— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: NOVO-B.CO (CPH) · $vol 179M · NOV.DE (XETRA) · $vol 8M · NOVC.DE (XETRA) · $vol 5M · NONOF (OTC) · $vol 3M · NOVO.TO (TSX) · $vol 0M

NVO NYSE

Novo Nordisk A/S
1W: -3.9% 1M: -20.2% 3M: -24.3% YTD: -28.8% 1Y: -37.0% 3Y: -58.2% 5Y: -22.3%
$37.32
-0.08 (-0.21%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.0%
$34 $35 $37 $39 $41
NYSE · Healthcare · Drug Manufacturers - General · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 37 · $165.7B mcap · 3.17B float · 0.397% daily turnover · Short 48% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$40
Low
$45
Avg Target
$47
High
Based on 3 analysts since Aug 5, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 1Buy: 22Hold: 13Sell: 3Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$44.67
Analysts3
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-09-11 Morgan Stanley Thibault Boutherin $42 $40 -2 -9.1% $44.01
2026-08-12 Berenberg Bank Kerry Holford Initiated $47 — -0.4% $47.17
2026-08-06 BMO Capital Evan Seigerman $45 $47 +2 +5.6% $44.51
2026-02-05 BMO Capital — $57 $45 -12 -4.6% $47.19
2026-01-26 BMO Capital Evan Seigerman $46 $57 +11 -10.7% $63.80
2025-12-10 HSBC — $70 $54 -16 +16.5% $46.36
2025-12-03 Morgan Stanley Thibault Boutherin $47 $42 -5 -11.4% $47.43
2025-11-25 BMO Capital Evan Seigerman $55 $46 -9 +2.3% $44.97
2025-10-14 BMO Capital Evan Seigerman $156 $55 -101 -4.3% $57.50
2025-10-01 HSBC — $57 $70 +13 +18.3% $59.17
2025-09-29 Morgan Stanley — Initiated $47 — -15.5% $55.61
2025-07-31 HSBC — Initiated $57 — +16.6% $48.88
2025-07-23 Truist Financial Jailendra Singh Initiated $48 — -31.5% $70.03
2024-10-17 BMO Capital Evan Seigerman $160 $156 -4 +31.6% $118.58
2024-09-11 Cantor Fitzgerald Louise Chen Initiated $160 — +18.3% $135.23
2024-08-08 BMO Capital Evan David Seigerman $163 $160 -3 +26.8% $126.17
2024-06-10 Argus Research Jasper Hellweg Initiated $160 — +12.0% $142.88
2024-05-30 Goldman Sachs James Quigley Initiated $156 — +17.6% $132.68
2024-04-12 BMO Capital Evan David Seigerman Initiated $163 — +30.0% $125.40

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. NVO receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-05-07 B+ A-
2026-05-05 A- B+
2026-04-01 B+ A-
2026-03-18 A- B+
2026-02-26 B+ A-
2026-02-24 A- B+
2026-01-03 B+ A-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
100
Balance Sheet
68
Earnings Quality
66
Growth
53
Value
—
Momentum
73
Safety
—
Cash Flow
46

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.29
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.54
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 71.2/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.14x
Accruals: -3.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. NVO scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. NVO's score of -2.29 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. NVO's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. NVO receives an estimated rating of A (score: 71.2/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). NVO's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
9.49x
PEG
1.90x
P/S
3.35x
P/B
4.98x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$171.65
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 9.5x earnings, NVO trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $171.65 per share, suggesting a potential 360% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.783
