— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: MC.PA (PAR) · $vol 242M · MOH.DE (XETRA) · $vol 2M · LVMHF (OTC) · $vol 1M · MC.SW (SIX) · $vol 0M · LVMH.TO (TSX) · $vol 0M

LVMUY OTC

LVMH Moët Hennessy - Louis Vuitton, Société Européenne
1W: -6.5% 1M: -16.1% 3M: -24.6% YTD: -43.5% 1Y: -30.6% 3Y: -39.6% 5Y: -39.6%
$85.21
+0.06 (+0.07%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.3%
$80 $82 $85 $88 $91
OTC · Consumer Cyclical · Luxury Goods · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 32 · $210.1B mcap · 243M float · 0.206% daily turnover · Short 18% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. LVMUY receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-30 B B+
2026-07-06 B+ B
2026-07-01 B B+
2026-06-24 B+ B
2026-05-11 B B+
2026-02-12 B- B
2026-01-30 A- B-
2026-01-26 B+ A-
2026-01-14 B B+
2026-01-12 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
81
Balance Sheet
74
Earnings Quality
72
Growth
20
Value
—
Momentum
52
Safety
—
Cash Flow
76

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.58
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.11
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 80.5/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.78x
Accruals: -11.8%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. LVMUY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. LVMUY's score of -2.58 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. LVMUY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. LVMUY receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 80.5/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). LVMUY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
17.25x
PEG
-63.26x
P/S
2.34x
P/B
2.75x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$73.87
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 17.2x earnings, LVMUY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $73.87 per share, 15% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.661
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.959
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.212
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.133
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.154
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
32.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. LVMUY's ROE of 32.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.133), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$339.45
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with LVMUY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. LVMUY actually compounded EPS at 26.3% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. LVMUY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $339.45, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 17.2x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$85.21
Median 1Y
$82.73
5th Pctile
$48.88
95th Pctile
$140.76
Ann. Volatility
33.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
55,812
Revenue / Employee
$227,424
Rev: $12,693,000,000
Profit / Employee
$9,962
NI: $556,000,000
SGA / Employee
$109,690
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 31.4% 32.4% 35.1% 38.9% 39.9% 42.5% 41.3% 33.6% 34.1% 37.1% 40.0% 52.6% 56.5% 59.3% 54.1% 51.9% 45.2% 40.6% 36.4% 32.8% 32.84%
ROA 13.4% 13.4% 14.7% 16.4% 17.5% 16.4% 16.3% 12.6% 13.0% 13.4% 15.1% 19.4% 21.5% 22.9% 21.8% 21.8% 19.5% 17.8% 16.4% 15.2% 15.25%
ROIC 30.7% 30.9% 29.6% 32.3% 35.1% 27.0% 28.3% 23.1% 25.7% 22.3% 25.6% 32.3% 35.1% 36.3% 36.2% 34.0% 31.7% 30.0% 24.5% 25.6% 25.65%
