— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: KARNF (OTC) · $vol 0M

KER.WA WSE

Kernel Holding S.A.
1W: +0.4% 1M: +0.4% 3M: +1.9% YTD: -10.0% 1Y: -2.7% 3Y: +41.3% 5Y: -65.2%
zł19.66 ($5.05)
+0.02 (+0.10%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±0.5%
zł19 zł20 zł20 zł20 zł20
WSE · Consumer Defensive · Food Distribution · Tech Score Buy · Power 65 · zł5.8B mcap · 14M float · 0.063% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
4
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. KER.WA receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: ROA (5/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-14 A A-
2026-08-12 A- A
2026-07-01 A A-
2026-06-01 A- A
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None
2026-02-20 A A-
2026-02-18 A- A
2026-02-18 A A-
2026-01-30 A- A

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
34
Balance Sheet
81
Earnings Quality
82
Growth
56
Value
—
Momentum
85
Safety
—
Cash Flow
42

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.61
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.12
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 52.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.49x
Accruals: -3.2%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. KER.WA scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. KER.WA's score of -2.61 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. KER.WA's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. KER.WA receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 52.8/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). KER.WA's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
6.47x
PEG
0.44x
P/S
0.36x
P/B
0.65x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$11.57
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 6.5x earnings, KER.WA trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $11.57 per share, 70% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.804
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.715
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.096
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.176
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.623
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
10.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. KER.WA's ROE of 10.5% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.176), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$29.76
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with KER.WA's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. KER.WA trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $29.76, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 6.5x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$19.66
Median 1Y
$14.58
5th Pctile
$5.49
95th Pctile
$38.79
Ann. Volatility
58.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
ROE 29.8% 27.5% 30.9% 25.9% -1.0% -3.6% -3.7% 5.1% 17.5% 6.4% 1.8% 3.4% 9.3% 17.2% 12.5% 9.1% 5.1% 10.3% 8.6% 10.5% 10.51%
ROA 14.3% 13.2% 13.8% 11.2% -0.4% -1.6% -1.6% 2.2% 7.4% 2.8% 0.9% 1.8% 4.6% 8.6% 7.3% 5.4% 3.1% 6.1% 5.3% 6.5% 6.47%
ROIC 28.4% 25.9% 22.3% 19.8% 2.3% -1.3% -1.6% 1.8% 14.8% 7.4% 3.2% 6.2% 11.4% 18.1% 13.3% 10.9% 5.5% 12.5% 11.0% 14.7% 14.67%
ROCE 25.5% 22.9% 23.4% 21.1% 2.9% 1.1% 1.2% 10.4% 26.1% 15.9% 12.0% 11.5% 15.8% 21.9% 17.4% 12.0% 3.0% 11.0% 12.1% 14.0% 13.99%
Gross Margin 14.3% 24.6% 18.4% 1.6% -12.3% 26.5% 23.8% 23.1% -2.9% 9.5% 20.9% 20.6% 20.8% 20.6% 13.7% 12.0% 10.0% 19.3% 15.3% 19.6% 19.56%