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.937
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.482
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.612
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.766
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
59.8%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. NVO's ROE of 59.8% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.612), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$1010.65
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with NVO's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. NVO actually compounded EPS at 20.7% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. NVO trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $1010.65, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 9.5x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$37.30
Median 1Y
$37.53
5th Pctile
$21.84
95th Pctile
$64.39
Ann. Volatility
36.3%
Analyst Target
$44.67
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
69,500
-7.3% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$4,276,190
Rev: $297,195,194,000
Profit / Employee
$1,417,270
NI: $98,500,286,000
SGA / Employee
$976,547
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$720,008
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 4.7% 1.2% 5.1% 4.8% 5.2% 72.0% 5.7% 5.7% 6.5% 88.1% 1.6% 6.1% 1.4% 80.8% 88.1% 1.2% 71.5% 60.7% 71.4% 59.8% 59.82%
ROA 1.9% 43.7% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 25.5% 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% 30.1% 53.2% 1.9% 43.1% 25.9% 26.5% 41.5% 22.8% 20.3% 23.3% 21.6% 21.62%
ROIC 6.5% 59.3% 4.7% 5.5% 6.7% 70.2% 5.7% 5.9% 7.3% 79.4% 74.9% 5.8% 91.6% 46.3% 49.6% 45.4% 43.8% 33.6% 35.5% 35.2% 35.15%
ROCE 4.3% 62.4% 4.1% 4.4% 4.9% 57.7% 4.4% 4.4% 4.9% 73.3% 85.7% 4.5% 64.3% 52.8% 55.0% 55.0% 52.7% 44.5% 50.6% 44.6% 44.61%
Gross Margin 83.0% 83.7% 83.5% 85.3% 84.2% 82.8% 84.7% 85.5% 83.5% 84.8% 84.8% 84.9% 84.1% 84.8% 83.5% 83.3% 76.1% 80.9% 86.0% 78.2% 78.21%
Operating Margin 42.8% 35.6% 45.6% 44.6% 44.3% 35.5% 46.9% 44.0% 45.8% 40.6% 48.7% 38.1% 47.4% 42.9% 49.7% 43.5% 31.6% 40.1% 61.6% 34.5% 34.48%
Net Margin 34.0% 28.4% 33.8% 32.3% 31.6% 28.3% 37.1% 35.8% 38.3% 33.3% 38.9% 29.5% 38.3% 32.9% 37.2% 34.5% 26.7% 34.0% 50.2% 26.7% 26.74%
EBITDA Margin 48.8% 36.0% 50.0% 52.5% 52.2% 19.8% 51.7% 49.2% 55.8% 43.3% 56.5% 52.5% 52.4% 47.0% 59.0% 56.7% 45.0% 50.2% 71.5% 49.3% 49.28%
FCF Margin 38.3% 34.0% 40.2% 36.8% 34.8% 36.9% 36.4% 34.1% 36.8% 30.1% 20.6% 25.6% 24.9% 24.1% 24.7% 19.9% 19.9% 10.0% 10.0% 15.4% 15.39%
OCF Margin 43.2% 39.1% 45.2% 42.0% 41.1% 44.6% 45.2% 44.6% 49.6% 46.9% 38.2% 44.7% 43.7% 41.7% 43.3% 39.0% 39.2% 38.5% 36.2% 40.4% 40.38%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.25%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 3.33%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 70.65%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 31.35%
Cash ROA snapshot only 22.36%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 42.04%
CROIC snapshot only 16.02%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 33.77%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 45.15%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 17.64%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 19.51%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.487