ROCE 28.4% 26.6% 27.0% 29.4% 31.3% 28.1% 28.5% 22.1% 22.9% 24.3% 26.1% 33.8% 36.5% 39.5% 38.9% 39.8% 36.2% 35.3% 32.8% 30.4% 30.39%
Gross Margin 65.1% 65.1% 65.5% 67.2% 66.1% 66.3% 66.1% 61.9% 66.2% 68.2% 68.4% 68.9% 68.0% 69.4% 68.2% 68.8% 65.3% 66.8% 65.7% 67.1% 67.12%
Operating Margin 19.9% 18.4% 20.3% 21.3% 21.2% 21.1% 21.6% 9.1% 25.3% 26.7% 26.7% 27.9% 25.4% 27.4% 25.0% 25.5% 19.3% 22.6% 21.2% 22.5% 22.55%
Net Margin 11.1% 10.8% 14.1% 13.8% 13.4% 13.0% 13.7% 2.8% 15.9% 18.5% 19.0% 17.8% 17.8% 20.1% 15.2% 17.4% 12.3% 14.3% 12.6% 14.7% 14.74%
EBITDA Margin 22.7% 22.4% 23.8% 25.8% 24.3% 24.9% 28.8% 19.8% 33.2% 35.9% 34.3% 33.1% 32.3% 34.1% 28.0% 29.5% 23.3% 26.1% 29.3% 26.2% 26.20%
FCF Margin 10.4% 10.8% 10.8% 11.6% 11.4% 12.3% 14.2% 12.1% 18.0% 21.0% 22.9% 24.2% 20.5% 16.6% 15.1% 14.2% 14.4% 16.0% 17.0% 18.2% 18.19%
OCF Margin 16.2% 16.6% 16.5% 17.4% 17.3% 18.3% 20.0% 18.4% 22.9% 25.6% 27.1% 28.3% 25.4% 22.6% 21.9% 21.3% 21.9% 22.8% 23.1% 23.9% 23.90%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 41.05%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 37.89%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 17.83%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 26.86%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 23.38%
Cash ROA snapshot only 27.35%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 41.91%
CROIC snapshot only 31.90%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 14.63%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 20.34%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 44.59%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.04%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.246
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.344
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.749
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $73.87
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.51 1.83 1.41 1.41 1.40 1.15 1.17 1.55 1.58 1.10 1.23 1.17 1.26 1.22 1.32 1.38 1.41 1.48 1.58 1.63 1.631
Quick Ratio 0.69 1.02 0.68 0.65 0.66 0.50 0.57 0.94 1.06 0.52 0.62 0.57 0.60 0.55 0.63 0.63 0.71 0.72 0.83 0.77 0.772
Debt/Equity 0.28 0.49 0.40 0.41 0.34 0.76 0.69 1.03 1.00 0.93 0.74 0.72 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.63 0.61 0.61 0.74 0.54 0.538
Net Debt/Equity 0.13 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.62 0.51 0.60 0.45 0.72 0.52 0.52 0.45 0.48 0.45 0.46 0.41 0.42 0.54 0.36 0.359
Debt/Assets 0.12 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.28 0.26 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.28 0.28 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.35 0.26 0.258
Debt/EBITDA 0.45 0.77 0.63 0.61 0.51 1.10 0.96 1.53 1.40 1.25 1.00 0.85 0.74 0.72 0.74 0.78 0.84 0.88 1.11 0.86 0.863
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.21 0.24 0.40 0.37 0.27 0.89 0.72 0.89 0.62 0.96 0.70 0.61 0.51 0.53 0.53 0.57 0.56 0.61 0.81 0.58 0.575
Interest Coverage — — — — — — 94.09 40.34 32.34 29.33 41.75 64.15 60.38 47.01 31.75 24.81 20.77 18.70 17.55 16.68 16.680
Equity Multiplier 2.26 2.45 2.41 2.39 2.30 2.70 2.64 2.89 2.90 2.83 2.66 2.59 2.44 2.41 2.35 2.23 2.21 2.17 2.11 2.08 2.082
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.428
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 20.566
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.333
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.806
Defensive Interval snapshot only 94.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.30 1.26 1.26 1.31 1.34 1.21 1.21 1.11 1.07 0.98 0.98 1.08 1.18 1.23 1.23 1.24 1.20 1.20 1.16 1.13 1.133
Inventory Turnover 2.56 2.50 2.65 2.57 2.64 2.62 2.74 2.57 2.65 2.33 2.37 2.43 2.67 2.51 2.61 2.46 2.47 2.39 2.40 2.25 2.249