Operating Margin 13.7% 21.0% 13.3% 0.7% -1.1% 21.8% 19.8% 15.9% -10.6% -0.3% 16.8% 13.1% -2.9% 17.7% 7.9% 7.3% 4.4% 13.9% 10.3% 12.0% 11.98%
Net Margin 10.0% 15.7% 11.3% -6.1% -81.4% 24.7% 16.7% 8.4% -18.6% -5.6% 12.7% 10.1% -3.6% 15.2% 4.9% 3.6% 2.0% 11.6% 2.2% 7.5% 7.53%
EBITDA Margin 15.8% 20.8% 15.8% -1.7% -85.6% 35.3% 23.5% 19.4% -7.9% 4.6% 20.3% 16.4% 2.5% 22.5% 10.1% 8.8% 4.7% 17.7% 13.2% 14.2% 14.19%
FCF Margin 4.9% 4.7% -2.1% -4.6% -11.4% -13.6% 6.1% 16.2% 18.1% 16.6% 11.2% 12.0% 9.1% 13.2% 8.4% 4.1% 6.4% 4.9% 0.6% 3.5% 3.51%
OCF Margin 8.1% 7.7% 0.6% 0.4% -5.7% -7.4% 12.9% 19.5% 20.7% 19.5% 14.7% 15.7% 13.2% 16.3% 10.9% 6.5% 9.9% 9.7% 5.5% 8.2% 8.23%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.43%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 10.31%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.52%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 8.03%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.12%
Cash ROA snapshot only 9.17%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.99%
CROIC snapshot only 6.40%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.05%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 6.85%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 4.37%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.468
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.360
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.655
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.440
Graham Number snapshot only $11.57
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.92 2.88 2.13 1.79 1.13 1.16 1.26 1.32 1.29 1.29 1.42 1.48 1.58 1.62 1.75 2.94 10.86 3.21 3.18 2.69 2.694
Quick Ratio 2.01 1.66 1.07 0.91 0.63 0.70 0.89 0.98 1.03 0.96 0.99 1.11 1.24 1.23 1.30 2.18 9.97 2.10 1.83 1.78 1.775
Debt/Equity 0.72 0.71 0.91 1.02 1.15 1.09 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.92 0.53 0.49 0.58 0.57 0.47 0.36 0.10 0.33 0.43 0.36 0.358
Net Debt/Equity 0.40 0.43 0.66 0.80 0.83 0.89 0.56 0.32 0.38 0.43 0.21 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.04 -0.01 -0.27 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.001
Debt/Assets 0.35 0.35 0.40 0.44 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.43 0.43 0.30 0.28 0.32 0.31 0.28 0.23 0.06 0.21 0.28 0.22 0.218
Debt/EBITDA 1.49 1.65 2.10 2.56 10.09 12.21 12.56 5.21 2.67 3.89 2.92 2.78 2.54 1.92 1.95 1.77 1.70 1.74 2.12 1.60 1.599
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.83 0.98 1.52 1.99 7.33 9.99 7.36 1.83 1.07 1.79 1.19 0.45 0.15 0.06 0.15 -0.03 -4.59 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.004
Interest Coverage 6.09 6.02 7.04 5.96 0.43 0.14 0.16 1.39 3.44 2.14 1.64 1.87 2.91 4.76 4.64 4.02 1.11 1.03 1.11 1.31 1.311
Equity Multiplier 2.05 2.04 2.26 2.35 2.49 2.43 2.24 2.15 2.23 2.17 1.76 1.76 1.82 1.83 1.69 1.61 1.60 1.56 1.54 1.64 1.637
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.921
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 1.677
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.997
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.179
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1917.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.51 1.30 1.12 0.89 0.71 0.86 0.87 0.86 0.89 0.98 1.04 1.18 1.21 0.53 1.18 1.21 1.18 1.176
Inventory Turnover 7.51 5.44 4.36 5.11 5.13 4.09 3.06 2.42 3.51 3.67 4.13 5.03 6.07 5.23 5.81 6.71 6.71 5.60 5.01 5.18 5.176
