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Not Investment Advice

IMDA.PA PAR

Immobiliere Dassault S.A.
1W: +1.0% 1M: -10.5% 3M: -12.2% YTD: -18.6% 1Y: -20.7% 3Y: -10.4% 5Y: -25.4%
€41.70 ($46.67)
+0.40 (+0.97%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±2.4%
€40 €41 €42 €43 €44
PAR · Real Estate · REIT - Diversified · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 36 · €314.3M mcap · 607207 float · 0.096% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. IMDA.PA receives an overall rating of C+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-28 B- C+
2026-08-25 C+ B-
2026-08-17 B- C+
2026-07-30 C B-
2026-07-27 A- C
2026-07-22 B+ A-
2026-07-16 A- B+
2026-07-01 B+ A-
2026-05-12 A- B+
2026-05-04 B+ A-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 35 Grade D
Profitability
40
Balance Sheet
41
Earnings Quality
35
Growth
44
Value
41
Momentum
44
Safety
15
Cash Flow
74
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. IMDA.PA scores highest in Cash Flow (74/100) and lowest in Safety (15/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
1.12
Distress Zone
Piotroski F-Score
3/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
6.93
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.68
Bankruptcy prob: 0.3%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BB
Score: 40.9/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -0.68x
Accruals: -13.2%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. IMDA.PA scores 1.12, placing it in the Distress Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Historically, companies in this range face elevated bankruptcy risk. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. IMDA.PA scores 3/9, suggesting weak financial fundamentals — the company fails the majority of these accounting tests. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. IMDA.PA's score of 6.93 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. IMDA.PA's implied 0.3% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. IMDA.PA receives an estimated rating of BB (score: 40.9/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-2.81x
PEG
0.01x
P/S
8.73x
P/B
0.63x
P/FCF
7.38x
P/OCF
7.29x
EV/EBITDA
11.51x
EV/Revenue
10.30x
EV/EBIT
11.55x
EV/FCF
14.33x
Earnings Yield
-20.21%
FCF Yield
13.55%
Shareholder Yield
8.26%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. IMDA.PA currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
-1.396
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.861
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.892
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.073
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.721
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-13.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. IMDA.PA's ROE of -13.5% is driven by EBIT Margin (0.892) as the dominant factor. A tax burden ratio of -1.40 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$41.70
Median 1Y
$39.01
5th Pctile
$25.94
95th Pctile
$58.51
Ann. Volatility
25.4%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 25.0% 22.9% 20.9% 15.9% 16.7% 14.4% 12.7% 22.6% 28.9% 31.3% 36.5% 33.6% 20.4% 15.9% 3.0% -4.7% 0.2% 3.0% 9.1% -13.5% -13.53%
ROA 17.4% 16.0% 14.7% 11.2% 10.5% 9.1% 7.9% 14.6% 17.3% 19.2% 23.2% 22.0% 13.6% 10.7% 2.1% -3.2% 0.1% 2.0% 6.0% -7.9% -7.87%
