2% 2.0% 2.6% 0.3% 0.9% 1.7% 0.9% 3.9% 4.8% 5.7% 6.6% 6.6% 5.3% 5.31%
Gross Margin 82.8% 82.5% 84.0% 81.4% 81.9% 81.1% 81.4% 79.6% 79.0% 78.7% 79.0% 77.2% 79.0% 79.5% 78.2% 77.5% 77.0% 77.0% 76.97%
Operating Margin -43.9% -1.5% -2.1% 3.8% 6.7% -2.3% 6.2% 9.0% -16.0% 7.6% 12.3% 0.5% 11.0% 15.1% 16.7% 8.5% 14.0% 4.9% 4.91%
Net Margin -46.7% -12.4% -4.7% 1.3% 2.0% 0.8% 9.8% 3.0% 6.8% -11.4% 7.6% -1.1% 6.0% 12.0% 10.0% 6.0% 11.0% 4.6% 4.56%
EBITDA Margin -24.4% 14.1% 14.7% 17.8% 19.2% 17.1% 17.1% 21.1% -4.1% 21.0% 23.2% 13.6% 23.1% 27.3% 27.7% 20.8% 21.7% 11.1% 11.06%
FCF Margin 33.4% 19.0% 21.4% 18.3% 12.5% 16.8% 15.8% 18.3% 22.3% 19.1% 25.5% 20.1% 18.9% 20.8% 20.0% 20.3% 24.7% 27.9% 27.86%
OCF Margin 33.8% 19.4% 21.8% 19.4% 14.5% 18.7% 17.7% 19.8% 23.1% 21.6% 27.7% 22.3% 20.9% 21.1% 22.2% 22.3% 26.7% 29.7% 29.72%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.84%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 0.49%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.49%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.64%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 4.17%
Cash ROA snapshot only 14.53%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 17.54%
CROIC snapshot only 16.45%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.90%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 11.11%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 13.54%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 40.58%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 7.95%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
P/E Ratio -78.64 -69.92 -67.23 -44.71 -135.76 -1213.35 88.79 129.78 126.72 218.15 319.20 560.12 558.47 54.59 46.00 28.58 24.94 36.96 53.995
P/S Ratio 36.73 20.35 13.02 6.27 4.20 2.88 3.34 5.30 6.67 4.08 4.87 3.29 3.20 3.49 3.28 2.45 2.44 2.92 3.966
P/B Ratio 6.36 4.16 4.35 2.79 1.99 1.46 1.69 2.72 3.33 2.13 2.54 1.72 1.68 1.82 1.72 1.30 1.30 1.56 1.589
P/FCF 110.11 106.93 60.78 34.36 33.50 17.15 21.22 28.95 29.85 21.38 19.09 16.36 16.89 16.81 16.37 12.06 9.88 10.49 10.493
P/OCF 108.73 104.66 59.74 32.33 29.00 15.44 18.84 26.75 28.86 18.86 17.55 14.78 15.25 16.56 14.75 10.97 9.16 9.84 9.839
EV/EBITDA -165.58 -461.32 445.30 99.24 28.41 19.57 21.11 30.35 55.31 31.32 31.95 24.59 16.12 16.09 13.77 9.69 9.54 13.54 13.537
EV/Revenue 40.44 21.45 13.68 6.82 4.70 3.36 3.75 5.64 6.95 4.32 4.99 3.43 3.30 3.56 3.23 2.41 2.33 2.75 2.747
EV/EBIT -92.17 -87.27 -87.75 -64.41 563.96 104.05 69.16 84.76 906.99 198.44 123.54 163.65 38.68 35.38 28.35 18.56 18.36 26.90 26.905
EV/FCF 121.25 112.69 63.90 37.34 37.46 19.96 23.80 30.84 31.13 22.64 19.57 17.05 17.43 17.13 16.12 11.88 9.43 9.86 9.858
Earnings Yield -1.3% -1.4% -1.5% -2.2% -0.7% -0.1% 1.1% 0.8% 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.2% 1.8% 2.2% 3.5% 4.0% 2.7% 2.71%
FCF Yield 0.9% 0.9% 1.6% 2.9% 3.0% 5.8% 4.7% 3.5% 3.4% 4.7% 5.2% 6.1% 5.9% 5.9% 6.1% 8.3% 10.1% 9.5% 9.53%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.350
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 6.908
EV/OCF snapshot only 9.244
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 3.548
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 24.774
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 0.00%
Graham Number snapshot only $6.35
