— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: INCH.L (LSE) · $vol 8M · INCPY (OTC) · $vol 0M

IHCPF OTC

Inchcape plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +12.2% 1Y: +20.5% 3Y: +19.8% 5Y: +1.6%
$11.00
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Consumer Cyclical · Auto - Dealerships · Tech Score Neutral · Power 58 · $3.8B mcap · 297M float · 0.0013% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
5
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
4
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IHCPF receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (4/5), P/E (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-03 None ADDED
2026-09-30 EXISTED None
2026-09-26 None ADDED
2026-09-26 EXISTED None
2026-09-22 None ADDED
2026-09-19 EXISTED None
2026-09-15 None ADDED
2026-09-13 EXISTED None
2026-09-09 None ADDED
2026-09-05 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
40
Balance Sheet
48
Earnings Quality
90
Growth
53
Value
—
Momentum
78
Safety
—
Cash Flow
47

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.48
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.26
Bankruptcy prob: 0.2%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 63.1/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.23x
Accruals: -2.4%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IHCPF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IHCPF's score of -2.48 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IHCPF's implied 0.2% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IHCPF receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 63.1/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). IHCPF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
11.38x
PEG
-0.29x
P/S
0.27x
P/B
2.36x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$11.24
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 11.4x earnings, IHCPF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $11.24 per share, suggesting a potential 2% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.885
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.706
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.058
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.902
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
5.026
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
52.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IHCPF's ROE of 52.7% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 5.03x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$70.71
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with IHCPF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. IHCPF actually compounded EPS at 135.8% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. IHCPF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $70.71, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 11.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$11.00
Median 1Y
$10.69
5th Pctile
$6.10
95th Pctile
$18.94
Ann. Volatility
34.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 27.3% 29.8% 34.1% 31.0% 21.9% 20.8% 26.2% 4.3% 15.0% 7.3% -1.9% 28.9% 28.1% 35.5% 39.2% 37.9% 47.5% 54.6% 49.9% 52.7% 52.71%
ROA 9.4% 9.8% 10.9% 10.0% 6.6% 5.8% 7.6% 1.2% 4.4% 2.1% -0.6% 7.7% 6.8% 9.1% 9.6% 8.9% 11.0% 11.1% 10.7% 10.5% 10.49%
ROIC 33.2% 37.4% 40.3% 33.8% 34.5% 26.0% 32.7% 14.3% 29.8% 21.9% -14.4% 41.0% 18.9% 23.3% 27.7% 19.7% 43.2% 44.6% 38.2% 38.4% 38.43%
