— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: KRX.IR (DUB) · $vol 46M · KGP.L (LSE) · $vol 10M · KGSPY (OTC) · $vol 2M

KGSPF OTC

Kingspan Group plc
1W: -4.9% 1M: -5.5% 3M: +14.9% YTD: +25.8% 1Y: +33.5% 3Y: +49.3% 5Y: +14.7%
$110.25
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Basic Materials · Construction Materials · Tech Score Sell · Power 47 · $19.8B mcap · 151M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 31% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. KGSPF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-03 None ADDED
2026-10-03 EXISTED None
2026-09-29 None ADDED
2026-09-29 EXISTED None
2026-09-22 None ADDED
2026-09-20 EXISTED None
2026-09-16 None ADDED
2026-09-16 EXISTED None
2026-09-09 None ADDED
2026-09-08 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
53
Balance Sheet
68
Earnings Quality
80
Growth
58
Value
—
Momentum
84
Safety
—
Cash Flow
42

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.30
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.45
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 75.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.31x
Accruals: -4.2%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. KGSPF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. KGSPF's score of -2.30 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. KGSPF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. KGSPF receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 75.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). KGSPF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
26.97x
PEG
0.78x
P/S
1.94x
P/B
3.88x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$66.51
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 27.0x earnings, KGSPF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $66.51 per share, 66% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.786
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.926
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.101
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.855
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.272
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
30.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. KGSPF's ROE of 30.9% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.855), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$288.55
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with KGSPF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. KGSPF actually compounded EPS at 25.0% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. KGSPF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $288.55, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 27.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$110.25
Median 1Y
$112.82
5th Pctile
$54.89
95th Pctile
$232.20
Ann. Volatility
43.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 36.1% 36.8% 38.4% 37.7% 38.4% 38.6% 38.9% 36.9% 36.3% 36.5% 37.4% 40.7% 40.6% 40.0% 36.7% 34.1% 34.3% 32.6% 32.1% 30.9% 30.94%
ROA 18.3% 17.2% 18.7% 17.3% 17.5% 17.7% 18.6% 16.4% 15.9% 15.7% 17.4% 18.1% 17.7% 17.3% 17.2% 15.1% 14.9% 14.5% 15.0% 13.6% 13.62%
ROIC 24.6% 26.8% 28.3% 25.0% 26.5% 25.1% 26.1% 27.0% 29.4% 26.5% 26.5% 26.2% 25.0% 26.0% 26.7% 23.0% 23.0% 21.6% 21.9% 22.4% 22.41%
ROCE 26.0% 27.9% 28.4% 25.9% 26.3% 23.1% 19.8% 15.8% 11.7% 12.1% 13.0% 14.4% 13.1% 13.8% 17.0% 19.3% 20.3% 22.7% 24.3% 24.2% 24.16%
Gross Margin 29.4% 28.9% 28.5% 27.9% 27.6% 28.2% 29.0% 28.9% 30.4% 28.1% 28.1% 26.4% 26.0% 28.4% 28.4% 29.8% 29.4% 29.7% 29.1% 28.9% 28.86%