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Current Ratio 3.35 3.35 3.01 3.37 3.73 3.67 3.26 4.01 3.80 3.47 3.21 4.32 3.76 3.71 3.02 4.01 3.64 4.43 4.428
Quick Ratio 3.35 3.35 3.01 3.37 3.73 3.67 3.26 4.01 3.80 3.47 3.21 4.32 3.76 3.71 3.02 4.01 3.64 4.43 4.428
Debt/Equity 0.81 0.31 0.32 0.35 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.25 0.23 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.022
Net Debt/Equity 0.64 0.22 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.18 0.14 0.13 0.06 0.07 0.05 0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.06 -0.09 -0.095
Debt/Assets 0.41 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.19 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.021
Debt/EBITDA -19.21 -32.49 31.05 11.39 4.26 3.84 3.49 3.05 4.06 3.21 2.46 2.24 1.20 0.80 0.46 0.28 0.20 0.21 0.207
Net Debt/EBITDA -15.21 -23.59 21.76 7.93 3.00 2.75 2.29 1.86 2.27 1.75 0.78 0.99 0.50 0.30 -0.21 -0.15 -0.45 -0.87 -0.871
Interest Coverage -6.38 -3.47 -3.26 -2.67 0.30 1.76 2.45 2.56 0.27 0.77 1.57 0.94 4.69 7.06 11.27 20.35 36.75 93.78 93.784
Equity Multiplier 1.96 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.40 1.32 1.33 1.31 1.24 1.21 1.15 1.14 1.09 1.09 1.09 1.093
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.803
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 186.393
Cash to Debt snapshot only 5.214
FCF to Debt snapshot only 6.642
Defensive Interval snapshot only 244.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Asset Turnover 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.30 0.37 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.504
Inventory Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 1.81 3.38 4.84 6.41 7.30 7.61 6.75 7.29 6.58 6.33 6.66 7.40 6.71 6.09 6.88 7.11 7.36 5.50 5.500
Payables Turnover 1.32 2.76 5.19 3.44 5.87 7.49 8.06 5.27 7.76 10.77 8.80 12.57 10.79 18.09 8.05 32.08 19.32 37.00 37.003
DSO 202 108 75 57 50 48 54 50 56 58 55 49 54 60 53 51 50 66 66.4 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 277 132 70 106 62 49 45 69 47 34 41 29 34 20 45 11 19 10 9.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -75 -24 5 -49 -12 -1 9 -19 8 24 13 20 21 40 8 40 31 56 56.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 24.423
Cash Velocity snapshot only 4.572
Capital Intensity snapshot only 2.045
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue — — — — 3.9% 1.6% 59.2% 23.0% 18.2% 16.3% 16.2% 13.5% 13.6% 11.8% 11.7% 13.8% 14.4% 15.5% 15.51%
Net Income — — — — 67.3% 97.9% 1.3% 1.4% 3.0% 10.2% -52.9% -83.7% -87.6% 2.8% 4.2% 15.6% 18.6% 42.9% 42.92%
EPS — — — — 72.0% 98.0% 1.3% 1.4% 2.9% 10.1% -54.5% -83.8% -87.7% 2.6% 4.0% 14.8% 18.1% 38.9% 38.95%
FCF — — — — 85.8% 1.3% 17.1% 23.3% 1.1% 32.1% 88.2% 24.8% -3.8% 21.5% -12.2% 14.8% 49.4% 55.1% 55.06%
EBITDA — — — — 4.3% 10.4% 8.2% 2.3% -10.1% -6.4% 2.2% -14.8% 84.8% 78.9% 67.7% 1.0% 36.6% 6.1% 6.05%
Op. Income — — — — 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 1.6% -1.5% 38.3% 12.8% -62.3% 12.2% 5.5% 2.5% 7.9% 93.3% 27.5% 27.45%
OCF Growth snapshot only 62.89%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.44%
Equity Growth snapshot only 12.47%
Debt Growth snapshot only -72.68%
