— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 5019.T (JPX) · $vol 45M · IDKOF (OTC) · $vol 0M

IDKOY OTC

Idemitsu Kosan Co.,Ltd.
1W: -6.9% 1M: +0.4% 3M: +20.5% YTD: +21.1% 1Y: +31.9% 3Y: +141.1% 5Y: +111.1%
$18.47
-0.96 (-4.94%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±7.3%
$16 $17 $18 $20 $21
OTC · Energy · Oil & Gas Refining & Marketing · Tech Score Neutral · Power 57 · $11.1B mcap · 438M float · 0.0007% daily turnover · Short 28% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IDKOY receives an overall rating of A+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A A+
2026-09-21 A- A
2026-08-15 B+ A-
2026-08-03 B B+
2026-07-30 B+ B
2026-06-08 None ADDED
2026-06-08 EXISTED None
2026-06-01 None ADDED
2026-05-31 EXISTED None
2026-05-18 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
25
Balance Sheet
58
Earnings Quality
74
Growth
48
Value
—
Momentum
79
Safety
—
Cash Flow
55

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.90
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.99
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 64.3/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.64x
Accruals: -5.7%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IDKOY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IDKOY's score of -2.90 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IDKOY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IDKOY receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 64.3/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IDKOY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
4.94x
PEG
0.00x
P/S
0.22x
P/B
1.15x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$4497.32
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 4.9x earnings, IDKOY trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $4497.32 per share, suggesting a potential 24249% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.758
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.052
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.027
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.623
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.777
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
9.6%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IDKOY's ROE of 9.6% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.623), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$10999.98
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IDKOY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IDKOY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $10999.98, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 4.9x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$18.47
Median 1Y
$18.99
5th Pctile
$10.19
95th Pctile
$35.56
Ann. Volatility
37.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 18.0% 17.6% 20.0% 21.8% 26.3% 27.9% 22.2% 16.8% 7.5% 8.0% 14.0% 13.4% 15.7% 9.0% 6.4% 5.9% 0.8% 2.3% 1.7% 9.6% 9.59%
ROA 5.3% 5.3% 5.8% 6.5% 8.0% 8.7% 6.8% 5.4% 2.4% 2.6% 4.6% 4.6% 5.7% 3.3% 2.2% 2.1% 0.3% 0.9% 0.6% 3.5% 3.45%
