— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: MKS.L (LSE) · $vol 42M · MAKSY (OTC) · $vol 1M

MAKSF OTC

Marks and Spencer Group plc
1W: -1.2% 1M: -8.1% 3M: +10.7% YTD: +7.9% 1Y: +6.0% 3Y: +62.6% 5Y: +87.5%
$4.78
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Consumer Cyclical · Department Stores · Tech Score Sell · Power 33 · $9.8B mcap · 1.94B float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 80% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. MAKSF receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-07-01 None ADDED
2026-06-06 EXISTED None
2026-06-01 None ADDED
2026-05-12 EXISTED None
2026-05-07 None ADDED
2026-04-29 EXISTED None
2026-04-24 None ADDED
2026-04-15 EXISTED None
2026-04-10 None ADDED
2026-03-25 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
26
Balance Sheet
57
Earnings Quality
60
Growth
42
Value
—
Momentum
70
Safety
—
Cash Flow
52

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-1.98
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.10
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 68.1/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 4.22x
Accruals: -19.0%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. MAKSF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. MAKSF's score of -1.98 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. MAKSF's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. MAKSF receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 68.1/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). MAKSF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
30.76x
PEG
-2.15x
P/S
0.45x
P/B
2.56x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$2.93
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 30.8x earnings, MAKSF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $2.93 per share, 63% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.633
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.539
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.052
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
3.305
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.193
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
18.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. MAKSF's ROE of 18.9% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.19x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$10.11
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with MAKSF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. MAKSF actually compounded EPS at 98.6% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. MAKSF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $10.11, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 30.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$4.78
Median 1Y
$4.47
5th Pctile
$1.79
95th Pctile
$11.34
Ann. Volatility
58.8%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 23.1% 16.5% 14.6% 4.5% 6.1% 2.3% 3.2% 2.0% -2.2% -7.0% -4.5% 3.3% 12.0% 27.0% 26.7% 27.7% 30.1% 25.9% 18.6% 18.9% 18.85%
ROA 8.4% 6.4% 5.4% 1.8% 2.4% 0.9% 1.1% 0.7% -0.7% -2.2% -1.3% 1.1% 3.7% 7.6% 8.0% 8.8% 10.0% 8.1% 5.6% 5.9% 5.90%
ROIC 24.4% 24.4% 23.7% 18.0% 18.7% 17.0% 11.1% 7.0% 7.8% 2.4% 2.9% 4.1% 8.7% 16.7% 16.6% 18.3% 20.8% 18.2% 12.1% 12.8% 12.78%
ROCE 25.8% 25.9% 26.4% 24.0% 25.7% 28.1% 16.9% 12.9% 11.0% 6.6% 6.5% 6.2% 8.1% 13.9% 15.5% 19.6% 26.2% 29.2% 24.8% 22.8% 22.82%
Gross Margin 1.0% -17.8% 1.0% -21.0% 1.0% -22.8% 50.0% 37.3% 50.0% 36.6% 50.0% 37.1% 50.0% -23.5% 95.8% -24.3% 1.0% 1.0% 0.0% -28.1% -28.10%