Receivables Turnover 29.55 35.01 30.53 34.62 30.29 35.95 32.49 37.97 32.89 34.23 30.09 39.41 40.89 44.08 38.83 39.94 38.01 39.95 36.47 38.67 38.666
Payables Turnover 6.57 7.36 6.55 7.07 6.40 7.09 6.52 7.64 6.54 6.41 5.62 6.91 6.53 7.08 6.43 6.77 6.29 6.90 6.38 6.80 6.804
DSO 12 10 12 11 12 10 11 10 11 11 12 9 9 8 9 9 10 9 10 9 9.4 days
DIO 143 146 138 142 138 139 133 142 138 157 154 150 137 146 140 149 148 153 152 162 162.3 days
DPO 56 50 56 52 57 51 56 48 56 57 65 53 56 52 57 54 58 53 57 54 53.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 100 107 94 101 93 98 88 104 93 110 101 107 90 102 93 104 99 109 105 118 118.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.600
Operating Cycle snapshot only 171.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 13.295
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.874
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 22.8% 21.6% 21.0% 22.0% 22.1% 24.3% 25.3% 14.6% 9.9% 7.5% 8.3% 30.9% 45.8% 54.0% 51.9% 33.9% 19.1% 7.3% -0.1% -4.8% -4.78%
Net Income -16.8% -10.9% 1.4% 12.9% 55.1% 58.7% 44.7% 3.8% 1.3% 8.0% 23.8% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 74.8% 31.8% 6.1% -14.9% -20.1% -27.3% -27.25%
EPS -16.8% -10.7% 1.6% 13.1% 55.3% 58.6% 44.8% 3.7% 1.2% 8.2% 23.7% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 76.2% 32.7% 6.7% -14.6% -19.8% -26.5% -26.53%
FCF 31.1% 35.0% 33.2% 36.7% 33.2% 42.2% 65.2% 19.4% 74.0% 83.6% 74.2% 1.6% 66.1% 21.7% 0.6% -21.5% -16.2% 3.4% 12.1% 21.9% 21.89%
EBITDA 17.2% 18.4% 21.8% 30.0% 31.8% 37.0% 43.9% 20.4% 24.6% 32.1% 33.1% 79.1% 80.0% 69.8% 50.7% 21.4% 1.3% -14.3% -15.2% -19.5% -19.48%
Op. Income 16.0% 19.0% 24.2% 33.9% 34.1% 39.5% 40.3% 8.9% 8.5% 11.4% 18.8% 84.1% 92.8% 90.0% 71.2% 29.3% 8.7% -7.6% -16.2% -21.3% -21.26%
OCF Growth snapshot only 6.91%
Asset Growth snapshot only -1.90%
Equity Growth snapshot only 5.03%
Debt Growth snapshot only -10.40%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.98%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 8.21%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 90.9% 51.3% 31.2% 18.1% 17.6% 18.0% 22.3% 25.1% 27.2% 27.3% 26.2% 24.1% 21.1% 18.0% 18.6% 18.63%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 63.0% 41.6% 31.7% 23.4% 21.8% 20.0% 18.5% 18.47%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 1.0% 57.8% 30.6% 9.4% 15.3% 22.1% 34.3% 51.5% 53.9% 46.7% 41.7% 33.6% 25.2% 20.5% 26.3% 26.27%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 79.6% 53.7% 43.6% 25.3% 22.7% 20.8% 18.8% 18.76%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 1.0% 57.9% 30.7% 9.3% 15.2% 22.0% 34.1% 51.2% 53.5% 46.3% 41.3% 33.2% 24.7% 20.0% 25.5% 25.48%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 79.4% 53.5% 43.4% 25.0% 22.4% 20.5% 18.3% 18.29%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — 93.5% 54.9% 33.3% 24.4% 28.9% 32.7% 41.0% 43.5% 45.4% 42.4% 37.8% 31.5% 24.3% 19.4% 20.5% 20.54%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 74.6% 49.4% 38.8% 28.5% 25.5% 24.4% 22.4% 22.35%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 91.3% 52.0% 31.1% 18.3% 18.2% 19.1% 24.3% 27.2% 29.5% 29.4% 28.0% 25.3% 21.7% 18.2% 19.1% 19.12%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 64.4% 42.9% 32.9% 24.5% 22.7% 20.7% 19.0% 18.97%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 94.7% 52.7% 29.1% 19.1% 22.7% 27.5% 39.0% 41.0% 43.4% 41.8% 37.4% 31.5% 25.0% 19.5% 23.3% 23.29%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 73.2% 48.6% 38.6% 28.8% 26.5% 24.3% 22.3% 22.28%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 