Receivables Turnover 18.94 26.20 21.91 13.78 20.35 16.88 10.88 9.37 14.88 11.50 8.83 10.72 11.43 14.17 13.62 12.60 6.76 7.49 16.24 13.04 13.043
Payables Turnover 39.94 29.04 29.86 18.01 30.05 24.07 20.58 13.49 17.62 19.92 21.53 21.85 21.62 19.63 25.51 26.26 14.18 11.01 31.76 22.85 22.854
DSO 19 14 17 26 18 22 34 39 25 32 41 34 32 26 27 29 54 49 22 28 28.0 days
DIO 49 67 84 71 71 89 119 151 104 100 88 73 60 70 63 54 54 65 73 71 70.5 days
DPO 9 13 12 20 12 15 18 27 21 18 17 17 17 19 14 14 26 33 11 16 16.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 59 69 88 78 77 96 135 163 108 113 113 90 75 77 75 69 83 81 84 83 82.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.363
Operating Cycle snapshot only 98.5 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 5.112
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.898
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 37.5% 44.0% 46.4% 26.4% -5.6% -23.3% -39.5% -52.3% -35.2% -27.9% -21.0% 6.5% 3.7% 14.5% 24.8% 22.3% 14.9% 8.1% 4.2% 0.8% 0.82%
Net Income 3.3% 97.9% 73.0% 24.4% -1.0% -1.1% -1.1% -79.7% 17.5% 2.6% 1.5% -33.4% -43.9% 2.0% 6.3% 1.8% 41.8% -33.4% -25.4% 24.1% 24.12%
EPS 3.4% 98.5% 80.0% 32.9% -1.0% -1.1% -1.1% -79.4% 17.8% 1.8% 1.1% -82.4% -85.2% 72.1% 6.3% 1.8% 41.9% -41.7% -25.3% 24.4% 24.37%
FCF 5.0% 99.3% -1.3% -1.8% -3.2% -3.2% 2.7% 2.7% 2.0% 1.9% 45.0% -21.0% -47.9% -9.0% -6.6% -58.1% -19.7% -60.1% -93.0% -14.1% -14.13%
EBITDA 1.4% 62.8% 31.0% 9.3% -79.6% -84.5% -85.6% -59.7% 2.3% 1.9% 1.5% 5.3% -31.7% 39.0% 43.0% 22.7% 4.3% -29.1% -8.7% 19.9% 19.87%
Op. Income 2.1% 84.5% 24.2% 12.8% -88.8% -1.1% -1.1% -91.8% 3.8% 7.1% 5.1% 2.6% -37.1% 41.7% 47.8% 26.8% 30.6% -20.1% 6.9% 43.2% 43.22%
OCF Growth snapshot only 26.88%
Asset Growth snapshot only 11.82%
Equity Growth snapshot only 9.86%
Debt Growth snapshot only 8.10%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.20%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 33.0% 26.2% 22.6% 19.5% 10.1% 7.9% 3.5% -6.6% -5.6% -7.3% -11.2% -13.7% -14.1% -14.1% -15.8% -14.7% -8.3% -3.7% 0.9% 9.5% 9.51%
Revenue 5Y 23.2% 24.8% 26.6% 26.3% 19.7% 14.9% 12.7% 8.1% 7.5% 2.2% -2.5% -2.8% -2.1% 0.7% 1.8% 1.2% 0.0% -0.3% -1.9% -4.6% -4.57%
EPS 3Y 1.1% 69.8% 69.9% 38.7% — — — 12.8% 40.2% -38.6% -69.9% -63.6% -54.6% -41.5% -52.0% -53.5% — — — -15.3% -15.31%
EPS 5Y 17.4% 13.9% 20.3% 22.5% — — — 24.9% 43.7% -10.6% -40.5% -37.3% -24.2% -9.9% -11.5% -6.9% -10.3% -25.3% -31.7% -30.1% -30.13%
Net Income 3Y 1.1% 70.5% 68.5% 36.4% — — — 9.5% 36.4% -25.9% -54.3% -44.8% -31.1% -14.9% -26.3% -27.8% — — — 31.9% 31.95%
Net Income 5Y 17.9% 14.4% 19.9% 21.3% — — — 23.3% 41.8% 0.4% -23.4% -19.3% -2.4% 13.0% 14.0% 19.4% 15.1% -4.1% -12.3% -10.3% -10.32%
EBITDA 3Y 69.2% 55.1% 46.9% 42.1% -17.3% -25.6% -25.3% -4.7% 17.2% -9.8% -22.5% -22.6% -23.1% -14.4% -20.2% -19.6% 32.5% 42.2% 47.8% 15.7% 15.71%
EBITDA 5Y 22.7% 21.1% 22.9% 20.1% -9.4% -13.0% -10.2% 7.4% 26.4% 11.0% 2.4% 4.0% 4.7% 10.8% 8.1% 2.2% 2.8% -6.2% -9.5% -7.4% -7.37%
Gross Profit 3Y 42.5% 33.8% 33.1% 27.1% 16.7% 11.7% 13.2% 24.1% 11.4% -7.4% -19.4% -19.0% -8.9% -5.7% -10.5% -10.9% -4.9% 3.9% 8.6% 2.7% 2.66%
Gross Profit 5Y 14.6% 14.7% 16.9% 15.7% 8.0% 3.6% 4.7% 16.2% 15.3% 5.4% 0.2% -0.1% 10.7% 17.4% 19.2% 15.9% 4.0% -3.0% -7.5% -5.2% -5.17%
Op. Income 3Y 79.9% 61.4% 49.5% 48.4% -30.4% — — -32.8% 18.3% -13.0% -30.6% -30.8% -30.2% -20.3% -26.5% -28.0% 58.5% — — 86.7% 86.67%