Operating Margin 5.6% 7.8% 5.3% 6.9% 6.6% 7.6% 5.1% 0.4% -1.0% -1.1% 5.5% 5.4% 3.2% 5.4% 5.9% 5.8% 6.9% 2.4% 1.1% 4.8% 4.78%
Net Margin 0.3% 1.8% 1.7% -1.1% 1.2% -0.3% 2.3% -1.7% -1.6% -2.6% 3.1% 2.5% 3.0% 3.1% 3.4% 3.2% 4.4% 0.2% 0.1% 2.7% 2.71%
EBITDA Margin 11.3% 10.1% 10.8% 10.1% 13.8% 9.3% 9.6% 9.3% 7.9% 7.1% 8.3% 7.6% 7.2% 7.0% 7.8% 6.8% 12.0% 7.9% 5.3% 8.9% 8.88%
FCF Margin 8.0% 7.6% 6.7% 6.3% 7.4% 7.6% 7.4% 7.1% 5.7% 4.6% 6.4% 6.8% 5.7% 6.4% 5.0% 5.5% 6.2% 6.4% 5.1% 4.4% 4.37%
OCF Margin 11.7% 10.8% 9.7% 9.0% 9.8% 9.9% 9.8% 9.7% 8.6% 7.3% 9.0% 9.1% 8.1% 9.1% 7.8% 8.5% 9.0% 9.4% 7.8% 7.5% 7.53%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.64%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 11.31%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.26%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 8.03%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.93%
Cash ROA snapshot only 23.11%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 42.77%
CROIC snapshot only 24.81%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.25%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 2.82%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 13.22%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.17%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.764
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.451
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.559
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $2.93
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.68 0.73 0.69 0.72 0.73 0.67 0.74 0.66 0.62 0.69 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.80 0.80 0.86 0.82 0.87 0.81 0.86 0.865
Quick Ratio 0.28 0.41 0.30 0.29 0.28 0.35 0.37 0.35 0.30 0.42 0.54 0.62 0.49 0.51 0.43 0.55 0.45 0.56 0.46 0.54 0.537
Debt/Equity 0.71 0.71 0.76 0.61 0.63 0.67 1.45 1.13 1.51 1.79 1.59 1.31 1.23 1.36 1.16 1.11 0.95 1.00 1.21 1.12 1.119
Net Debt/Equity 0.66 0.55 0.64 0.53 0.56 0.51 1.29 1.06 1.40 1.49 1.20 0.89 0.97 0.95 0.86 0.74 0.69 0.61 0.91 0.79 0.788
Debt/Assets 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.46 0.41 0.46 0.47 0.44 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.338
Debt/EBITDA 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.80 0.76 0.78 2.04 1.94 2.29 2.49 2.50 2.46 2.28 2.12 1.87 1.75 1.33 1.28 1.51 1.32 1.315
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.88 0.75 0.82 0.70 0.68 0.59 1.82 1.82 2.13 2.07 1.89 1.68 1.80 1.49 1.39 1.17 0.97 0.78 1.13 0.93 0.927
Interest Coverage — — — — — — 24.36 10.44 4.99 1.99 2.10 2.15 2.26 3.31 3.13 2.83 4.17 4.99 4.45 5.53 5.534
Equity Multiplier 2.64 2.63 2.74 2.55 2.57 2.69 3.15 2.75 3.30 3.78 3.59 3.24 3.19 3.40 3.08 3.07 2.86 3.00 3.60 3.31 3.310
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.337
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 8.857
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.295
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.397
Defensive Interval snapshot only 33.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.58 2.57 2.66 2.66 2.72 2.72 2.35 2.32 2.40 2.44 2.08 2.04 2.32 2.57 2.67 2.76 2.83 3.00 3.04 3.31 3.305
Inventory Turnover 14.03 16.91 14.88 16.92 15.39 18.36 18.23 18.45 19.27 16.64 13.94 18.02 14.48 24.27 16.38 26.31 16.76 10.99 15.08 22.63 22.626
Receivables Turnover 61.28 181.78 63.91 115.81 70.65 184.79 71.40 103.00 70.65 171.97 74.91 163.60 78.01 198.49 83.74 213.34 78.22 203.85 58.70 93.71 93.706