Operating Margin 10.3% 9.7% 10.2% 9.3% 10.2% 9.7% 10.5% 9.0% 12.0% 10.8% 11.5% 10.1% 9.1% 10.2% 10.5% 9.5% 10.5% 9.2% 10.4% 9.5% 9.47%
Net Margin 7.9% 7.6% 7.9% 7.2% 7.9% 7.5% 8.3% 7.0% 9.2% 8.2% 8.8% 7.5% 6.9% 7.8% 8.0% 7.3% 8.1% 6.9% 7.6% 6.7% 6.69%
EBITDA Margin 12.8% 12.0% 12.3% 11.5% 12.4% 7.9% 8.2% 5.9% 9.0% 8.0% 8.4% 7.3% 7.2% 7.9% 12.9% 12.1% 15.1% 11.8% 13.8% 12.9% 12.86%
FCF Margin 7.7% 5.9% 5.8% 4.6% 6.1% 6.4% 7.3% 9.8% 9.4% 9.4% 6.0% 3.2% 3.9% 5.1% 8.3% 8.9% 8.8% 6.3% 5.6% 5.6% 5.59%
OCF Margin 11.0% 9.0% 8.8% 7.5% 9.0% 9.4% 10.6% 13.1% 12.6% 12.3% 8.7% 6.0% 6.9% 8.2% 11.4% 12.1% 12.4% 10.1% 9.7% 9.6% 9.63%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 31.07%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 31.96%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 13.72%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 23.10%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 21.70%
Cash ROA snapshot only 16.35%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 26.04%
CROIC snapshot only 15.12%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.29%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 9.34%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.25%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.11%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 26.974
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.938
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.879
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.776
Graham Number snapshot only $66.51
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.56 1.64 1.65 1.63 1.59 1.53 1.66 1.59 2.21 1.70 1.80 1.56 1.78 1.58 1.65 1.22 1.60 1.67 1.37 1.33 1.326
Quick Ratio 1.09 1.10 1.08 1.07 1.07 1.00 1.06 1.13 1.79 1.27 1.12 0.94 1.10 1.06 1.15 0.79 1.07 1.09 0.87 0.85 0.854
Debt/Equity 0.48 0.45 0.43 0.55 0.58 0.56 0.47 0.49 0.72 0.65 0.54 0.55 0.72 0.66 0.56 0.57 0.66 0.62 0.64 0.56 0.564
Net Debt/Equity 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.45 0.41 0.47 0.38 0.29 0.16 0.29 0.32 0.43 0.52 0.44 0.31 0.44 0.42 0.49 0.51 0.44 0.439
Debt/Assets 0.23 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.32 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.25 0.246
Debt/EBITDA 0.96 0.85 0.78 1.02 1.05 1.12 1.08 1.32 2.35 2.16 1.76 1.67 2.10 1.92 1.49 1.40 1.40 1.22 1.21 1.08 1.083
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.66 0.59 0.57 0.83 0.75 0.95 0.87 0.78 0.51 0.97 1.04 1.30 1.53 1.30 0.83 1.07 0.90 0.96 0.96 0.84 0.843
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — 35.90 15.23 12.24 8.30 11.73 13.31 13.07 16.14 16.138
Equity Multiplier 2.07 2.10 2.12 2.29 2.30 2.25 2.07 2.23 2.27 2.38 2.21 2.26 2.31 2.27 2.08 2.25 2.29 2.23 2.19 2.29 2.293
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.187
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 21.423
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.221
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.386
Defensive Interval snapshot only 276.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.43 2.22 2.34 2.26 2.29 2.32 2.40 2.13 1.97 1.91 2.07 2.18 2.28 2.25 2.28 2.02 1.91 1.91 2.00 1.86 1.855
Inventory Turnover 13.74 11.14 12.92 12.06 12.97 12.01 12.91 11.99 12.69 10.55 9.29 9.93 12.43 12.26 11.36 9.34 9.74 10.03 11.52 9.82 9.815
Receivables Turnover 13.36 10.34 12.77 9.98 12.55 10.56 13.46 10.44 12.85 9.15 12.73 10.34 16.14 11.46 15.84 10.15 13.22 10.29 13.97 10.05 10.046