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.354
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.978
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.895
Graham Number snapshot only $171.65
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.03 0.86 0.91 0.94 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.88 0.82 0.82 0.70 0.94 0.94 0.74 0.74 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.79 0.87 0.873
Quick Ratio 0.82 0.66 0.69 0.74 0.74 0.69 0.67 0.70 0.65 0.64 0.50 0.75 0.75 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.56 0.66 0.658
Debt/Equity 0.21 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.25 0.27 0.51 0.47 0.72 0.86 0.59 0.60 0.67 0.72 0.63 0.633
Net Debt/Equity -0.33 0.13 0.08 -0.08 -0.15 0.03 -0.03 -0.12 -0.23 -0.03 0.18 -0.05 -0.15 0.53 0.56 0.48 0.40 0.54 0.61 0.43 0.430
Debt/Assets 0.08 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.15 0.14 0.22 0.24 0.21 0.20 0.24 0.26 0.24 0.236
Debt/EBITDA 0.03 0.41 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.34 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.23 0.22 0.06 0.41 0.68 0.74 0.59 0.62 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.773
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.05 0.14 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.03 -0.00 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 0.14 -0.01 -0.13 0.51 0.48 0.48 0.42 0.64 0.67 0.52 0.525
Interest Coverage 25.86 23.66 19.67 10.50 7.93 7.59 8.60 13.73 20.67 29.72 25.27 20.10 27.29 29.40 18.41 13.79 9.67 9.62 12.56 15.87 15.866
Equity Multiplier 2.63 2.75 2.96 2.94 3.17 2.89 3.13 3.10 3.23 2.95 3.02 3.28 3.30 3.25 3.53 2.87 3.02 2.80 2.75 2.69 2.689
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.188
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 18.129
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.321
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.362
Defensive Interval snapshot only 453.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 5.47 1.29 5.75 5.62 5.66 0.81 5.71 5.60 5.75 0.84 1.46 5.48 1.23 0.74 0.77 1.17 0.69 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.612
Inventory Turnover 7.95 2.09 8.28 8.35 8.80 1.29 8.78 8.80 9.38 1.27 2.01 8.56 1.97 1.23 1.24 1.97 1.33 1.30 1.26 1.31 1.314
Receivables Turnover 31.70 6.23 30.26 31.76 31.38 3.88 29.45 27.35 31.84 4.03 7.59 28.48 7.34 4.25 4.79 7.93 4.45 4.33 4.31 4.16 4.156
Payables Turnover 19.62 4.82 23.88 15.44 21.33 2.33 24.11 13.50 17.22 1.74 5.18 11.60 3.08 1.64 2.92 3.08 2.36 2.42 0.77 0.70 0.697
DSO 12 59 12 11 12 94 12 13 11 91 48 13 50 86 76 46 82 84 85 88 87.8 days
DIO 46 175 44 44 41 282 42 41 39 287 182 43 185 298 294 185 275 281 289 278 277.7 days
DPO 19 76 15 24 17 157 15 27 21 210 70 31 118 223 125 118 155 151 471 524 523.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 39 158 41 32 36 219 39 28 29 167 159 24 117 161 245 113 203 214 -98 -158 -158.4 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.421
Operating Cycle snapshot only 365.5 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 7.324
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.806
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 5.8% 10.9% 17.5% 21.0% 24.2% 25.7% 26.3% 28.0% 28.3% 31.3% 29.7% 28.2% 26.2% 25.0% 24.1% 20.9% 16.6% 6.4% 8.1% 5.6% 5.61%
Net Income 11.2% 13.3% 15.1% 13.9% 14.4% 16.3% 23.9% 33.0% 42.6% 50.7% 46.0% 33.7% 25.8% 20.7% 17.2% 23.5% 9.6% 1.4% 16.6% 4.8% 4.84%