Payables Turnover 8.02 13.60 7.97 14.50 8.64 10.77 10.41 15.56 9.95 10.29 6.69 15.21 6.65 23.63 7.25 26.09 7.67 11.06 6.53 11.70 11.700
DSO 6 2 6 3 5 2 5 4 5 2 5 2 5 2 4 2 5 2 6 4 3.9 days
DIO 26 22 25 22 24 20 20 20 19 22 26 20 25 15 22 14 22 33 24 16 16.1 days
DPO 46 27 46 25 42 34 35 23 37 35 55 24 55 15 50 14 48 33 56 31 31.2 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -14 -3 -16 -0 -13 -12 -10 -0 -13 -11 -24 -2 -25 1 -24 2 -21 2 -25 -11 -11.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.841
Operating Cycle snapshot only 19.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 30.718
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.326
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 2.0% 2.7% 3.2% 2.2% 1.6% -0.5% -2.5% -3.6% -7.6% -8.2% -5.9% -2.5% 9.2% 18.0% 21.8% 24.6% 20.6% 17.7% 20.2% 24.6% 24.57%
Net Income -30.9% -48.2% -53.3% -84.0% -72.9% -87.1% -78.1% -54.2% -1.3% -3.6% -2.3% 66.1% 6.6% 4.8% 6.7% 6.3% 1.7% 8.5% -26.8% -30.1% -30.06%
EPS -29.9% -47.9% -52.7% -83.9% -72.9% -87.0% -80.6% -61.8% -1.3% -3.1% -2.2% 58.1% 6.5% 4.6% 6.5% 6.2% 1.5% 5.6% -28.0% -31.5% -31.52%
FCF 33.9% 11.2% -16.9% -16.9% -6.4% -0.3% 8.1% 9.3% -28.1% -44.8% -19.1% -6.2% 9.0% 64.2% -4.9% 0.1% 30.8% 19.1% 23.1% -0.6% -0.60%
EBITDA 1.0% 1.7% -3.0% -3.3% 2.3% -0.3% -2.3% -4.5% -24.5% -28.7% -27.6% -28.1% -9.4% 3.8% 9.9% 16.0% 34.2% 35.0% 27.3% 45.2% 45.23%
Op. Income 4.8% 0.4% -4.2% -14.0% -9.0% -8.8% -6.4% -26.2% -54.9% -87.5% -85.1% -51.0% 11.7% 5.4% 4.8% 1.6% 1.2% 24.4% -6.8% -9.5% -9.48%
OCF Growth snapshot only 10.45%
Asset Growth snapshot only 16.80%
Equity Growth snapshot only 8.22%
Debt Growth snapshot only 9.41%
Shares Change snapshot only 2.13%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 5.85%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 62.7% 29.5% 13.2% 2.7% 3.0% 1.8% 1.5% 0.4% -1.4% -2.1% -1.8% -1.3% 0.8% 2.5% 3.8% 5.4% 6.8% 8.4% 11.3% 14.8% 14.80%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — 32.2% 14.7% 5.9% 0.4% 2.0% 2.7% 3.7% 4.2% 4.8% 5.4% 6.7% 8.3% 8.31%
EPS 3Y 32.0% -4.3% -19.0% -48.5% -43.1% -58.2% -55.1% -61.8% — — — -54.1% -26.0% 0.5% 8.9% 63.4% 56.1% 1.0% 68.6% 98.6% 98.55%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — -39.3% -22.7% -10.6% -9.7% -8.6% -6.3% -11.0% -15.2% -13.7% -13.67%
Net Income 3Y 30.6% -5.0% -19.8% -49.0% -42.9% -58.2% -53.3% -59.4% — — — -50.5% -20.5% 8.5% 18.1% 77.2% 70.2% 1.2% 76.5% 1.0% 1.04%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — -36.8% -19.2% -6.1% -5.2% -4.1% -1.6% -6.4% -10.9% -9.1% -9.06%
EBITDA 3Y 49.5% 18.6% 3.8% -5.4% -2.4% -1.8% -1.8% -2.2% -8.0% -10.2% -11.8% -12.7% -11.2% -9.7% -8.0% -7.3% -2.8% -0.0% 0.4% 6.6% 6.61%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — 20.8% 3.5% -4.6% -10.3% -8.6% -6.9% -5.5% -4.8% -1.1% 0.3% -0.8% 2.3% 2.28%
Gross Profit 3Y 62.6% 29.1% 13.5% 2.0% -8.4% 1.0% -21.9% 2.9% -12.0% 2.8% 3.0% 2.8% 5.2% -9.4% 4.2% -11.7% 5.0% 32.8% 34.5% 11.1% 11.15%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — 22.9% 17.4% 8.5% 2.8% -2.0% -4.4% -2.4% -6.1% 3.6% 18.7% 9.5% 7.2% 7.18%
Op. Income 3Y 55.1% 22.3% 6.7% -4.7% -2.2% -3.0% -2.4% -12.9% -24.5% -51.5% -48.9% -32.2% -22.9% -10.1% -6.6% -2.2% 3.0% -0.3% -6.8% 4.7% 4.73%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — 8.9% -26.9% -29.9% -20.7% -14.0% -6.2% -4.2% -3.5% 0.8% -1.9% -6.2% -6.1% -6.13%