2.0% 68.5% 57.0% 44.8% 52.2% 56.5% 62.4% 56.7% 47.0% 42.5% 34.9% 34.3% 32.2% 25.2% 35.8% 35.85%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.3% 53.0% 51.4% 33.4% 34.7% 34.0% 32.6% 32.57%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 1.4% 62.3% 46.9% 34.2% 39.5% 42.4% 48.6% 45.4% 41.2% 40.0% 35.0% 34.2% 30.3% 23.8% 29.5% 29.55%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 95.9% 50.4% 45.2% 32.0% 32.0% 30.1% 28.7% 28.73%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 21.5% 19.8% 22.7% 26.8% 28.4% 29.6% 31.4% 31.2% 28.4% 27.2% 26.3% 26.2% 15.9% 13.7% 11.0% 10.99%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 22.4% 20.7% 20.8% 22.8% 20.8% 19.8% 19.6% 19.64%
Equity 3Y — — — — — 9.8% 10.8% 9.1% 19.8% 21.2% 24.6% 27.2% 27.8% 29.1% 28.2% 29.3% 27.9% 24.7% 22.6% 23.9% 23.87%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — 9.7% 10.8% 9.1% 19.8% 21.3% 24.7% 27.4% 28.0% 29.3% 28.6% 29.7% 28.2% 25.2% 23.1% 24.7% 24.65%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — 13.7% 14.9% -1.7% 5.6% 2.6% 1.3% 33.4% 23.0% 26.6% 30.5% 9.7% 10.7% 4.6% 1.6% 3.0% 2.98%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.90 0.94 0.98 1.00 0.91 0.96 0.97 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.89 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.91 0.915
Earnings Stability — 0.64 0.77 0.90 0.39 0.82 0.90 0.81 0.59 0.85 0.95 0.79 0.67 0.82 0.88 0.87 0.81 0.78 0.79 0.70 0.696
Margin Stability — 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.975
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 0.96 0.99 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.82 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.90 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.98 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.891
Earnings Smoothness 0.82 0.89 0.99 0.88 0.57 0.55 0.63 0.96 0.99 0.92 0.79 0.31 0.25 0.29 0.46 0.73 0.94 0.84 0.78 0.68 0.685
ROE Trend — 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.06 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.08 0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.13 -0.135
Gross Margin Trend — -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.021
FCF Margin Trend — 0.04 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.07 0.09 0.10 0.12 0.06 -0.00 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.010
Sustainable Growth Rate 16.9% 17.2% 20.3% 22.4% 23.5% 24.0% 23.1% 20.5% 17.8% 21.0% 25.2% 29.0% 33.7% 34.6% 28.9% 28.8% 22.1% 18.1% 14.4% 11.3% 11.34%
Internal Growth Rate 7.8% 7.7% 9.3% 10.4% 11.5% 10.2% 10.0% 8.3% 7.3% 8.2% 10.5% 12.0% 14.7% 15.4% 13.2% 13.7% 10.6% 8.6% 6.9% 5.6% 5.56%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.57 1.56 1.41 1.39 1.32 1.35 1.49 1.61 1.90 1.87 1.77 1.58 1.40 1.21 1.24 1.21 1.35 1.54 1.63 1.78 1.776
FCF/OCF 0.64 0.65 0.65 0.67 0.66 0.67 0.71 0.66 0.79 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.81 0.73 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.70 0.73 0.76 0.761
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.352
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.914
CapEx/Revenue 5.8% 5.8% 5.7% 5.8% 5.9% 6.0% 5.8% 6.2% 4.9% 4.5% 4.3% 4.0% 4.9% 6.0% 6.8% 7.1% 7.4% 6.8% 6.2% 5.7% 5.71%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.155
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.06 -0.08 -0.08 -0.12 -0.12 -0.12 -0.11 -0.09 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.10 -0.10 -0.12 -0.118
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.017
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.646