ROIC 9.1% 8.8% 9.5% 11.9% 13.5% 13.5% 10.5% 6.9% 2.5% 3.2% 6.8% 8.1% 9.8% 5.8% 4.0% 3.8% 0.5% 1.8% 1.0% 5.4% 5.45%
ROCE 11.8% 11.4% 13.6% 14.8% 18.1% 19.1% 14.5% 11.0% 4.0% 5.7% 10.1% 11.9% 14.0% 7.6% 5.4% 6.1% 0.7% 3.5% 2.8% 7.3% 7.34%
Gross Margin 16.2% 10.9% 12.5% 13.7% 15.7% 9.3% 3.4% 5.4% 9.0% 12.6% 9.2% 8.1% 10.9% 4.5% 6.8% 7.9% 0.0% 9.1% 6.9% 14.9% 14.95%
Operating Margin 8.5% 4.3% 5.6% 7.6% 10.6% 4.6% -2.3% -0.7% 2.5% 7.2% 3.8% 2.3% 5.4% -1.1% 1.1% 1.7% -0.0% 2.4% 0.5% 8.1% 8.12%
Net Margin 6.8% 3.5% 3.2% 3.9% 8.1% 3.9% -1.3% 0.2% 2.5% 5.4% 3.1% -0.5% 4.2% 0.2% 1.2% -1.0% 0.3% 1.6% 0.8% 5.5% 5.52%
EBITDA Margin 10.3% 6.2% 7.1% 9.0% 11.7% 5.7% -0.4% 0.5% 3.9% 8.6% 5.0% 3.4% 6.6% 0.0% 2.2% 2.8% 0.2% 3.8% 1.8% 9.4% 9.41%
FCF Margin -1.3% -0.2% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 1.9% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 2.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.3% 3.5% 3.9% 4.2% 4.6% 4.2% 4.25%
OCF Margin 1.4% 2.2% 2.8% 2.5% 2.1% 2.0% 2.1% 2.2% 2.5% 2.6% 2.5% 2.9% 3.2% 3.7% 4.1% 4.4% 4.9% 5.3% 5.7% 5.6% 5.62%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.28%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 12.67%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.34%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.60%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.36%
Cash ROA snapshot only 8.62%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.98%
CROIC snapshot only 11.33%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.04%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 2.81%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 6.69%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.941
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.219
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.147
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.002
Graham Number snapshot only $4497.32
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.08 1.14 1.12 1.15 1.18 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.29 1.29 1.32 1.33 1.39 1.36 1.27 1.26 1.28 1.32 1.20 1.26 1.261
Quick Ratio 0.59 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.59 0.61 0.64 0.66 0.63 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.73 0.66 0.71 0.66 0.63 0.68 0.66 0.68 0.676
Debt/Equity 1.08 0.96 1.03 0.95 0.98 0.95 1.00 0.90 0.85 0.82 0.78 0.72 0.62 0.59 0.73 0.70 0.73 0.71 0.91 0.71 0.710
Net Debt/Equity 0.97 0.91 0.96 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.84 0.77 0.72 0.68 0.64 0.55 0.57 0.62 0.60 0.65 0.64 0.77 0.60 0.600
Debt/Assets 0.33 0.30 0.30 0.29 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.26 0.25 0.28 0.27 0.30 0.26 0.256
Debt/EBITDA 3.15 2.97 2.86 2.47 2.32 2.25 2.83 3.58 6.27 5.55 3.66 2.83 2.21 3.15 4.72 4.45 9.91 6.16 8.71 4.20 4.198
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.83 2.79 2.67 2.21 2.08 2.13 2.63 3.33 5.67 4.89 3.17 2.52 1.96 3.06 4.05 3.84 8.88 5.54 7.41 3.54 3.544