Payables Turnover 17.00 7.10 17.10 7.49 16.32 10.71 17.73 7.51 16.00 7.73 13.93 7.11 20.02 7.92 17.87 6.93 10.67 7.18 11.39 6.61 6.610
DSO 27 35 29 37 29 35 27 35 28 40 29 35 23 32 23 36 28 35 26 36 36.3 days
DIO 27 33 28 30 28 30 28 30 29 35 39 37 29 30 32 39 37 36 32 37 37.2 days
DPO 21 51 21 49 22 34 21 49 23 47 26 51 18 46 20 53 34 51 32 55 55.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 32 17 35 18 35 31 35 17 34 27 42 21 34 16 35 22 31 21 26 18 18.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 6.791
Operating Cycle snapshot only 73.5 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 31.162
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.589
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 60.4% 57.9% 45.2% 39.5% 36.7% 33.4% 33.3% 24.3% 14.9% 16.1% 22.6% 44.6% 60.7% 61.4% 48.4% 25.0% 12.5% 7.1% 8.4% 12.4% 12.43%
Net Income 1.3% 1.1% 82.8% 50.7% 38.7% 31.8% 29.8% 25.2% 20.8% 24.9% 32.5% 56.1% 55.1% 51.1% 33.5% 12.8% 13.3% 5.7% 7.9% 10.1% 10.13%
EPS 1.2% 1.1% 81.2% 49.6% 37.9% 30.9% 28.7% 24.3% 20.1% 23.9% 32.3% 55.8% 55.0% 51.2% 33.1% 11.9% 12.6% 5.7% 8.5% 12.1% 12.08%
FCF 1.7% 40.8% 12.5% -17.9% 8.7% 44.1% 66.2% 1.7% 76.6% 71.7% 1.8% -52.6% -32.8% -13.0% 1.1% 2.5% 1.5% 32.8% -27.8% -29.3% -29.30%
EBITDA 1.1% 92.5% 67.0% 43.5% 33.3% 17.5% 5.6% -10.9% -25.5% -16.9% -1.9% 34.3% 57.5% 57.0% 63.1% 54.8% 77.0% 82.0% 63.8% 50.7% 50.66%
Op. Income 1.2% 1.0% 76.3% 47.1% 36.1% 30.3% 28.9% 24.7% 21.0% 26.0% 35.2% 61.2% 59.6% 54.0% 34.8% 11.4% 11.1% 4.5% 7.8% 13.2% 13.21%
OCF Growth snapshot only -10.50%
Asset Growth snapshot only 20.49%
Equity Growth snapshot only 18.07%
Debt Growth snapshot only 16.89%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.74%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 9.03%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 49.6% 36.2% 35.2% 36.1% 36.3% 37.9% 38.4% 37.0% 36.0% 34.7% 33.4% 35.9% 36.1% 35.7% 34.3% 31.0% 27.6% 26.1% 25.4% 26.7% 26.68%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — 74.2% 51.0% 39.4% 31.4% 32.2% 35.3% 36.1% 37.5% 37.0% 36.0% 35.4% 33.4% 30.7% 28.7% 28.66%
EPS 3Y 79.2% 65.2% 66.1% 62.7% 62.5% 62.9% 60.4% 56.7% 54.0% 49.6% 45.6% 42.5% 36.9% 34.8% 31.3% 29.4% 28.0% 25.6% 24.1% 25.0% 25.02%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — 93.5% 68.4% 57.0% 48.8% 50.8% 52.8% 51.6% 52.0% 48.7% 46.3% 44.8% 39.8% 34.8% 29.4% 29.43%
Net Income 3Y 82.9% 68.5% 69.7% 65.6% 65.6% 65.7% 63.2% 59.1% 56.2% 50.7% 46.5% 43.4% 37.5% 35.5% 31.9% 30.1% 28.5% 25.9% 24.0% 24.7% 24.70%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — 96.6% 70.8% 59.3% 51.1% 53.0% 54.7% 53.5% 53.7% 50.4% 47.9% 46.3% 40.5% 35.3% 29.6% 29.63%
EBITDA 3Y 65.2% 51.8% 52.5% 50.5% 50.8% 47.6% 42.5% 34.2% 27.0% 23.4% 20.0% 19.7% 16.1% 15.3% 19.1% 22.8% 27.6% 33.4% 37.9% 46.3% 46.30%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — 74.9% 48.9% 35.0% 27.8% 29.7% 32.5% 32.1% 33.2% 35.8% 38.1% 41.7% 39.9% 35.8% 32.0% 31.97%
Gross Profit 3Y 53.0% 39.3% 38.1% 28.9% 37.7% 39.8% 41.1% 50.7% 40.3% 37.1% 34.1% 33.7% 31.9% 32.0% 31.0% 30.2% 28.8% 28.0% 27.3% 27.9% 27.88%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — 75.2% 51.7% 40.7% 32.7% 33.4% 30.3% 35.8% 37.7% 37.7% 43.7% 37.8% 35.1% 31.7% 28.6% 28.55%
Op. Income 3Y 80.6% 64.7% 63.9% 60.0% 59.4% 60.3% 59.0% 55.6% 53.8% 49.3% 45.4% 43.5% 38.0% 36.2% 33.0% 30.8% 29.0% 26.6% 25.3% 26.7% 26.69%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — 95.7% 69.1% 57.5% 48.9% 50.3% 52.4% 50.9% 51.5% 48.9% 46.5% 45.2% 39.9% 34.9% 30.1% 30.11%