Shares Change snapshot only 2.86%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 87.9% 49.2% 27.4% 16.7% 15.4% 14.5% 14.51%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.5% 79.2% 31.4% 21.1% 21.11%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 84.6% 46.8% 24.9% 14.7% 13.2% 12.3% 12.27%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.3% 1.3% 1.26%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.6% 53.5% 24.6% 20.9% 44.6% 35.5% 35.51%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 60.3% 53.2% 28.2% 22.2% 41.4% 33.7% 33.66%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Assets 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.3% 1.5% 0.6% -0.5% 0.9% 2.2% 2.15%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Equity 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 29.7% 9.2% 9.5% 10.0% 11.0% 12.5% 12.54%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 21.4% 6.3% 5.9% 7.8% 8.7% 9.6% 9.57%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Revenue Stability — — — — — — — — 0.88 0.90 0.95 0.99 0.84 0.87 0.94 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.994
Earnings Stability — — — — — — — — 0.99 0.88 0.64 0.55 0.61 0.93 0.78 0.77 0.81 0.94 0.943
Margin Stability — — — — — — — — 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.975
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — — — — — — — — 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.83 0.828
Earnings Smoothness — — — — — — — — — — 0.28 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.647
ROE Trend — — — — — — — — 0.07 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.00 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.021
Gross Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.018
FCF Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.01 0.01 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.04 0.08 0.079
Sustainable Growth Rate — — — — — — 2.0% 2.2% 2.8% 1.0% 0.8% 0.3% 0.3% 3.5% 3.9% 4.8% 5.5% 4.5% 4.48%
Internal Growth Rate — — — — — — 1.4% 1.5% 2.0% 0.7% 0.6% 0.2% 0.2% 2.9% 3.3% 4.3% 5.1% 4.2% 4.15%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
OCF/Net Income -0.72 -0.67 -1.13 -1.38 -4.68 -78.61 4.71 4.85 4.39 11.57 18.18 37.90 36.62 3.30 3.12 2.61 2.72 3.76 3.757
FCF/OCF 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.94 0.87 0.90 0.89 0.92 0.97 0.88 0.92 0.90 0.90 0.99 0.90 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.938
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 3.523
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.465
CapEx/Revenue 0.4% 0.4% 0.4% 1.1% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% 1.5% 0.8% 2.5% 2.2% 2.2% 2.0% 0.3% 2.2% 2.0% 1.9% 1.9% 1.85%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.184
Accruals Ratio -0.07 -0.07 -0.09 -0.10 -0.07 -0.07 -0.05 -0.06 -0.07 -0.08 -0.11 -0.09 -0.09 -0.07 -0.07 -0.07 -0.08 -0.11 -0.110
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.019
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 16.037
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Dividend Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio — — — — — — 1.5% 1.4% 1.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 1.7% 1.0% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 1.7% 1.0% 0.8% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% 0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.02%