ROCE 19.6% 18.7% 20.0% 20.3% 22.1% 24.5% 30.6% 23.4% 19.2% 13.3% 7.1% 27.4% 18.4% 26.2% 33.6% 39.3% 47.3% 49.3% 44.0% 44.6% 44.57%
Gross Margin 13.6% 13.8% 14.1% 13.9% 14.2% 12.2% 12.2% 10.2% 12.1% 12.6% 14.8% 14.6% 15.5% 17.1% 16.6% 17.2% 17.5% 17.0% 15.9% 15.9% 15.90%
Operating Margin 4.7% 4.6% 4.5% 4.3% 4.4% 3.5% 3.8% 0.3% 3.3% 3.9% 3.8% 5.3% 4.6% 5.8% 5.0% 6.3% 5.8% 5.4% 5.2% 5.3% 5.25%
Net Margin 1.6% 3.1% 2.9% 2.4% -1.7% 2.4% 4.5% -6.3% 1.3% 0.6% 2.5% 3.9% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.4% 6.7% 2.9% 3.1% 1.8% 1.80%
EBITDA Margin 5.0% 0.0% 4.8% 0.0% 4.7% 5.0% 7.1% -3.8% 3.3% 3.2% 5.3% 6.5% 5.2% 6.7% 6.4% 6.8% 7.8% 6.2% 6.5% 6.5% 6.50%
FCF Margin 2.7% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.5% 3.0% 3.2% 3.0% 2.9% 4.0% 3.6% 5.0% 4.7% 4.4% 4.7% 4.5% 4.9% 4.5% 4.6% 3.9% 3.87%
OCF Margin 3.5% 3.7% 3.9% 4.2% 4.5% 4.0% 4.1% 3.8% 3.6% 4.7% 4.4% 5.8% 5.5% 5.2% 5.6% 5.3% 5.7% 5.3% 5.3% 4.5% 4.46%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 40.89%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 31.46%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 8.73%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 24.23%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 32.17%
Cash ROA snapshot only 13.74%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 46.10%
CROIC snapshot only 40.02%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 3.72%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 4.08%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.93%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.08%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.377
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.271
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.365
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $11.24
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.10 1.14 1.12 1.04 1.06 1.13 1.15 1.20 1.17 1.23 1.20 1.11 1.17 1.16 1.06 1.10 1.15 1.09 1.07 1.03 1.029
Quick Ratio 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.49 0.42 0.46 0.48 0.50 0.50 0.63 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.43 0.40 0.58 0.50 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.460
Debt/Equity 0.58 0.62 0.63 0.76 0.45 0.72 0.53 0.77 0.53 0.47 0.49 0.50 1.27 1.09 1.14 2.11 0.75 1.19 1.01 1.25 1.251
Net Debt/Equity 0.10 0.04 -0.02 0.14 0.10 0.44 0.26 0.32 0.06 -0.03 -0.05 -0.02 0.63 0.77 0.68 1.65 0.36 0.64 0.48 0.61 0.607
Debt/Assets 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.13 0.19 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.45 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.23 0.232
Debt/EBITDA 2.03 2.16 2.13 2.72 1.44 1.43 0.85 1.26 0.94 1.17 1.63 0.80 2.44 1.54 1.41 2.31 0.73 0.93 1.01 1.12 1.118
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.34 0.15 -0.07 0.51 0.32 0.88 0.43 0.52 0.12 -0.08 -0.17 -0.03 1.22 1.08 0.85 1.81 0.35 0.50 0.49 0.54 0.542
Interest Coverage — — — — — 27.88 14.80 7.82 4.58 3.56 2.06 7.82 8.52 5.15 4.53 3.65 3.29 3.64 2.88 2.99 2.987
Equity Multiplier 3.26 3.40 3.40 3.42 3.40 3.75 3.49 3.85 3.49 3.11 3.21 3.63 4.54 4.50 4.69 4.74 4.09 5.58 4.65 5.39 5.390
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.199
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.479
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.515
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.514
Defensive Interval snapshot only 291.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 3.84 4.00 4.04 4.00 4.00 3.88 4.00 3.65 3.87 3.55 3.61 3.71 2.98 3.40 3.66 3.81 3.29 3.14 2.83 2.90 2.902