FCF 3Y 77.4% 38.9% 22.5% 12.1% 27.9% 23.8% 25.7% 7.1% -3.4% -15.1% -10.1% -5.2% -9.8% -3.3% -6.0% 0.8% 0.8% 2.6% -1.8% -2.3% -2.30%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 30.3% 8.1% 10.0% 7.6% 10.4% 11.5% 8.8% 2.9% 5.1% 3.7% -3.2% -3.3% -3.27%
OCF 3Y 66.9% 29.3% 9.2% -3.3% 1.2% -1.7% 0.7% -4.1% -9.8% -16.1% -12.7% -9.7% -10.7% -3.1% -3.3% 3.4% 3.9% 6.5% 3.2% 5.4% 5.36%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 26.2% 6.2% 2.0% -2.9% -2.9% -1.2% -1.2% -1.3% 0.4% 1.0% -3.3% -1.2% -1.21%
Assets 3Y 5.0% 4.1% 1.7% 1.3% -0.2% -1.6% 8.4% 8.8% 3.8% 1.8% 3.6% 3.7% 5.2% 3.1% 3.5% 4.8% 5.4% 7.0% 0.9% -0.1% -0.14%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — 4.7% 3.3% 3.8% 5.4% 5.2% 3.8% 2.7% 1.9% 1.6% 1.5% 4.2% 3.7% 3.65%
Equity 3Y 12.4% 5.7% 0.7% 2.0% 8.2% 2.3% 8.0% 11.0% -0.9% -10.6% -6.2% -5.4% -1.3% -5.3% -0.5% -1.4% 1.7% 3.1% -3.5% -6.1% -6.12%
Book Value 3Y 13.6% 6.5% 1.7% 3.1% 7.8% 2.1% 3.7% 4.5% -6.4% -15.6% -12.2% -12.3% -8.0% -12.3% -8.3% -9.1% -6.7% -5.6% -7.8% -8.7% -8.65%
Dividend 3Y 8.2% 7.9% 7.0% 6.5% -3.8% -3.9% -11.7% -15.4% -25.2% -35.7% -51.0% — — — — — — — — 86.1% 86.11%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.67 0.69 0.78 0.99 0.92 0.83 0.54 0.12 0.62 0.57 0.49 0.06 0.28 0.22 0.32 0.34 0.43 0.49 0.55 0.58 0.585
Earnings Stability 0.20 0.01 0.44 0.76 0.05 0.40 0.72 0.86 0.31 0.64 0.84 0.84 0.72 0.36 0.31 0.17 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.002
Margin Stability 0.82 0.99 0.82 0.98 0.81 0.98 0.69 0.97 0.86 0.93 0.80 0.94 0.76 0.83 0.74 0.77 0.83 0.64 0.79 0.77 0.773
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.88 0.81 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.88 0.880
Earnings Smoothness 0.63 0.37 0.27 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.26 — — — 0.50 — — — 0.00 0.09 0.92 0.69 0.65 0.646
ROE Trend -0.18 -0.18 -0.19 -0.26 -0.22 -0.22 -0.20 -0.14 -0.16 -0.17 -0.14 0.00 0.09 0.28 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.16 0.09 0.02 0.022
Gross Margin Trend -0.07 0.01 -0.07 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.14 0.02 -0.11 0.06 0.12 0.04 0.11 -0.14 0.05 -0.19 0.00 0.33 0.01 0.04 0.036
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 0.02 0.01 -0.01 0.00 0.00 -0.00 0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.018
Sustainable Growth Rate 0.3% -4.9% -8.2% -16.8% -14.0% -18.5% -14.4% -12.9% — — — 3.3% 12.0% 27.0% 26.7% 27.0% 28.2% 23.0% 13.9% 14.2% 14.20%
Internal Growth Rate 0.1% — — — — — — — — — — 1.1% 3.8% 8.2% 8.7% 9.4% 10.3% 7.8% 4.4% 4.7% 4.65%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 3.59 4.35 4.74 13.43 11.31 31.08 21.25 30.64 -27.69 -8.15 -13.85 16.86 5.09 3.10 2.60 2.67 2.57 3.48 4.24 4.22 4.217
FCF/OCF 0.68 0.71 0.69 0.70 0.75 0.76 0.76 0.73 0.67 0.62 0.71 0.75 0.71 0.70 0.63 0.64 0.69 0.68 0.65 0.58 0.580
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 2.446
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.899
CapEx/Revenue 3.7% 3.2% 3.0% 2.7% 2.5% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.8% 2.8% 2.6% 2.3% 2.4% 2.7% 2.9% 3.0% 2.8% 3.0% 2.7% 3.2% 3.16%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.007
Accruals Ratio -0.22 -0.21 -0.20 -0.22 -0.24 -0.26 -0.22 -0.22 -0.21 -0.20 -0.20 -0.18 -0.15 -0.16 -0.13 -0.15 -0.16 -0.20 -0.18 -0.19 -0.190
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.109
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.089
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.11%
Dividend/Share $0.41 $0.41 $0.42 $0.42 $0.37 $0.37 $0.29 $0.25 $0.15 $0.10 $0.04 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.01 $0.03 $0.04 $0.06 $0.06 $0.04