ROIC 6.6% 6.4% 6.0% 5.6% 4.1% 4.1% 7.4% 7.3% 6.9% 7.3% 4.5% 4.9% 5.7% 5.7% 6.0% 5.8% 5.5% 8.6% 6.9% -11.7% -11.68%
ROCE 33.8% 25.1% 17.4% 6.7% 3.6% 3.1% 2.7% 2.5% 2.9% 3.7% 4.2% 4.8% 5.5% 5.5% 7.0% 5.9% 6.8% 5.7% 7.0% 6.8% 6.81%
Gross Margin 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 78.4% 77.8% 71.2% 78.8% 86.8% 84.2% 91.9% 90.3% 93.4% 91.4% 93.8% 1.0% 98.6% 90.7% 90.69%
Operating Margin 93.3% 89.0% 92.0% 82.9% 75.3% 72.2% 3.0% 78.7% 72.9% 82.1% 93.1% 1.0% 1.0% 79.8% 67.9% 95.3% 71.9% 1.4% 1.0% 92.1% 92.14%
Net Margin 1.7% 2.3% 1.2% 1.6% 2.3% 1.1% 63.8% 5.2% 5.7% 2.1% 3.6% 4.3% -96.1% 18.6% -1.6% 66.7% 1.1% 1.1% 50.3% -6.5% -6.48%
EBITDA Margin 78.6% 1.4% 32.7% 75.6% 53.4% 41.2% 0.1% 54.3% 73.3% 82.3% 93.5% 1.0% 1.0% 80.0% 68.1% 95.6% 72.2% 79.7% 1.4% 66.8% 66.79%
FCF Margin 76.2% 62.7% 65.6% 66.8% 35.4% 30.1% 32.7% 34.8% 51.1% 46.9% 52.0% 52.1% 55.1% 68.3% 50.0% 52.9% 54.9% 55.8% 74.0% 71.9% 71.89%
OCF Margin 76.3% 62.8% 65.7% 66.9% 35.4% 30.2% 32.8% 34.8% 51.1% 46.9% 53.3% 53.3% 56.2% 69.4% 50.2% 53.1% 55.0% 56.9% 75.0% 72.8% 72.79%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.19%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 8.89%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.21%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only -13.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -11.68%
Cash ROA snapshot only 5.00%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 5.89%
CROIC snapshot only 5.82%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -1.44%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 76.82%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.84%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 2.72 3.25 3.49 4.73 4.83 6.92 7.82 3.99 2.60 2.37 2.08 1.82 2.87 3.43 17.84 -10.28 285.97 20.05 9.20 -4.95 -2.812
P/S Ratio 6.43 7.24 7.23 8.06 9.01 10.70 10.54 9.31 8.15 7.77 8.29 6.94 6.48 6.00 5.48 4.93 5.50 5.55 7.88 5.31 8.730
P/B Ratio 0.62 0.68 0.68 0.70 0.75 0.93 0.91 0.80 0.65 0.63 0.65 0.53 0.54 0.51 0.54 0.51 0.57 0.60 0.80 0.72 0.627
P/FCF 8.44 11.55 11.02 12.06 25.48 35.56 32.20 26.79 15.95 16.55 15.92 13.32 11.76 8.80 10.97 9.30 10.02 9.93 10.65 7.38 7.381
P/OCF 8.43 11.53 11.00 12.06 25.46 35.44 32.12 26.73 15.93 16.54 15.55 13.02 11.52 8.65 10.93 9.27 9.99 9.75 10.52 7.29 7.289
EV/EBITDA 6.59 7.93 10.00 15.50 23.86 38.45 47.36 45.06 35.70 25.04 17.75 13.45 11.65 11.32 11.31 8.05 12.40 9.08 13.40 11.51 11.511
EV/Revenue 9.70 10.58 11.65 12.56 17.74 18.85 18.17 16.37 14.87 13.51 13.66 11.94 11.14 10.74 9.82 6.90 9.72 7.12 13.04 10.30 10.304
EV/EBIT 2.07 3.00 4.41 11.64 22.99 30.38 34.87 34.46 28.41 20.90 17.83 13.50 11.69 11.36 11.34 8.08 12.44 9.11 13.44 11.55 11.547
EV/FCF 12.72 16.87 17.77 18.80 50.17 62.63 55.52 47.08 29.12 28.80 26.26 22.93 20.22 15.74 19.66 13.03 17.73 12.75 17.62 14.33 14.333
Earnings Yield 36.8% 30.8% 28.7% 21.1% 20.7% 14.4% 12.8% 25.0% 38.4% 42.2% 48.1% 55.0% 34.8% 29.2% 5.6% -9.7% 0.3% 5.0% 10.9% -20.2% -20.21%
FCF Yield 11.8% 8.7% 9.1% 8.3% 3.9% 2.8% 3.1% 3.7% 6.3% 6.0% 6.3% 7.5% 8.5% 11.4% 9.1% 10.7% 10.0% 10.1% 9.4% 13.5% 13.55%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.007
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.722
EV/OCF snapshot only 14.155
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 10.762