Interest Coverage 25.04 25.14 30.29 33.61 43.75 44.08 28.99 19.45 6.36 8.95 16.12 16.57 21.13 14.65 15.03 38.99 168.00 23.22 8.81 15.56 15.555
Equity Multiplier 3.28 3.22 3.41 3.26 3.28 3.18 3.17 3.01 2.88 2.92 2.90 2.78 2.64 2.51 2.80 2.78 2.61 2.62 2.99 2.78 2.778
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.090
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 23.096
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.156
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.255
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1201.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.27 1.37 1.43 1.56 1.65 1.80 1.91 2.00 1.84 1.64 1.65 1.77 1.88 1.87 1.76 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.60 1.62 1.623
Inventory Turnover 6.51 6.54 6.73 6.61 5.96 6.22 6.93 7.31 6.22 5.37 5.37 5.86 6.13 6.23 6.05 6.43 6.60 6.51 5.93 5.71 5.706
Receivables Turnover 9.79 9.54 8.35 9.09 13.57 13.12 12.70 11.05 20.20 13.52 11.14 9.90 15.31 12.92 9.68 10.59 12.08 11.62 8.94 9.91 9.906
Payables Turnover 9.18 9.31 8.63 8.46 9.20 10.18 11.54 11.26 11.26 9.90 9.98 10.56 11.38 11.36 9.56 10.51 12.37 11.96 9.63 8.99 8.991
DSO 37 38 44 40 27 28 29 33 18 27 33 37 24 28 38 34 30 31 41 37 36.8 days
DIO 56 56 54 55 61 59 53 50 59 68 68 62 60 59 60 57 55 56 62 64 64.0 days
DPO 40 39 42 43 40 36 32 32 32 37 37 35 32 32 38 35 29 31 38 41 40.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 54 55 56 52 48 51 50 51 44 58 64 65 51 55 60 57 56 57 64 60 60.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.371
Operating Cycle snapshot only 121.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 38.543
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.651
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue -12.2% 6.8% 27.6% 46.7% 55.6% 59.7% 54.4% 41.4% 19.5% 0.4% -6.5% -7.8% 1.0% 6.1% 6.3% 5.4% -4.2% -7.3% -9.4% -10.6% -10.57%
Net Income 2.5% 3.1% 3.5% 7.0% 81.0% 99.1% 35.8% -9.2% -67.7% -67.0% -26.2% -9.9% 1.3% 18.3% -51.9% -54.5% -94.9% -74.7% -74.3% 68.1% 68.12%
EPS 2.5% 3.1% 3.5% 7.0% 81.0% 99.1% 27.0% -15.0% -69.0% -67.7% -21.8% -3.8% 1.5% 24.3% -49.0% -51.2% -94.2% -72.1% -72.2% 78.3% 78.29%
FCF -34.6% 88.1% 1.2% 1.3% 1.6% 8.0% 2.7% 3.8% 4.9% 1.6% 54.9% 30.1% 14.7% 26.2% 39.6% 35.2% 31.7% 29.1% 27.1% 8.9% 8.90%
EBITDA 6.2% 13.2% 19.4% 1.8% 56.6% 70.6% 22.4% -24.8% -66.6% -63.6% -32.9% 13.0% 1.4% 33.9% -27.4% -41.5% -77.1% -43.1% -35.0% 21.3% 21.29%
Op. Income 4.0% 6.2% 6.9% 2.1% 72.8% 92.7% 22.9% -35.0% -83.2% -78.5% -39.0% 22.6% 3.5% 83.4% -36.6% -53.2% -90.7% -53.3% -44.6% 46.3% 46.32%
OCF Growth snapshot only 14.76%
Asset Growth snapshot only 12.07%
Equity Growth snapshot only 11.98%
Debt Growth snapshot only 14.36%
Shares Change snapshot only -5.70%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 17.80%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 7.7% 9.3% 10.8% 14.8% 15.7% 17.6% 17.9% 16.1% 17.8% 19.6% 22.6% 24.1% 23.4% 19.4% 15.3% 11.2% 5.0% -0.4% -3.4% -4.6% -4.57%
Revenue 5Y 8.0% 11.6% 14.6% 16.0% 17.8% 20.1% 20.8% 20.4% 18.4% 15.9% 14.4% 14.5% 13.3% 11.6% 10.2% 8.7% 9.6% 11.0% 12.1% 12.5% 12.52%