Payout Ratio 98.7% 1.3% 1.6% 4.8% 3.3% 9.0% 5.5% 7.6% — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 2.5% 6.6% 11.0% 25.2% 24.7% 24.68%
FCF Payout Ratio 40.3% 42.3% 47.9% 51.1% 38.8% 37.9% 34.4% 33.9% 26.8% 21.6% 6.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 1.4% 3.7% 4.6% 9.1% 10.1% 10.09%
Total Payout Ratio 1.2% 1.6% 1.8% 4.8% 3.3% 9.1% 5.7% 7.8% — — — 0.7% 0.0% 0.0% 2.3% 12.9% 17.6% 33.6% 53.3% 43.1% 43.12%
Div. Increase Streak 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — — — 0 0 0 0 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.82 0.79 0.77 0.59 0.58 0.45 0.51 0.39 1.11 0.91 0.79 0.79 0.72 0.75 0.66 0.66 0.66 0.59 0.61 0.63 0.633
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.53 0.43 0.39 0.18 0.22 0.11 0.15 0.15 -0.07 -0.46 -0.37 0.31 0.83 1.01 1.15 1.00 0.87 0.70 0.52 0.54 0.539
EBIT Margin 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.052
Asset Turnover 2.58 2.57 2.66 2.66 2.72 2.72 2.35 2.32 2.40 2.44 2.08 2.04 2.32 2.57 2.67 2.76 2.83 3.00 3.04 3.31 3.305
Equity Multiplier 2.75 2.59 2.70 2.50 2.61 2.65 2.95 2.66 2.93 3.19 3.34 2.97 3.25 3.58 3.32 3.16 3.03 3.19 3.34 3.19 3.193
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.42 $0.32 $0.27 $0.09 $0.11 $0.04 $0.05 $0.03 $-0.03 $-0.09 $-0.06 $0.05 $0.17 $0.33 $0.34 $0.38 $0.43 $0.34 $0.25 $0.26 $0.26
Book Value/Share $1.92 $1.93 $1.77 $1.82 $1.78 $1.65 $1.69 $1.90 $1.39 $1.17 $1.25 $1.42 $1.50 $1.30 $1.37 $1.37 $1.44 $1.39 $1.32 $1.45 $1.56
Tangible Book/Share $1.45 $1.49 $1.37 $1.45 $1.44 $1.34 $1.45 $1.70 $1.21 $1.05 $1.15 $1.33 $1.40 $1.22 $1.28 $1.28 $1.36 $1.30 $0.96 $1.09 $1.09
Revenue/Share $12.90 $12.93 $13.10 $13.13 $13.11 $12.98 $11.30 $10.55 $10.09 $9.89 $9.71 $9.79 $10.71 $11.07 $11.46 $12.06 $12.32 $12.68 $13.56 $14.71 $8.36
FCF/Share $1.03 $0.98 $0.87 $0.82 $0.96 $0.99 $0.83 $0.75 $0.58 $0.45 $0.62 $0.67 $0.61 $0.71 $0.57 $0.66 $0.76 $0.82 $0.69 $0.64 $0.22
OCF/Share $1.51 $1.39 $1.27 $1.18 $1.29 $1.29 $1.10 $1.03 $0.86 $0.73 $0.87 $0.89 $0.87 $1.01 $0.90 $1.02 $1.11 $1.19 $1.05 $1.11 $0.50
Cash/Share $0.11 $0.29 $0.20 $0.14 $0.12 $0.26 $0.27 $0.13 $0.15 $0.35 $0.48 $0.59 $0.39 $0.52 $0.40 $0.50 $0.37 $0.54 $0.40 $0.48 $0.49
EBITDA/Share $1.43 $1.41 $1.39 $1.39 $1.46 $1.42 $1.20 $1.10 $0.92 $0.84 $0.80 $0.76 $0.81 $0.83 $0.85 $0.87 $1.03 $1.09 $1.06 $1.23 $1.23
Debt/Share $1.37 $1.36 $1.35 $1.11 $1.12 $1.10 $2.46 $2.15 $2.10 $2.09 $1.99 $1.86 $1.84 $1.76 $1.58 $1.51 $1.37 $1.39 $1.60 $1.62 $1.62
Net Debt/Share $1.26 $1.07 $1.14 $0.97 $1.00 $0.84 $2.19 $2.01 $1.95 $1.74 $1.50 $1.27 $1.45 $1.24 $1.18 $1.02 $1.00 $0.85 $1.20 $1.14 $1.14
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 7 6 7 7 6 4 4 2 4 4 7 7 7 7 6 7 8 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -4.43 -2.04 -5.32 -1.08 -3.57 -4.33 -2.88 -4.34 -2.98 -4.15 -3.49 -3.75 -2.91 -4.96 -3.40 -4.59 -3.35 -3.58 -2.18 -1.98 -1.976
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.102
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 27.06%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-2.04
EVA snapshot only $152418061.38
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 77.75 77.75 77.75 79.25 77.75 77.75 72.00 71.00 51.15 43.30 56.00 57.00 57.00 60.75 62.25 59.10 67.50 67.50 62.85 68.10 68.100
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 9.000
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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