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 10.132
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 8.26%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18 0.16 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.28 0.71 0.75 0.13 — 0.10 — 0.15 0.15 0.154
Quick Ratio 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.16 -0.00 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.28 0.71 0.75 0.13 — 0.10 — 0.15 0.15 0.154
Debt/Equity 0.31 0.31 0.41 0.39 0.73 0.71 0.66 0.61 0.53 0.47 0.42 0.39 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.20 0.44 0.17 0.53 0.68 0.680
Net Debt/Equity 0.31 0.31 0.41 0.39 0.73 0.71 0.66 0.60 0.53 0.47 0.42 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.43 0.20 0.44 0.17 0.53 0.68 0.680
Debt/Assets 0.23 0.23 0.29 0.28 0.41 0.40 0.38 0.37 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.29 0.14 0.30 0.11 0.34 0.34 0.344
Debt/EBITDA 2.22 2.50 3.80 5.55 11.77 16.66 19.95 19.49 16.14 10.70 7.00 5.77 4.93 5.08 5.04 2.31 5.39 2.01 5.30 5.58 5.584
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.22 2.50 3.80 5.55 11.74 16.62 19.89 19.42 16.14 10.65 6.99 5.64 4.87 5.00 5.00 2.30 5.39 2.00 5.30 5.58 5.584
Interest Coverage — — — — — — 7.11 3.59 2.72 2.69 3.34 4.35 5.36 5.51 5.22 6.65 8.59 16.05 11.60 5.87 5.867
Equity Multiplier 1.36 1.35 1.44 1.42 1.80 1.78 1.72 1.66 1.58 1.52 1.46 1.43 1.43 1.46 1.47 1.50 1.48 1.49 1.56 1.98 1.978
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.001
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 5.885
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.000
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.144
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.073
Inventory Turnover — — — — 0.00 — 5.22 — 21.32 — 21.96 — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 38.89 — 44.19 — 38.92 — 13.04 15.85 18.61 — 6.66 19.24 5.28 — 4.27 6.64 3.88 7.33 4.06 4.25 4.246
Payables Turnover 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.30 3.10 3.97 4.72 4.33 3.88 3.19 1.39 2.23 1.70 1.76 1.09 1.46 1.44 1.440
DSO 9 0 8 0 9 0 28 23 20 0 55 19 69 0 85 55 94 50 90 86 86.0 days
DIO — — — — — — 70 0 17 0 17 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO — — — — — — 281 118 92 77 84 94 114 263 164 214 208 334 249 253 253.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle — — — — — — -183 -95 -55 -77 -13 -75 -45 -263 -78 -159 -114 -284 -159 -168 -167.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 228.144
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1364.300
Capital Intensity snapshot only 14.545
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 29.6% 27.4% 20.8% 6.7% 0.1% 6.3% 11.3% 28.3% 32.2% 31.6% 28.2% 21.4% 24.9% 18.2% 25.2% 23.4% 19.7% 24.3% 12.4% 14.3% 14.28%
Net Income 1.8% 41.1% 28.3% -16.3% -21.0% -26.4% -27.7% 75.5% 1.2% 1.8% 2.8% 98.7% -9.9% -36.8% -90.3% -1.2% -99.0% -80.4% 2.1% -1.6% -1.56%
EPS 1.7% 35.7% 23.1% -19.8% -25.0% -30.6% -30.5% 68.2% 1.2% 1.8% 2.8% 98.7% -9.9% -37.0% -90.5% -1.2% -99.0% -80.7% 1.2% -1.3% -1.31%
FCF 59.4% -6.5% 10.0% 0.4% -53.6% -49.0% -44.5% -33.3% 90.8% 1.1% 1.0% 82.0% 34.8% 71.9% 20.2% 25.4% 19.2% 1.7% 66.5% 55.2% 55.20%
EBITDA 7.0% 93.8% 30.0% -32.8% -49.4% -60.9% -63.4% -42.5% -26.0% 44.9% 1.6% 2.0% 1.9% 1.1% 41.3% 19.0% -1.8% 2.8% 26.0% 19.4% 19.42%