FCF 3Y 63.8% 39.1% 53.4% 42.2% 38.9% 49.6% 53.4% 66.5% 73.5% 51.6% 23.9% 1.1% 8.9% 29.1% 51.4% 63.2% 44.1% 25.6% 14.7% 5.0% 5.04%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — 57.3% 59.8% 53.2% 46.1% 43.6% 29.3% 26.0% 38.0% 49.8% 49.9% 54.7% 32.1% 23.0% 20.4% 20.36%
OCF 3Y 62.7% 42.1% 54.5% 46.9% 43.0% 51.6% 55.0% 63.1% 66.1% 48.3% 26.7% 11.7% 16.6% 31.2% 46.5% 53.5% 42.0% 29.1% 21.4% 14.3% 14.35%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — 59.7% 57.9% 50.6% 43.3% 43.2% 35.5% 32.9% 41.6% 48.5% 48.6% 52.1% 35.8% 29.3% 25.7% 25.71%
Assets 3Y 35.3% 30.6% 31.1% 35.3% 36.5% 37.7% 39.1% 39.9% 42.7% 32.5% 35.8% 38.8% 36.7% 37.5% 35.2% 33.9% 34.6% 32.3% 31.8% 31.5% 31.53%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — 30.6% 29.5% 34.5% 34.2% 34.8% 36.7% 37.1% 37.9% 38.1% 38.9% 39.8% 30.2% 31.0% 32.0% 32.01%
Equity 3Y 30.0% 30.6% 28.0% 28.0% 29.5% 32.0% 34.5% 33.0% 32.9% 29.1% 31.1% 34.3% 31.7% 33.9% 36.0% 34.8% 34.9% 32.8% 29.3% 30.2% 30.23%
Book Value 3Y 27.4% 28.0% 25.3% 25.8% 27.1% 29.8% 32.2% 31.0% 30.9% 28.1% 30.3% 33.6% 31.1% 33.2% 35.5% 34.0% 34.3% 32.4% 29.4% 30.6% 30.57%
Dividend 3Y 17.0% 23.4% 21.7% 18.1% 15.5% 9.1% 8.1% -9.1% -17.0% -25.2% -20.9% 6.2% 28.7% 41.1% 35.4% 14.9% 3.5% 4.0% 2.0% 2.6% 2.58%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.94 0.91 0.94 0.95 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.93 0.90 0.90 0.93 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.982
Earnings Stability 0.87 0.87 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.99 0.97 0.973
Margin Stability 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.82 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.92 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.88 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.978
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.92 0.90 0.87 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.95 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.959
Earnings Smoothness 0.22 0.30 0.41 0.60 0.68 0.73 0.74 0.78 0.81 0.78 0.72 0.56 0.57 0.59 0.71 0.88 0.87 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.904
ROE Trend 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.02 -0.04 -0.037
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.012
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 -0.005
Sustainable Growth Rate 29.6% 29.1% 30.6% 29.2% 30.3% 30.2% 30.8% 31.7% 32.5% 33.8% 34.4% 36.2% 34.7% 34.4% 31.3% 28.9% 29.4% 27.7% 27.4% 26.4% 26.39%
Internal Growth Rate 17.7% 15.7% 17.5% 15.4% 16.0% 16.0% 17.3% 16.4% 16.6% 17.0% 19.1% 19.2% 17.8% 17.4% 17.2% 14.7% 14.6% 14.0% 14.7% 13.1% 13.14%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.46 1.17 1.10 0.98 1.17 1.23 1.37 1.70 1.56 1.50 1.04 0.72 0.89 1.06 1.51 1.61 1.58 1.33 1.29 1.31 1.312
FCF/OCF 0.70 0.65 0.67 0.61 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.75 0.75 0.77 0.69 0.53 0.57 0.62 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.63 0.58 0.58 0.581
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.762
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.719
CapEx/Revenue 3.3% 3.1% 2.9% 2.9% 2.9% 3.0% 3.4% 3.3% 3.2% 2.9% 2.7% 2.8% 3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 3.3% 3.6% 3.8% 4.1% 4.0% 4.04%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.223
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.03 -0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.07 -0.11 -0.09 -0.08 -0.01 0.05 0.02 -0.01 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.05 -0.04 -0.04 -0.042
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.018