Total Shareholder Return 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.1% 1.7% 1.0% 0.8% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% 0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.0% -0.02%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.92 0.92 0.95 0.96 1.58 -0.17 1.17 1.01 -2.54 -1.69 1.49 -1.05 0.09 0.74 0.69 0.69 0.73 0.71 0.712
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.16 1.29 1.31 1.37 -2.35 0.43 0.59 0.61 -2.70 -0.51 0.25 -0.27 0.74 0.86 0.91 0.95 1.05 1.09 1.088
EBIT Margin -0.44 -0.25 -0.16 -0.11 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.07 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.102
Asset Turnover 0.09 0.14 0.23 0.30 0.37 0.35 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.45 0.48 0.49 0.50 0.504
Equity Multiplier 1.96 1.44 1.47 1.48 1.64 1.45 1.46 1.44 1.39 1.39 1.37 1.32 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.16 1.15 1.12 1.122
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-0.26 $-0.30 $-0.33 $-0.31 $-0.07 $-0.01 $0.10 $0.11 $0.14 $0.05 $0.05 $0.02 $0.02 $0.20 $0.23 $0.28 $0.33 $0.28 $0.28
Book Value/Share $3.24 $4.96 $5.10 $4.95 $5.00 $4.95 $5.20 $5.24 $5.40 $5.59 $5.66 $5.80 $5.79 $5.95 $6.05 $6.20 $6.42 $6.51 $6.51
Tangible Book/Share $-1.94 $-1.18 $-1.24 $-1.05 $-0.93 $-0.92 $-0.69 $-0.52 $-0.16 $-0.12 $0.09 $0.24 $0.40 $0.63 $0.84 $1.03 $1.27 $1.47 $1.47
Revenue/Share $0.56 $1.01 $1.71 $2.20 $2.36 $2.51 $2.63 $2.69 $2.70 $2.91 $2.95 $3.03 $3.04 $3.10 $3.18 $3.29 $3.41 $3.48 $2.58
FCF/Share $0.19 $0.19 $0.37 $0.40 $0.30 $0.42 $0.41 $0.49 $0.60 $0.56 $0.75 $0.61 $0.58 $0.64 $0.64 $0.67 $0.84 $0.97 $0.63
OCF/Share $0.19 $0.20 $0.37 $0.43 $0.34 $0.47 $0.47 $0.53 $0.62 $0.63 $0.82 $0.67 $0.64 $0.65 $0.71 $0.73 $0.91 $1.03 $0.64
Cash/Share $0.55 $0.42 $0.49 $0.52 $0.49 $0.47 $0.56 $0.60 $0.61 $0.59 $0.78 $0.53 $0.43 $0.35 $0.51 $0.35 $0.54 $0.76 $0.76
EBITDA/Share $-0.14 $-0.05 $0.05 $0.15 $0.39 $0.43 $0.47 $0.50 $0.34 $0.40 $0.46 $0.42 $0.62 $0.68 $0.75 $0.82 $0.83 $0.71 $0.71
Debt/Share $2.63 $1.53 $1.63 $1.72 $1.66 $1.66 $1.63 $1.53 $1.38 $1.29 $1.14 $0.95 $0.74 $0.55 $0.35 $0.23 $0.17 $0.15 $0.15
Net Debt/Share $2.08 $1.11 $1.14 $1.20 $1.17 $1.19 $1.07 $0.93 $0.77 $0.70 $0.36 $0.42 $0.31 $0.20 $-0.16 $-0.12 $-0.38 $-0.61 $-0.61
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.061
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 19.508
Piotroski F-Score 3 3 3 3 6 5 7 7 7 6 5 6 5 8 6 7 6 7 7
Beneish M-Score — — — — -2.23 -2.54 -2.51 -2.61 -2.69 -2.51 -2.86 -2.84 -2.77 -2.78 -2.70 -2.58 -2.77 -2.93 -2.934
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -12.898
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 22.35%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.26
EVA snapshot only $-53413625.47
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AAA
Credit Score 61.49 65.09 56.22 53.39 55.86 53.72 62.60 73.90 65.70 67.57 74.11 68.68 82.07 90.15 94.17 96.39 96.51 95.80 95.802
Credit Grade snapshot only 1
Credit Trend snapshot only 5.653
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 50.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 90
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 92

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