Op. Income 38.7% 2.4% 26.3% 7.8% -5.1% -5.4% 75.1% 94.8% 1.1% 1.2% -26.2% -21.0% -10.6% -15.5% 31.7% 19.1% -1.8% 22.5% 33.6% 36.1% 36.10%
OCF Growth snapshot only 56.60%
Asset Growth snapshot only 14.30%
Equity Growth snapshot only -13.47%
Debt Growth snapshot only 1.89%
Shares Change snapshot only 10.92%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -16.09%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 18.6% 12.3% 7.7% 3.3% 0.8% 4.1% 9.3% 15.7% 19.7% 21.2% 19.9% 18.5% 18.2% 18.3% 21.3% 24.3% 25.5% 24.6% 21.7% 19.6% 19.63%
Revenue 5Y 45.2% 29.3% 24.3% 20.3% 16.4% 17.5% 16.0% 17.3% 17.1% 14.7% 12.2% 11.4% 11.1% 11.9% 16.0% 18.4% 20.7% 21.2% 19.4% 18.6% 18.57%
EPS 3Y 1.4% 1.1% 49.2% 24.4% 18.0% 18.4% 17.4% 37.6% 63.8% 37.7% 47.6% 38.9% 13.6% 6.6% -37.2% — -73.0% -30.4% -8.1% — —
EPS 5Y 1.5% 2.1% — — — — — 1.4% 85.7% 79.7% 54.1% 45.1% 26.3% 23.7% -10.4% — -47.6% -20.5% -7.9% — —
Net Income 3Y 1.4% 1.2% 52.2% 27.1% 21.4% 22.4% 21.4% 42.6% 69.8% 42.6% 52.1% 42.9% 16.4% 9.1% -35.8% — -72.7% -29.8% 4.7% — —
Net Income 5Y 1.5% 2.1% — — — — — 1.5% 89.7% 83.6% 57.4% 48.2% 29.0% 26.5% -8.1% — -46.2% -18.5% 1.3% — —
EBITDA 3Y 60.4% 34.5% 12.9% -7.4% 0.3% 10.5% 50.9% 63.1% 44.2% 3.2% 7.0% 4.7% 2.4% 5.6% 10.0% 26.7% 27.7% 45.7% 66.0% 61.6% 61.59%
EBITDA 5Y 69.5% 49.3% 40.8% 29.3% 19.9% 9.4% 9.3% 6.1% 9.1% 6.6% 6.3% 6.3% 16.5% 32.3% 65.7% 72.6% 53.2% 18.6% 16.9% 10.3% 10.27%
Gross Profit 3Y 28.1% 20.3% 14.6% 7.9% 3.7% 5.6% 7.0% 11.1% 12.0% 11.0% 10.9% 10.3% 12.2% 13.5% 17.2% 20.9% 22.2% 22.4% 22.8% 22.9% 22.88%
Gross Profit 5Y — 57.7% 45.3% 25.2% 21.2% 22.8% 20.0% 19.9% 17.9% 13.3% 11.2% 9.6% 9.5% 10.1% 13.6% 16.4% 18.8% 19.9% 18.5% 17.5% 17.55%
Op. Income 3Y 78.5% 34.0% 33.1% 30.5% 28.0% 84.3% 49.4% 45.9% 39.8% 28.2% 17.7% 18.4% 20.7% 20.3% 19.4% 22.4% 22.1% 31.1% 9.1% 8.6% 8.60%
Op. Income 5Y 95.2% 1.3% — — — — — 1.0% 62.1% 37.7% 24.9% 27.9% 31.2% 63.0% 26.5% 23.9% 19.1% 16.9% 23.5% 21.9% 21.88%
FCF 3Y 30.5% 16.4% 13.7% -83.6% -89.4% -89.7% -89.2% -85.6% 12.2% -0.7% 7.6% 6.8% 6.1% 21.7% 10.8% 15.1% 45.3% 53.1% 59.8% 52.4% 52.42%
FCF 5Y — — — 16.8% 4.2% 9.0% 8.6% 8.4% 14.5% 10.6% 10.7% -64.8% -68.6% -67.2% -68.5% -63.2% 17.8% 11.4% 20.0% 18.9% 18.86%
OCF 3Y 30.6% 16.5% 13.8% -83.6% -89.4% -89.7% -89.2% -85.6% 12.3% -0.7% 8.4% 7.6% 6.8% 22.3% 10.9% 15.2% 45.4% 53.9% 60.3% 53.0% 52.95%
OCF 5Y — 42.7% 38.0% 16.8% 4.2% 9.1% 8.7% 8.5% 14.6% 10.6% 11.2% -64.7% -68.5% -67.1% -68.5% -63.2% 17.9% 11.8% 20.3% 19.1% 19.11%
Assets 3Y 31.3% 33.4% 33.0% 36.7% 51.6% 53.9% 56.6% 63.7% 26.1% 24.6% 27.6% 27.7% 26.3% 25.4% 19.8% 19.7% 9.4% 9.4% 11.4% 8.8% 8.83%
Assets 5Y 40.6% 41.4% 35.0% 35.4% 45.7% 46.4% 48.7% 50.2% 33.3% 33.8% 32.3% 35.6% 35.7% 36.6% 35.5% 37.7% 16.6% 16.1% 19.2% 17.8% 17.83%
Equity 3Y 49.6% 50.9% 46.2% 42.8% 45.0% 51.1% 54.3% 45.2% 25.0% 24.5% 25.8% 26.8% 24.1% 22.2% 19.1% 17.7% 16.8% 15.9% 15.0% 2.5% 2.55%
Book Value 3Y 47.9% 48.9% 43.4% 39.8% 40.9% 46.2% 49.3% 40.1% 20.6% 20.2% 22.1% 23.2% 21.2% 19.4% 16.5% 15.6% 15.3% 14.9% 0.9% -1.3% -1.26%
Dividend 3Y 11.5% 11.4% 10.6% 2.3% -9.8% -20.9% -18.4% -14.2% -8.7% -2.3% -7.9% -7.6% -7.5% 14.7% 18.7% 25.1% 25.9% 0.3% -11.2% -6.0% -5.99%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.82 0.82 0.85 0.79 0.68 0.80 0.95 0.95 0.92 0.87 0.82 0.77 0.69 0.80 0.87 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.977