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.881
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.55%
Dividend/Share $0.44 $0.58 $0.61 $0.70 $0.71 $0.78 $0.80 $0.54 $0.42 $0.33 $0.40 $0.66 $0.91 $0.95 $1.01 $1.01 $1.02 $1.07 $1.07 $1.10 $0.56
Payout Ratio 18.0% 21.1% 20.3% 22.6% 21.1% 21.8% 20.8% 14.2% 10.4% 7.5% 7.9% 11.0% 14.5% 14.1% 14.9% 15.1% 14.4% 15.1% 14.7% 14.7% 14.72%
FCF Payout Ratio 17.6% 27.6% 27.8% 37.5% 26.4% 26.1% 22.2% 11.1% 8.9% 6.5% 11.0% 28.6% 28.6% 21.3% 13.5% 12.8% 12.7% 18.2% 19.8% 19.3% 19.33%
Total Payout Ratio 18.3% 21.6% 20.8% 22.9% 21.4% 21.9% 20.9% 14.2% 10.5% 10.4% 10.5% 13.2% 16.6% 14.1% 15.0% 26.1% 24.7% 25.5% 35.9% 25.7% 25.66%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.786
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.95 1.09 1.29 1.50 1.89 1.88 1.88 1.87 1.86 1.87 1.48 1.25 1.06 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.926
EBIT Margin 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.101
Asset Turnover 2.43 2.22 2.34 2.26 2.29 2.32 2.40 2.13 1.97 1.91 2.07 2.18 2.28 2.25 2.28 2.02 1.91 1.91 2.00 1.86 1.855
Equity Multiplier 1.97 2.14 2.06 2.18 2.19 2.18 2.09 2.25 2.29 2.32 2.15 2.25 2.30 2.32 2.13 2.25 2.30 2.25 2.14 2.27 2.272
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.45 $2.74 $2.98 $3.09 $3.38 $3.59 $3.84 $3.84 $4.06 $4.45 $5.07 $5.98 $6.29 $6.73 $6.75 $6.69 $7.08 $7.11 $7.33 $7.49 $7.49
Book Value/Share $8.04 $8.26 $8.44 $9.07 $9.62 $10.37 $11.34 $11.78 $12.84 $14.06 $15.82 $17.57 $18.14 $19.54 $20.98 $21.83 $23.29 $24.08 $24.56 $26.23 $28.10
Tangible Book/Share $2.06 $2.37 $1.89 $1.68 $1.36 $2.09 $2.58 $3.09 $4.30 $3.65 $4.87 $5.04 $3.46 $4.25 $5.45 $4.78 $3.73 $4.51 $3.88 $5.10 $5.10
Revenue/Share $32.52 $35.47 $37.42 $40.41 $44.19 $47.03 $49.47 $49.83 $50.46 $54.17 $60.55 $71.94 $81.07 $87.49 $89.60 $89.23 $90.60 $93.64 $97.59 $102.09 $52.99
FCF/Share $2.51 $2.10 $2.18 $1.86 $2.71 $3.00 $3.59 $4.89 $4.75 $5.11 $3.65 $2.31 $3.20 $4.44 $7.48 $7.93 $8.00 $5.90 $5.43 $5.71 $3.51
OCF/Share $3.57 $3.21 $3.28 $3.04 $3.97 $4.41 $5.27 $6.53 $6.35 $6.66 $5.30 $4.33 $5.59 $7.14 $10.17 $10.79 $11.21 $9.42 $9.44 $9.83 $5.59
Cash/Share $1.23 $1.14 $0.98 $0.94 $1.62 $0.87 $1.05 $2.36 $7.27 $5.09 $3.51 $2.15 $3.55 $4.16 $5.12 $2.90 $5.45 $3.18 $3.20 $3.28 $3.30
EBITDA/Share $4.02 $4.43 $4.71 $4.90 $5.33 $5.17 $4.93 $4.33 $3.95 $4.26 $4.82 $5.81 $6.21 $6.69 $7.85 $8.91 $10.92 $12.17 $12.92 $13.67 $13.67
Debt/Share $3.86 $3.75 $3.66 $4.99 $5.61 $5.78 $5.33 $5.74 $9.29 $9.20 $8.51 $9.69 $13.03 $12.83 $11.66 $12.44 $15.31 $14.86 $15.62 $14.80 $14.80
Net Debt/Share $2.63 $2.61 $2.68 $4.05 $3.99 $4.91 $4.29 $3.38 $2.03 $4.11 $5.00 $7.54 $9.49 $8.67 $6.54 $9.53 $9.85 $11.68 $12.42 $11.52 $11.52
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 7 5 6 5 7 7 6 5 5 4 5 7 6 6 5 6 5 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.01 -2.26 -2.10 -1.90 -2.13 -2.23 -2.54 -2.92 -2.96 -2.44 -2.04 -1.29 -1.53 -2.14 -2.69 -2.91 -2.26 -2.52 -2.26 -2.30 -2.302
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.451
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 49.61%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-9.00
EVA snapshot only $848417005.31
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 79.25 79.25 79.25 73.40 73.40 76.25 77.75 77.75 74.75 74.75 73.40 70.70 72.90 74.05 76.25 73.75 76.25 73.40 73.10 75.85 75.850
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.100
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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