Inventory Turnover 9.89 9.89 9.66 10.03 9.22 9.33 9.72 9.13 9.32 9.55 9.37 9.47 7.52 8.19 8.53 10.36 7.97 6.87 6.41 7.57 7.574
Receivables Turnover 64.42 38.56 51.44 38.49 59.47 35.05 46.37 37.11 61.95 30.91 54.98 36.09 50.59 28.41 62.88 32.33 33.00 23.63 30.35 22.65 22.650
Payables Turnover 33.97 7.75 11.34 7.90 13.68 7.42 7.66 7.35 9.51 7.06 8.40 6.97 8.99 6.61 10.10 11.58 7.80 5.58 6.25 7.99 7.987
DSO 6 9 7 9 6 10 8 10 6 12 7 10 7 13 6 11 11 15 12 16 16.1 days
DIO 37 37 38 36 40 39 38 40 39 38 39 39 49 45 43 35 46 53 57 48 48.2 days
DPO 11 47 32 46 27 49 48 50 38 52 43 52 41 55 36 32 47 65 58 46 45.7 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 32 -1 13 -0 19 0 -2 0 7 -2 2 -4 15 2 12 15 10 3 11 19 18.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 20.555
Operating Cycle snapshot only 64.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 25.779
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.324
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 10.9% 18.4% 24.0% 26.4% 24.2% 17.6% 11.1% -3.3% -11.0% -16.7% -22.4% -10.0% -2.7% 13.3% 35.2% 33.0% 31.3% 11.0% -6.2% -10.2% -10.23%
Net Income -3.6% -0.8% 27.2% 26.3% -16.7% -27.8% -21.4% -87.5% -39.1% -67.0% -1.1% 4.8% 98.2% 4.1% 23.3% 49.3% 90.7% 45.4% 34.5% 38.7% 38.66%
EPS 2.9% 5.6% 34.3% 32.2% -14.5% -26.4% -19.9% -86.8% -35.2% -65.3% -1.1% 4.9% 56.0% 3.9% 22.2% 37.4% 1.3% 54.6% 51.5% 60.7% 60.74%
FCF 11.6% 6.2% 1.8% 36.6% 61.5% 21.5% 24.0% -4.2% -26.5% 12.1% -13.9% 48.8% 58.6% 24.5% 78.2% 19.2% 36.7% 14.2% -8.6% -22.4% -22.36%
EBITDA 19.7% 19.7% 22.4% 22.4% 14.7% 77.1% 87.6% 60.5% 33.1% -30.6% -57.9% 3.6% 36.5% 1.2% 2.7% 84.2% 79.0% 25.2% 2.2% -4.3% -4.34%
Op. Income 13.4% 17.6% 18.2% 21.9% 16.8% 4.7% -3.9% -30.6% -41.1% -39.6% -42.1% 13.1% 46.1% 87.6% 1.4% 77.8% 69.8% 24.8% 2.4% -10.6% -10.62%
OCF Growth snapshot only -24.59%
Asset Growth snapshot only -11.07%
Equity Growth snapshot only -21.77%
Debt Growth snapshot only -53.66%
Shares Change snapshot only -13.74%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 3.44%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 77.5% 41.9% 20.1% 7.0% 5.1% 2.3% 3.2% 2.4% 3.5% 5.3% 5.0% 4.3% 1.6% -0.5% 2.4% 2.41%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 39.5% 24.6% 15.7% 9.4% 7.9% 6.3% 5.6% 5.59%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 47.4% 28.1% -41.1% -17.1% -35.4% — 1.1% -4.8% 7.5% 4.6% 2.4% 32.6% 37.6% 29.3% 1.4% 1.36%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 40.1% 24.6% 10.8% 15.4% 15.2% 18.4% 18.0% 17.96%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 41.2% 22.3% -44.2% -21.2% -38.2% — -3.0% 0.2% 6.9% 4.5% 2.5% 32.0% 35.0% 24.9% 1.3% 1.29%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 36.7% 21.6% 8.5% 13.1% 12.0% 14.3% 13.6% 13.56%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — 73.0% 64.2% 22.3% 13.8% -1.1% 26.8% 27.7% 40.1% 42.7% 45.3% 48.2% 24.8% 16.6% 22.2% 22.24%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 51.7% 53.3% 34.9% 32.7% 29.5% 29.1% 29.13%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 74.7% 38.2% 14.7% 0.7% -1.0% -2.2% 1.4% 3.2% 7.5% 10.6% 11.6% 11.5% 9.5% 8.1% 12.7% 12.69%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 42.1% 27.7% 19.4% 13.5% 11.8% 9.8% 8.7% 8.73%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 73.2% 37.2% 6.5% -7.9% -9.4% -13.0% -1.4% 0.2% 5.9% 9.8% 11.8% 13.5% 12.3% 12.1% 21.6% 21.60%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 