Earnings Stability 0.79 0.91 0.95 0.90 0.84 0.84 0.80 0.91 0.82 0.77 0.64 0.77 0.80 0.57 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.240
Margin Stability 0.43 0.68 0.73 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.90 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.91 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.920
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.84 0.89 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.89 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.96 0.85 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.05 0.66 0.75 0.82 0.76 0.70 0.68 0.45 0.24 0.05 0.00 0.34 0.90 0.55 0.00 — 0.00 0.00 0.00 — —
ROE Trend 0.05 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.01 -0.06 -0.07 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.16 0.12 -0.01 -0.05 -0.18 -0.29 -0.22 -0.18 -0.08 -0.27 -0.267
Gross Margin Trend 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.06 -0.12 -0.18 -0.23 -0.18 -0.13 -0.06 -0.00 0.04 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.094
FCF Margin Trend -152.86 -157.09 -169.81 -90.83 -0.34 -0.44 -0.36 -0.34 -0.05 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.12 0.30 0.08 0.10 0.02 -0.02 0.23 0.19 0.194
Sustainable Growth Rate 15.9% 13.3% 11.7% 8.1% 10.5% 9.9% 8.0% 18.2% 24.8% 27.7% 33.5% 30.8% 17.7% 11.2% -1.6% — -5.1% -1.7% 4.5% — —
Internal Growth Rate 12.4% 10.3% 8.9% 6.1% 7.1% 6.7% 5.3% 13.3% 17.5% 20.5% 27.1% 25.2% 13.4% 8.1% — — — — 3.1% — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.32 0.28 0.32 0.39 0.19 0.20 0.24 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.25 0.40 1.63 -1.11 28.63 2.06 0.87 -0.68 -0.679
FCF/OCF 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.988
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.670
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.813
CapEx/Revenue 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 1.3% 1.2% 1.1% 1.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.016
Accruals Ratio 0.12 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.20 0.19 0.10 0.06 -0.01 -0.07 -0.04 -0.02 0.01 -0.13 -0.132
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.090
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.663
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 13.4% 12.9% 12.7% 10.3% 7.6% 4.5% 4.7% 4.9% 5.4% 4.9% 4.0% 4.6% 4.6% 8.6% 8.6% 10.9% 9.4% 7.8% 5.5% 8.2% 4.96%
Dividend/Share $4.29 $4.69 $4.60 $4.00 $3.26 $2.42 $2.66 $2.69 $2.70 $2.49 $2.25 $2.31 $2.30 $4.01 $3.95 $4.72 $4.68 $4.09 $2.84 $3.96 $2.07
Payout Ratio 36.4% 41.9% 44.1% 48.7% 36.8% 31.1% 36.6% 19.5% 14.1% 11.5% 8.3% 8.4% 13.3% 29.5% 1.5% — 27.0% 1.6% 50.4% — —
FCF Payout Ratio 1.1% 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 1.3% 86.1% 80.6% 63.2% 61.7% 54.4% 75.8% 93.9% 1.0% 94.6% 77.2% 58.4% 60.9% 60.87%
Total Payout Ratio 36.4% 42.0% 44.2% 48.9% 36.9% 31.2% 36.8% 19.6% 14.1% 11.6% 8.3% 8.5% 13.4% 29.7% 1.5% — 27.0% 1.6% 50.4% — —
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
Chowder Number 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.25 -0.12 -0.41 -0.35 -0.25 -0.10 0.09 -0.11 -0.09 -0.10 0.70 0.87 1.17 1.17 0.11 0.09 0.01 0.013
Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.01%
Net Buyback Yield 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -1.9% -1.8% -2.0% -1.7% -0.0% -4.9% -6.9% -6.92%