EPS 3Y 2.1% 0.2% 26.8% 50.8% 81.1% 1.6% 90.4% — — — — 87.1% 11.3% -7.2% -20.3% -26.4% -64.8% -51.8% -52.0% -5.8% -5.79%
EPS 5Y — — 36.3% 26.0% 31.2% 27.7% 12.3% 7.9% -9.8% -8.3% 15.1% 22.9% 35.2% 48.3% 22.4% — — — — 41.6% 41.58%
Net Income 3Y 2.1% 0.2% 26.8% 50.8% 81.1% 1.6% 94.7% — — — — 87.0% 10.8% -8.1% -21.6% -28.1% -66.2% -53.8% -55.0% -11.6% -11.65%
Net Income 5Y — — 36.3% 26.0% 31.2% 27.7% 13.8% 9.3% -9.0% -7.9% 15.4% 22.9% 34.9% 47.5% 21.3% — — — — 38.0% 38.03%
EBITDA 3Y 13.1% 9.7% 23.8% 38.5% 62.6% 77.2% 51.9% 98.9% — — — 33.3% 8.2% -6.0% -15.8% -20.8% -43.0% -34.8% -31.8% -7.1% -7.12%
EBITDA 5Y — 66.9% 38.7% 29.6% 32.3% 28.4% 18.7% 10.4% -5.4% -3.9% 9.3% 17.7% 28.3% 22.1% 11.3% 39.0% — — — 10.9% 10.94%
Gross Profit 3Y 11.8% 10.7% 18.3% 21.9% 28.8% 32.4% 21.0% 24.3% 25.8% 22.6% 31.0% 14.9% 7.7% 0.4% -5.1% -8.0% -24.2% -21.6% -18.5% -5.9% -5.87%
Gross Profit 5Y 23.2% 20.0% 17.7% 16.1% 18.7% 18.0% 13.7% 10.0% 2.7% 3.3% 9.7% 11.7% 14.3% 9.9% 5.3% 10.8% 7.7% 8.5% 8.2% 3.4% 3.45%
Op. Income 3Y 10.6% 8.3% 25.3% 34.3% 57.8% 79.2% 46.6% — — — — 35.2% 9.6% -8.7% -21.9% -28.0% -58.6% -43.1% -40.1% -5.6% -5.64%
Op. Income 5Y — 68.6% 35.1% 26.3% 30.8% 26.4% 16.9% 7.0% -17.0% -12.0% 8.1% 14.1% 24.5% 17.8% 4.0% — — — — 11.1% 11.12%
FCF 3Y — — -21.4% -20.6% -19.7% 6.6% 25.7% 1.5% — — — — — — 99.8% 1.0% 1.1% 60.8% 40.1% 24.2% 24.21%
FCF 5Y — — -24.7% -20.5% -14.4% 13.3% 68.8% 46.5% 38.8% 29.6% 22.6% 25.7% 28.6% 31.3% 33.9% 94.1% — — — — —
OCF 3Y -10.2% 1.1% 7.6% 5.4% 3.2% 5.6% 8.4% 25.8% 56.3% 1.6% — 1.4% 62.9% 41.3% 30.3% 34.8% 39.2% 37.5% 35.3% 30.2% 30.22%
OCF 5Y -18.8% -10.2% -4.7% -1.3% 3.2% 13.0% 29.2% 23.0% 18.9% 13.8% 9.5% 12.8% 15.6% 18.0% 20.1% 30.8% 48.5% 1.0% — 91.2% 91.16%
Assets 3Y 12.6% 12.0% 13.6% 16.8% 8.2% 10.5% 8.1% 7.8% 8.9% 11.5% 10.8% 8.2% 7.3% 3.9% 4.7% 1.2% -5.2% -5.7% 0.3% 3.2% 3.23%
Assets 5Y 11.4% 12.5% 11.3% 11.7% 14.4% 15.1% 12.4% 10.7% 10.5% 11.7% 11.5% 11.6% 4.3% 3.2% 4.5% 4.2% 3.8% 4.0% 6.3% 6.2% 6.24%
Equity 3Y 11.7% 12.1% 14.3% 18.8% 7.5% 10.4% 9.7% 12.0% 16.6% 17.5% 18.2% 16.1% 15.4% 13.0% 11.8% 6.8% 2.2% 0.6% 2.3% 6.1% 6.06%
Book Value 3Y 11.7% 12.1% 14.3% 18.8% 7.5% 10.4% 7.3% 9.6% 15.0% 16.6% 17.8% 16.1% 15.9% 14.0% 13.6% 9.3% 6.7% 4.9% 9.2% 13.1% 13.09%
Dividend 3Y 9.5% -0.9% -9.2% -8.3% -7.4% -14.5% -26.3% -40.7% — — — 4.0% — — — 64.4% 34.6% 18.9% 11.7% 10.4% 10.43%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.76 0.87 0.78 0.69 0.77 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.82 0.83 0.78 0.79 0.83 0.80 0.75 0.75 0.80 0.66 0.52 0.47 0.469
Earnings Stability 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.06 0.14 0.17 0.13 0.24 0.08 0.12 0.39 0.58 0.36 0.24 0.25 0.26 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.007
Margin Stability 0.61 0.72 0.78 0.77 0.66 0.72 0.75 0.72 0.59 0.69 0.77 0.82 0.70 0.72 0.78 0.72 0.57 0.69 0.80 0.79 0.793