Op. Income 5Y 23.1% 22.0% 23.6% 22.9% -19.3% — — -16.5% 25.8% 8.5% -2.1% -0.8% 0.5% 9.2% 15.1% 6.6% 6.4% -5.7% -12.0% -9.6% -9.63%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — 1.4% 57.0% -8.7% 2.2% 5.9% 20.9% — — — — -54.5% -34.3% -34.26%
FCF 5Y 23.2% 23.9% — — — — 14.2% — — — — — 1.2% — — — 41.9% 7.1% -45.2% -17.4% -17.45%
OCF 3Y 77.3% 4.0% -10.2% -50.6% — — — — 38.5% 22.5% -10.8% -1.3% 0.9% 10.0% 1.2% 1.1% — — -24.1% -17.9% -17.92%
OCF 5Y 27.6% 26.1% 17.1% 9.2% — — 24.0% 75.1% 54.1% 1.8% 51.5% 16.9% 18.9% 39.8% — — 8.6% 2.5% -19.2% -9.1% -9.10%
Assets 3Y 21.8% 22.9% 24.7% 22.9% 19.3% 8.0% 3.5% 6.5% 7.1% 2.9% -4.9% -4.6% -5.3% -6.2% -11.9% -11.5% 42.1% -4.4% -5.8% -3.0% -2.97%
Assets 5Y 21.5% 21.4% 20.9% 19.9% 15.8% 14.4% 12.8% 11.5% 11.9% 10.2% 5.2% 6.0% 6.6% 3.0% -1.4% -0.3% 30.5% -0.5% -2.5% -1.3% -1.31%
Equity 3Y 18.5% 22.0% 20.5% 16.0% 7.6% 2.6% 6.2% 9.7% 5.3% 2.5% 3.0% 4.1% -1.4% -2.7% -3.0% 0.5% 64.6% 10.8% 6.6% 6.3% 6.34%
Book Value 3Y 18.0% 21.5% 21.5% 18.0% 9.4% 4.9% 8.6% 13.1% 8.2% -15.1% -32.1% -31.4% -35.1% -33.0% -36.9% -35.2% 6.2% -28.9% -31.6% -31.7% -31.75%
Dividend 3Y 18.4% 18.4% 19.9% -14.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.0% — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.89 0.91 0.88 0.94 0.91 0.72 0.48 0.26 0.25 0.07 0.00 0.05 0.11 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.14 0.15 0.153
Earnings Stability 0.22 0.37 0.49 0.55 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.03 0.16 0.32 0.324
Margin Stability 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.64 0.70 0.74 0.71 0.71 0.79 0.85 0.79 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.71 0.72 0.76 0.76 0.78 0.87 0.875
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.90 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.87 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.83 0.87 0.90 0.90 0.904
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.34 0.46 0.78 — — — 0.00 — — — 0.60 0.44 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.65 0.60 0.71 0.78 0.785
ROE Trend 0.15 0.10 0.13 0.10 -0.18 -0.24 -0.28 -0.18 0.05 -0.04 -0.10 -0.11 0.01 0.15 0.13 0.05 -0.10 -0.01 0.01 0.04 0.039
Gross Margin Trend 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.01 -0.03 0.04 0.08 0.06 -0.00 -0.05 -0.05 -0.02 0.01 0.010
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.14 -0.18 0.02 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.09 0.06 0.06 0.12 -0.00 -0.10 -0.07 -0.10 -0.09 -0.05 -0.046
Sustainable Growth Rate 27.8% 25.7% 29.1% 24.1% — — — 5.1% 17.5% 6.4% 1.8% 3.4% 9.3% 17.2% 12.5% 9.1% 5.1% 10.3% 8.6% 10.5% 10.51%
Internal Growth Rate 15.4% 14.1% 14.9% 11.6% — — — 2.3% 8.0% 2.9% 0.9% 1.8% 4.8% 9.4% 7.8% 5.7% 3.2% 6.5% 5.7% 6.9% 6.92%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.90 0.90 0.07 0.06 16.86 5.12 -6.99 6.21 2.39 6.10 13.93 7.99 2.81 1.95 1.77 1.46 1.71 1.89 1.25 1.49 1.495
FCF/OCF 0.60 0.61 -3.29 -10.35 1.99 1.84 0.47 0.83 0.88 0.85 0.76 0.77 0.69 0.81 0.77 0.63 0.64 0.50 0.10 0.43 0.427
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.638
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.671
CapEx/Revenue 3.3% 3.0% 2.7% 5.0% 5.7% 6.2% 6.8% 3.3% 2.6% 2.9% 3.6% 3.7% 4.1% 3.1% 2.5% 2.4% 3.5% 4.8% 4.9% 4.7% 4.72%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.762
Accruals Ratio 0.01 0.01 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.07 -0.13 -0.12 -0.10 -0.14 -0.12 -0.12 -0.08 -0.08 -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 -0.05 -0.01 -0.03 -0.032
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.003