Total Shareholder Return 13.4% 12.9% 12.7% 10.3% 7.6% 4.5% 4.7% 4.9% 5.4% 4.9% 4.0% 4.6% 4.6% 6.8% 6.7% 8.9% 7.7% 7.8% 0.6% 1.3% 1.33%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.16 1.08 1.06 1.05 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.97 1.00 1.12 1.02 1.01 -1.40 -1.396
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.51 0.63 0.78 1.58 2.42 2.50 2.23 4.53 5.65 4.82 5.19 4.33 2.38 1.87 0.37 -0.56 0.02 0.35 0.87 0.86 0.861
EBIT Margin 4.68 3.53 2.64 1.08 0.77 0.62 0.52 0.48 0.52 0.65 0.77 0.88 0.95 0.95 0.87 0.85 0.78 0.78 0.97 0.89 0.892
Asset Turnover 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.073
Equity Multiplier 1.44 1.43 1.43 1.41 1.59 1.58 1.60 1.55 1.67 1.62 1.57 1.53 1.50 1.49 1.47 1.46 1.45 1.48 1.52 1.72 1.721
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $11.80 $11.21 $10.44 $8.21 $8.85 $7.78 $7.26 $13.81 $19.22 $21.55 $27.26 $27.43 $17.32 $13.58 $2.59 $-4.21 $0.17 $2.62 $5.63 $-9.70 $-9.70
Book Value/Share $51.88 $53.29 $53.86 $55.18 $56.84 $57.89 $62.71 $69.09 $77.36 $80.46 $87.17 $94.24 $92.39 $90.73 $85.16 $85.26 $87.12 $87.88 $64.41 $66.50 $66.90
Tangible Book/Share $51.87 $53.29 $53.86 $55.18 $56.84 $57.89 $62.71 $69.09 $77.36 $80.46 $87.17 $94.24 $92.39 $90.73 $85.16 $85.25 $87.12 $87.88 $64.41 $66.50 $66.50
Revenue/Share $4.99 $5.02 $5.04 $4.81 $4.74 $5.03 $5.39 $5.92 $6.14 $6.57 $6.84 $7.19 $7.67 $7.75 $8.42 $8.78 $9.02 $9.48 $6.57 $9.05 $4.77
FCF/Share $3.80 $3.15 $3.30 $3.22 $1.68 $1.52 $1.76 $2.06 $3.14 $3.08 $3.56 $3.74 $4.23 $5.29 $4.21 $4.65 $4.95 $5.30 $4.86 $6.50 $3.31
OCF/Share $3.81 $3.16 $3.31 $3.22 $1.68 $1.52 $1.77 $2.06 $3.14 $3.09 $3.65 $3.83 $4.31 $5.38 $4.22 $4.66 $4.96 $5.40 $4.92 $6.58 $3.31
Cash/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.11 $0.09 $0.13 $0.15 $0.01 $0.18 $0.07 $0.82 $0.40 $0.63 $0.28 $0.04 $0.03 $0.02 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01
EBITDA/Share $7.34 $6.70 $5.87 $3.90 $3.53 $2.47 $2.07 $2.15 $2.56 $3.55 $5.27 $6.38 $7.34 $7.35 $7.31 $7.52 $7.08 $7.44 $6.39 $8.10 $8.10
Debt/Share $16.29 $16.77 $22.29 $21.67 $41.50 $41.12 $41.25 $41.91 $41.30 $37.95 $36.88 $36.80 $36.15 $37.34 $36.84 $17.34 $38.17 $14.93 $33.88 $45.22 $45.22
Net Debt/Share $16.29 $16.77 $22.29 $21.67 $41.39 $41.03 $41.11 $41.76 $41.29 $37.77 $36.81 $35.98 $35.75 $36.71 $36.55 $17.30 $38.15 $14.90 $33.87 $45.21 $45.21
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.123
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 1.822
Piotroski F-Score 5 5 5 2 3 3 3 5 5 5 6 8 7 6 6 5 5 6 6 3 3
Beneish M-Score -1.77 -2.24 -1.85 -2.33 -1.53 -1.39 -1.31 53.32 25.69 22.19 26.02 -1.46 -0.39 -2.19 -2.06 -0.99 -14.60 -2.64 -2.39 6.93 6.926
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.675
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-62.67
EVA snapshot only $-182609263.62
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BB
Credit Score 75.19 69.98 62.04 59.43 43.28 38.41 40.36 33.54 30.21 31.55 37.64 40.81 50.28 51.34 50.02 64.46 54.81 74.31 53.98 40.92 40.920
Credit Grade snapshot only 12
Credit Trend snapshot only -23.545
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 475.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 44
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 45

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