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.96 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.96 0.50 0.93 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — — 0.00 0.42 0.34 0.70 0.90 0.00 0.00 0.70 0.90 0.20 0.83 0.30 0.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.492
ROE Trend 0.21 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.22 0.21 0.15 0.04 -0.13 -0.13 -0.06 -0.05 -0.01 -0.07 -0.10 -0.08 -0.10 -0.06 -0.08 -0.00 -0.003
Gross Margin Trend 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.00 -0.04 -0.08 -0.06 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.005
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.011
Sustainable Growth Rate 13.7% 13.8% 16.6% 18.7% 23.6% 26.0% 21.0% 16.2% 7.5% 8.0% 14.0% 12.8% 14.6% 7.3% 4.2% 3.5% -1.6% -0.2% -0.9% 7.1% 7.05%
Internal Growth Rate 4.2% 4.4% 5.0% 5.9% 7.7% 8.9% 6.9% 5.5% 2.5% 2.7% 4.9% 4.6% 5.6% 2.8% 1.5% 1.3% — — — 2.6% 2.61%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.34 0.57 0.70 0.59 0.43 0.42 0.58 0.82 1.89 1.61 0.88 1.12 1.07 2.07 3.23 3.87 29.91 10.96 15.88 2.64 2.638
FCF/OCF -0.91 -0.10 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.50 0.72 0.87 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.92 0.87 0.83 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.76 0.756
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.996
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.416
CapEx/Revenue 2.7% 2.4% 2.2% 1.9% 1.6% 1.0% 0.6% 0.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.2% 0.4% 0.6% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.4% 1.37%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.057
Accruals Ratio 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.01 -0.02 -0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.06 -0.057
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.008
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.907
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.31%
Dividend/Share $70.02 $64.99 $59.97 $57.82 $55.68 $40.69 $24.04 $12.04 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $14.46 $29.31 $44.60 $60.75 $64.22 $70.52 $72.94 $75.35 $75.65 $72.00
Payout Ratio 23.8% 21.5% 17.2% 14.4% 10.5% 6.8% 5.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.4% 7.2% 18.5% 34.4% 40.1% 3.0% 1.1% 1.5% 26.5% 26.48%
FCF Payout Ratio — — 1.1% 1.1% 1.0% 32.5% 12.9% 4.9% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 4.2% 7.8% 10.8% 13.4% 13.0% 12.7% 12.4% 12.1% 13.3% 13.27%
Total Payout Ratio 27.0% 23.1% 17.2% 14.4% 10.5% 6.8% 5.4% 3.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 10.7% 17.5% 44.9% 83.5% 1.2% 10.8% 4.4% 7.0% 97.7% 97.70%
Div. Increase Streak 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.68 0.70 0.68 0.72 0.73 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.78 0.78 0.76 0.70 0.69 0.71 0.69 0.66 0.65 0.55 0.49 0.76 0.758
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.04 1.04 1.03 1.03 1.02 1.07 1.09 1.17 1.42 1.10 1.09 0.97 0.98 1.07 1.12 0.98 1.19 0.79 0.77 1.05 1.052
EBIT Margin 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.027