42.6% 28.9% 19.4% 14.1% 11.7% 9.9% 8.8% 8.75%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 6.7% 1.1% 36.7% 9.8% 13.1% 2.8% 24.9% 23.5% 19.2% 23.9% 19.3% 16.8% 16.8% 11.9% 11.3% 11.25%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.6% 70.6% 35.3% 23.5% 15.5% 12.1% 12.5% 12.51%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 1.4% 68.2% 25.7% 5.5% 10.5% 3.1% 21.8% 19.3% 15.6% 18.0% 13.7% 12.6% 11.1% 8.4% 8.3% 8.28%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.8% 46.6% 27.3% 18.9% 14.1% 11.0% 10.8% 10.75%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 11.4% 9.6% 8.5% 3.6% 2.6% 1.2% 3.0% 16.7% 13.9% 13.5% 9.3% 6.0% 4.3% 9.4% 11.9% 11.90%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.8% 16.1% 15.0% 11.5% 11.2% 11.3% 9.9% 9.92%
Equity 3Y — — — — — -5.8% -4.6% -8.5% -6.9% -2.6% -3.1% -6.4% 4.5% 3.8% 2.0% -2.0% -0.3% -8.6% -0.6% 0.0% 0.02%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — -1.7% 0.0% -3.5% -2.1% 1.8% 0.5% -2.4% -0.7% 4.3% 2.1% -2.1% 0.1% -6.8% 2.9% 3.1% 3.10%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — 9.9% 10.4% -6.4% -16.1% -31.2% -36.3% -4.6% 3.1% 47.8% 60.9% 31.2% 25.5% 9.9% 8.3% -0.8% -0.77%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.89 0.96 1.00 0.94 0.88 0.92 0.84 0.57 0.30 0.07 0.08 0.01 0.67 0.65 0.69 0.56 0.60 0.44 0.61 0.611
Earnings Stability — 0.74 0.98 0.93 0.88 0.26 0.49 0.29 0.88 0.02 0.14 0.10 0.16 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.22 0.18 0.11 0.26 0.261
Margin Stability — 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.873
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 1.00 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.89 0.91 0.50 0.84 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.80 0.50 0.82 0.50 0.85 0.845
Earnings Smoothness 0.96 0.99 0.76 0.77 0.82 0.68 0.76 0.00 0.51 0.00 — 0.00 0.34 0.00 — 0.60 0.38 0.63 0.71 0.68 0.676
ROE Trend — 0.11 0.10 0.06 -0.06 -0.09 -0.03 -0.23 -0.07 -0.17 -0.32 0.11 0.04 0.18 0.21 0.17 0.30 0.47 0.39 0.29 0.287
Gross Margin Trend — -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.014
FCF Margin Trend — 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.01 -0.009
Sustainable Growth Rate 13.6% 15.0% 19.5% 16.3% 6.0% 4.2% 9.6% -7.1% 5.9% 2.2% — 18.7% 17.2% 20.3% 22.7% 17.6% 28.6% 34.4% 32.0% 34.5% 34.54%
Internal Growth Rate 4.9% 5.2% 6.7% 5.6% 1.8% 1.2% 2.9% — 1.8% 0.7% — 5.3% 4.4% 5.5% 5.9% 4.3% 7.1% 7.5% 7.4% 7.4% 7.38%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.42 1.53 1.46 1.66 2.75 2.69 2.15 11.64 3.18 7.84 -27.35 2.77 2.40 1.93 2.11 2.27 1.71 1.50 1.40 1.23 1.234
FCF/OCF 0.76 0.77 0.74 0.73 0.77 0.73 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.86 0.82 0.86 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.868
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.071
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.662
CapEx/Revenue 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.1% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.8% 0.7% 0.6% 0.59%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.618
Accruals Ratio -0.04 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.12 -0.10 -0.09 -0.13 -0.10 -0.14 -0.16 -0.14 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 -0.11 -0.08 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.024
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.073
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.430