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.43%
Dividend/Share $1.38 $1.51 $1.56 $1.79 $1.92 $2.22 $2.37 $1.71 $2.25 $2.40 $2.46 $4.05 $4.19 $4.87 $5.45 $5.33 $5.67 $5.54 $5.68 $5.77 $2.60
Payout Ratio 46.2% 47.0% 42.0% 42.5% 41.2% 43.5% 44.1% 38.9% 47.9% 43.5% 37.0% 44.8% 40.3% 41.6% 46.6% 44.4% 51.1% 55.3% 60.4% 65.5% 65.46%
FCF Payout Ratio 45.7% 46.3% 45.4% 45.9% 47.4% 47.9% 41.7% 36.6% 32.1% 28.2% 24.9% 33.0% 35.8% 46.7% 54.4% 55.1% 57.5% 51.2% 50.4% 48.4% 48.42%
Total Payout Ratio 50.9% 51.4% 46.5% 46.8% 44.3% 46.3% 46.6% 41.4% 48.4% 46.5% 40.4% 51.2% 48.6% 52.4% 57.4% 52.0% 57.6% 62.0% 68.8% 82.1% 82.09%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.61 0.61 0.64 0.65 0.67 0.67 0.67 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.68 0.69 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.69 0.67 0.66 0.661
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 1.01 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.95 0.96 0.959
EBIT Margin 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.212
Asset Turnover 1.30 1.26 1.26 1.31 1.34 1.21 1.21 1.11 1.07 0.98 0.98 1.08 1.18 1.23 1.23 1.24 1.20 1.20 1.16 1.13 1.133
Equity Multiplier 2.35 2.42 2.39 2.37 2.28 2.59 2.54 2.67 2.62 2.77 2.65 2.71 2.63 2.59 2.49 2.39 2.31 2.28 2.22 2.15 2.154
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $3.00 $3.21 $3.71 $4.22 $4.65 $5.10 $5.37 $4.38 $4.71 $5.51 $6.64 $9.04 $10.41 $11.71 $11.71 $12.00 $11.10 $10.00 $9.39 $8.82 $8.82
Book Value/Share $10.46 $10.65 $11.50 $11.90 $12.82 $13.35 $14.53 $14.20 $14.84 $16.34 $18.71 $20.18 $21.96 $23.05 $24.42 $25.93 $27.04 $26.18 $27.09 $27.50 $28.18
Tangible Book/Share $1.05 $0.73 $-0.72 $-0.42 $0.52 $0.15 $1.33 $-3.31 $-4.63 $-14.24 $-11.61 $-10.25 $-7.92 $-7.11 $4.57 $7.01 $8.26 $8.67 $10.45 $10.58 $10.58
Revenue/Share $29.05 $30.26 $31.84 $33.64 $35.52 $37.59 $39.91 $38.52 $39.00 $40.44 $43.22 $50.57 $57.13 $62.69 $66.18 $68.14 $68.41 $67.53 $66.34 $65.52 $32.21
FCF/Share $3.03 $3.26 $3.43 $3.91 $4.04 $4.63 $5.67 $4.67 $7.02 $8.51 $9.88 $12.26 $11.72 $10.42 $10.02 $9.68 $9.87 $10.82 $11.27 $11.92 $6.09
OCF/Share $4.71 $5.01 $5.24 $5.85 $6.14 $6.90 $8.00 $7.07 $8.94 $10.33 $11.73 $14.30 $14.53 $14.20 $14.50 $14.51 $14.95 $15.42 $15.36 $15.66 $7.55
Cash/Share $1.56 $3.56 $1.69 $1.97 $2.10 $1.90 $2.55 $6.10 $8.22 $3.45 $4.19 $4.13 $4.32 $4.14 $4.51 $4.43 $5.44 $4.95 $5.42 $4.93 $4.93
EBITDA/Share $6.49 $6.78 $7.22 $7.98 $8.56 $9.28 $10.40 $9.60 $10.66 $12.26 $13.84 $17.25 $19.26 $20.96 $21.03 $21.08 $19.62 $18.03 $17.90 $17.14 $17.14
Debt/Share $2.91 $5.19 $4.58 $4.90 $4.37 $10.17 $10.03 $14.67 $14.87 $15.28 $13.83 $14.62 $14.20 $15.18 $15.56 $16.35 $16.50 $15.90 $19.94 $14.79 $14.79
Net Debt/Share $1.35 $1.63 $2.89 $2.93 $2.27 $8.26 $7.48 $8.57 $6.65 $11.82 $9.64 $10.49 $9.88 $11.04 $11.05 $11.91 $11.06 $10.95 $14.52 $9.86 $9.86
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 7 6 7 7 6 7 4 5 5 6 8 8 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.62 -2.70 -2.58 -2.45 -2.47 -2.37 -2.56 -1.92 -2.53 -2.38 -2.23 -2.18 -2.56 -2.25 -2.85 -2.98 -2.47 -3.24 -2.43 -2.58 -2.578
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.107
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 54.60%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-10.34
EVA snapshot only $14469140018.73
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 73.10 80.25 75.00 75.90 78.75 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 79.00 77.50 80.50 80.500
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.250
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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