Asset Turnover 1.27 1.37 1.43 1.56 1.65 1.80 1.91 2.00 1.84 1.64 1.65 1.77 1.88 1.87 1.76 1.88 1.86 1.85 1.60 1.62 1.623
Equity Multiplier 3.40 3.31 3.46 3.34 3.28 3.20 3.27 3.13 3.08 3.05 3.03 2.89 2.75 2.71 2.85 2.78 2.63 2.56 2.89 2.78 2.777
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $294.30 $301.63 $348.55 $401.95 $532.74 $600.55 $442.83 $341.73 $165.06 $193.96 $346.26 $328.71 $405.35 $241.02 $176.57 $160.25 $23.31 $67.33 $49.02 $285.71 $285.71
Book Value/Share $1786.51 $1863.06 $1894.86 $2030.77 $2258.80 $2439.21 $2211.03 $2175.21 $2246.39 $2487.71 $2589.15 $2589.04 $2779.49 $2760.78 $2781.25 $2649.53 $2741.01 $2819.43 $2875.66 $3146.25 $2769.91
Tangible Book/Share $1333.29 $1416.14 $1445.12 $1586.93 $1821.53 $2008.69 $1813.35 $1784.18 $1852.80 $2092.60 $2196.87 $2197.75 $2389.56 $2370.58 $2386.36 $2257.45 $2311.88 $2395.11 $2453.88 $2719.45 $2719.45
Revenue/Share $7012.36 $7777.23 $8617.93 $9616.38 $10914.18 $12416.51 $12444.07 $12740.20 $12504.49 $12199.44 $12316.72 $12542.05 $13350.44 $13600.70 $13887.14 $14153.83 $14327.46 $13924.24 $13605.97 $13422.24 $14096.97
FCF/Share $-90.07 $-17.97 $54.13 $54.50 $54.86 $125.02 $186.70 $245.45 $311.18 $312.15 $306.32 $341.01 $377.37 $413.66 $453.58 $493.73 $556.73 $589.90 $623.07 $570.17 $0.00
OCF/Share $99.05 $172.10 $245.15 $236.39 $227.64 $250.04 $258.97 $281.64 $311.18 $312.15 $306.32 $368.75 $433.57 $499.18 $570.07 $619.47 $697.46 $738.02 $778.59 $753.85 $0.00
Cash/Share $193.46 $106.09 $128.57 $201.74 $232.13 $125.49 $152.88 $141.72 $184.29 $243.60 $273.87 $200.41 $194.40 $46.77 $284.72 $255.29 $206.10 $199.51 $392.06 $348.24 $623.80
EBITDA/Share $609.86 $604.38 $682.51 $777.88 $954.76 $1031.25 $781.14 $548.10 $305.25 $367.36 $555.40 $661.08 $783.73 $516.69 $427.92 $413.84 $201.19 $324.84 $300.50 $532.29 $532.29
Debt/Share $1922.14 $1793.67 $1948.85 $1922.50 $2218.70 $2320.77 $2208.40 $1964.21 $1914.87 $2038.42 $2032.43 $1867.73 $1728.94 $1625.40 $2018.90 $1842.53 $1993.48 $2000.33 $2617.55 $2234.51 $2234.51
Net Debt/Share $1728.68 $1687.58 $1820.28 $1720.75 $1986.56 $2195.28 $2055.52 $1822.49 $1730.58 $1794.82 $1758.56 $1667.32 $1534.54 $1578.63 $1734.18 $1587.24 $1787.37 $1800.82 $2225.49 $1886.27 $1886.27
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 7 7 7 6 5 4 6 7 6 7 8 8 6 6 5 5 5 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.51 -1.60 -1.96 -1.58 -2.51 -2.35 -1.54 -1.62 -2.43 -4.03 -2.80 -2.63 -2.36 -1.69 -2.55 -2.85 142.25 -3.26 -2.57 -2.90 -2.898
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.990
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 10.22%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-675.82
EVA snapshot only $-140264846203.51
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 58.80 61.80 61.80 63.30 63.30 65.55 65.55 63.70 54.55 58.05 64.30 65.80 68.55 64.55 64.30 65.55 62.55 63.55 57.55 64.30 64.300
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only -1.250
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000

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