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.54%
Dividend/Share $0.42 $0.45 $0.46 $0.51 $0.52 $0.53 $0.55 $0.37 $0.28 $0.16 $0.13 $0.29 $0.28 $0.48 $0.52 $0.61 $0.67 $0.64 $0.67 $0.63 $0.34
Payout Ratio 50.3% 49.4% 42.7% 47.6% 72.6% 79.9% 63.5% 2.7% 60.4% 69.2% — 35.3% 38.9% 42.9% 42.1% 53.6% 39.8% 37.0% 35.8% 34.5% 34.48%
FCF Payout Ratio 46.3% 42.1% 39.6% 39.2% 34.5% 40.5% 37.4% 28.6% 23.8% 10.3% 10.0% 14.7% 19.1% 26.3% 23.4% 28.0% 27.3% 28.9% 29.3% 32.2% 32.21%
Total Payout Ratio 1.1% 1.1% 83.4% 75.6% 97.9% 93.1% 97.6% 5.3% 1.4% 2.0% — 81.9% 83.1% 78.1% 59.9% 61.3% 65.8% 85.7% 96.5% 1.1% 1.10%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.68 0.68 0.71 0.70 0.62 0.63 0.69 0.34 0.68 0.53 -0.38 0.71 0.68 0.70 0.69 0.64 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.89 0.885
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.48 1.58 1.61 1.59 1.18 0.76 0.79 0.34 0.77 0.69 0.47 0.89 0.89 0.81 0.74 0.68 0.66 0.68 0.74 0.71 0.706
EBIT Margin 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.058
Asset Turnover 3.84 4.00 4.04 4.00 4.00 3.88 4.00 3.65 3.87 3.55 3.61 3.71 2.98 3.40 3.66 3.81 3.29 3.14 2.83 2.90 2.902
Equity Multiplier 2.90 3.04 3.13 3.09 3.33 3.58 3.44 3.60 3.44 3.45 3.36 3.74 4.12 3.89 4.07 4.25 4.33 4.94 4.68 5.03 5.026
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.84 $0.91 $1.08 $1.06 $0.72 $0.67 $0.87 $0.14 $0.47 $0.23 $-0.06 $0.83 $0.73 $1.13 $1.24 $1.14 $1.67 $1.74 $1.88 $1.84 $1.84
Book Value/Share $3.13 $3.12 $3.44 $3.59 $3.33 $3.23 $3.12 $2.79 $2.65 $2.95 $2.81 $2.89 $3.07 $3.54 $3.66 $3.37 $3.34 $2.61 $3.40 $3.06 $3.33
Tangible Book/Share $1.70 $1.66 $1.90 $1.74 $1.88 $1.72 $1.71 $1.52 $1.51 $1.85 $1.81 $1.67 $0.72 $0.70 $0.60 $0.50 $0.54 $-0.14 $0.18 $-0.18 $-0.18
Revenue/Share $34.22 $37.11 $40.23 $42.36 $43.61 $44.48 $45.58 $43.21 $41.25 $38.95 $36.66 $39.91 $31.59 $41.80 $47.07 $48.83 $50.13 $49.37 $49.73 $50.81 $26.75
FCF/Share $0.91 $1.06 $1.17 $1.29 $1.51 $1.32 $1.47 $1.30 $1.18 $1.55 $1.32 $1.99 $1.48 $1.83 $2.23 $2.18 $2.44 $2.23 $2.29 $1.97 $1.00
OCF/Share $1.20 $1.39 $1.58 $1.77 $1.98 $1.80 $1.87 $1.63 $1.48 $1.81 $1.60 $2.30 $1.74 $2.18 $2.61 $2.59 $2.86 $2.61 $2.63 $2.27 $1.13
Cash/Share $1.51 $1.81 $2.22 $2.23 $1.17 $0.89 $0.82 $1.27 $1.22 $1.48 $1.51 $1.50 $1.95 $1.15 $1.66 $1.55 $1.33 $1.45 $1.78 $1.97 $2.02
EBITDA/Share $0.89 $0.90 $1.01 $1.01 $1.05 $1.62 $1.93 $1.71 $1.48 $1.18 $0.84 $1.82 $1.59 $2.51 $2.94 $3.09 $3.44 $3.34 $3.39 $3.42 $3.42
Debt/Share $1.80 $1.95 $2.15 $2.75 $1.50 $2.32 $1.64 $2.16 $1.40 $1.39 $1.37 $1.45 $3.89 $3.86 $4.16 $7.12 $2.52 $3.12 $3.42 $3.83 $3.83
Net Debt/Share $0.30 $0.14 $-0.07 $0.51 $0.33 $1.43 $0.83 $0.89 $0.17 $-0.09 $-0.14 $-0.05 $1.94 $2.72 $2.50 $5.58 $1.19 $1.67 $1.64 $1.86 $1.86
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 4 5 6 6 7 5 7 7 6 7 5 7 5 5 5 6 8 7 8 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.14 -2.43 -2.41 -2.34 -2.85 -2.52 -3.72 -3.22 -3.74 -3.73 1060.84 -3.07 -1.43 -1.93 -1.20 -2.22 -2.45 -2.78 -2.20 -2.48 -2.480
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.256
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-3.05
EVA snapshot only $503766153.10
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 76.25 76.25 76.25 73.10 77.75 80.25 79.25 73.75 70.50 69.00 65.25 76.75 68.50 67.50 67.50 60.15 69.00 69.00 63.75 63.15 63.150
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only 3.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000

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