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.745
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.42 $0.42 $0.44 $0.43 $0.43 $0.44 $0.44 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 6.9% 6.8% 5.8% 7.0% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 12.8% 12.4% — — — — 14.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 6.9% 16.6% 14.2% 27.0% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.76 0.76 0.85 0.84 0.42 0.54 0.62 1.60 0.81 0.63 0.35 0.58 0.80 0.86 0.82 0.78 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.80 0.804
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 0.86 0.88 0.87 -0.76 -5.99 -4.92 0.28 0.71 0.53 0.39 0.46 0.66 0.79 0.78 0.75 0.85 0.85 0.69 0.71 0.715
EBIT Margin 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.07 0.15 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.096
Asset Turnover 1.58 1.54 1.50 1.51 1.30 1.12 0.89 0.71 0.86 0.87 0.86 0.89 0.98 1.04 1.18 1.21 0.53 1.18 1.21 1.18 1.176
Equity Multiplier 2.08 2.08 2.25 2.32 2.25 2.21 2.25 2.26 2.36 2.29 1.99 1.95 2.02 1.99 1.73 1.68 1.64 1.69 1.61 1.62 1.623
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $6.12 $6.20 $7.48 $6.17 $-0.23 $-0.87 $-0.95 $1.27 $3.86 $0.72 $0.11 $0.22 $0.57 $1.24 $0.83 $0.62 $0.81 $0.73 $0.62 $0.77 $0.77
Book Value/Share $23.23 $25.51 $27.15 $25.70 $21.40 $20.70 $23.26 $24.22 $22.50 $11.90 $6.38 $6.65 $6.35 $7.66 $6.83 $7.00 $25.62 $7.44 $7.45 $7.70 $7.71
Tangible Book/Share $21.04 $23.33 $24.91 $22.00 $18.91 $18.26 $21.90 $22.86 $21.10 $11.17 $5.93 $6.20 $6.19 $7.46 $6.67 $6.83 $25.03 $6.84 $7.28 $7.54 $7.54
Revenue/Share $67.40 $72.21 $81.75 $83.47 $67.77 $59.97 $51.61 $40.44 $44.62 $22.63 $10.75 $11.37 $12.21 $14.92 $13.42 $13.90 $14.04 $14.13 $14.01 $14.04 $14.04
FCF/Share $3.28 $3.41 $-1.72 $-3.82 $-7.72 $-8.18 $3.14 $6.56 $8.10 $3.75 $1.20 $1.37 $1.11 $1.96 $1.12 $0.57 $0.89 $0.69 $0.08 $0.49 $0.49
OCF/Share $5.49 $5.59 $0.52 $0.37 $-3.88 $-4.46 $6.66 $7.90 $9.25 $4.41 $1.58 $1.79 $1.61 $2.43 $1.46 $0.91 $1.39 $1.37 $0.77 $1.16 $1.16
Cash/Share $7.38 $7.36 $6.79 $5.87 $6.70 $4.11 $9.18 $14.24 $12.87 $5.92 $2.00 $2.73 $3.47 $4.20 $2.96 $2.59 $9.54 $2.44 $1.90 $2.75 $2.75
EBITDA/Share $11.17 $11.03 $11.79 $10.27 $2.43 $1.85 $1.77 $4.20 $8.05 $2.82 $1.15 $1.17 $1.45 $2.26 $1.65 $1.43 $1.52 $1.40 $1.51 $1.72 $1.72
Debt/Share $16.64 $18.23 $24.72 $26.32 $24.50 $22.56 $22.21 $21.91 $21.49 $10.99 $3.36 $3.25 $3.69 $4.33 $3.21 $2.54 $2.58 $2.45 $3.19 $2.75 $2.75
Net Debt/Share $9.26 $10.86 $17.93 $20.45 $17.80 $18.45 $13.02 $7.67 $8.62 $5.07 $1.37 $0.52 $0.22 $0.13 $0.25 $-0.05 $-6.96 $0.01 $1.29 $0.01 $0.01
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 5 5 1 2 4 6 8 6 6 6 7 8 8 8 6 6 7 7 7
Beneish M-Score -1.87 -2.25 -1.62 -0.65 -4.36 -3.08 -2.97 -3.66 -0.47 -2.51 -3.17 -2.92 -3.54 -3.01 -2.80 -2.30 4.99 0.11 -2.03 -2.61 -2.610
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.120
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 14.58%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $3.14
EVA snapshot only $105446794.14
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 63.54 63.04 56.73 53.37 26.13 26.71 33.89 39.71 57.28 51.26 50.64 51.53 52.43 57.25 59.94 61.47 54.86 54.26 49.02 52.82 52.819
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only -8.652
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 40
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 40

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