EPS 13.0% 15.1% 16.7% 15.4% 15.8% 17.9% 25.3% 34.5% 44.1% 52.2% 47.4% 34.8% 26.6% 21.1% 17.8% 24.1% 9.9% 1.7% 16.5% 5.1% 5.10%
FCF 12.5% 16.1% 40.3% 34.1% 12.7% 36.5% 14.4% 18.6% 35.9% 7.1% -26.6% -3.9% -14.7% 0.0% 48.6% -6.1% -6.9% -56.1% -56.1% -18.2% -18.20%
EBITDA 10.6% 10.2% 13.7% 21.4% 27.1% 16.4% 21.1% 18.6% 20.2% 52.1% 51.3% 52.9% 43.5% 30.1% 27.7% 24.9% 18.2% 8.6% 16.9% 8.4% 8.43%
Op. Income 2.5% 8.3% 18.9% 23.6% 27.0% 27.6% 28.4% 29.7% 30.2% 37.1% 35.6% 29.4% 27.4% 25.1% 23.6% 28.1% 12.1% -0.5% 9.8% -0.5% -0.49%
OCF Growth snapshot only 9.45%
Asset Growth snapshot only 23.39%
Equity Growth snapshot only 31.66%
Debt Growth snapshot only 41.16%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.25%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 2.80%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 6.9% 8.0% 9.3% 10.4% 11.9% 13.2% 14.1% 16.7% 19.0% 22.3% 24.4% 25.7% 26.2% 27.3% 26.7% 25.6% 23.6% 20.4% 20.3% 17.8% 17.84%
Revenue 5Y 3.9% 4.7% 5.7% 6.6% 8.1% 9.6% 11.3% 13.1% 14.3% 15.7% 16.4% 17.2% 17.8% 18.9% 19.1% 19.8% 19.9% 19.5% 20.9% 20.5% 20.45%
EPS 3Y 8.2% 9.3% 10.5% 12.1% 12.6% 14.3% 16.4% 19.1% 23.6% 27.3% 29.2% 27.9% 28.3% 29.5% 29.6% 31.0% 26.1% 23.3% 26.5% 20.7% 20.69%
EPS 5Y 6.3% 6.7% 6.9% 7.2% 8.3% 9.8% 11.3% 13.2% 16.2% 18.6% 20.0% 20.6% 21.1% 22.4% 22.4% 23.1% 21.3% 20.5% 24.3% 22.2% 22.24%
Net Income 3Y 6.4% 7.3% 8.8% 10.4% 10.9% 12.5% 14.8% 17.5% 21.9% 25.7% 27.7% 26.5% 27.1% 28.4% 28.5% 30.0% 25.2% 22.6% 25.9% 20.1% 20.09%
Net Income 5Y 4.3% 4.7% 5.0% 5.5% 6.5% 7.8% 9.6% 11.4% 14.4% 16.7% 18.4% 19.1% 19.6% 21.0% 21.0% 21.8% 20.1% 19.4% 23.3% 21.3% 21.29%
EBITDA 3Y 7.6% 8.1% 9.0% 11.6% 13.0% 11.8% 13.5% 15.4% 19.1% 24.9% 27.7% 30.0% 29.9% 32.0% 32.7% 31.3% 26.8% 29.0% 31.2% 27.5% 27.46%
EBITDA 5Y 6.8% 5.1% 5.4% 6.5% 8.5% 8.1% 9.9% 11.5% 13.8% 17.5% 18.9% 20.3% 20.0% 22.5% 23.0% 24.0% 23.4% 22.4% 25.4% 24.4% 24.40%
Gross Profit 3Y 6.5% 7.5% 9.0% 10.4% 12.1% 13.4% 14.4% 17.0% 19.2% 22.8% 25.1% 26.5% 27.1% 28.0% 27.2% 25.7% 22.5% 19.0% 19.2% 16.1% 16.09%
Gross Profit 5Y 3.4% 4.4% 5.3% 6.4% 8.1% 9.6% 11.4% 13.2% 14.3% 15.8% 16.6% 17.3% 18.0% 19.3% 19.3% 19.8% 19.4% 18.7% 20.5% 19.8% 19.77%
Op. Income 3Y 6.5% 7.5% 8.6% 9.7% 11.6% 12.5% 13.9% 16.2% 19.2% 23.7% 27.5% 27.5% 28.2% 29.8% 29.1% 29.1% 23.0% 19.5% 22.6% 18.1% 18.15%
Op. Income 5Y 3.0% 3.9% 4.8% 5.6% 7.3% 8.8% 11.0% 13.0% 14.8% 16.8% 17.4% 17.3% 18.2% 19.6% 19.9% 21.1% 19.3% 18.7% 23.0% 21.5% 21.46%
FCF 3Y 17.8% 14.1% 23.0% 22.9% 16.5% 21.3% 21.7% 12.2% 19.9% 19.3% 5.6% 15.2% 9.3% 13.5% 7.6% 2.3% 2.6% -22.2% -21.8% -9.6% -9.63%
FCF 5Y 6.0% 3.6% 6.3% 7.8% 8.8% 15.0% 18.8% 15.3% 20.1% 16.8% 9.3% 16.1% 12.9% 13.9% 14.5% 5.0% 6.5% -5.7% -5.1% 3.3% 3.25%
OCF 3Y 10.4% 7.2% 14.6% 14.5% 11.9% 19.0% 22.0% 16.9% 23.2% 28.0% 20.6% 28.6% 26.7% 30.0% 24.9% 22.5% 21.6% 14.7% 11.7% 14.0% 14.02%
OCF 5Y 4.2% 2.6% 4.9% 6.3% 8.2% 13.9% 17.0% 15.0% 19.7% 19.5% 15.9% 21.3% 19.2% 20.9% 22.8% 16.7% 16.8% 18.0% 17.4% 19.7% 19.67%
Assets 3Y -35.7% 20.6% -35.5% -36.1% -36.5% 1.3% 25.2% 26.1% 24.6% 1.4% 1.4% 28.2% 1.4% 33.8% 1.6% 1.5% 1.5% 31.0% 1.5% 1.4% 1.44%
Assets 5Y -20.8% 14.8% -20.7% -20.6% -20.0% 18.7% -17.2% -16.8% -16.0% 23.2% 22.1% -14.8% 26.0% 89.9% 92.4% 88.0% 87.6% 86.9% 90.4% 88.2% 88.18%
Equity 3Y -39.9% 10.9% -40.5% -41.8% -42.4% 1.1% 13.4% 13.6% 12.1% 1.2% 1.2% 15.6% 1.3% 26.6% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 32.5% 1.6% 1.6% 1.56%
Book Value 3Y -38.9% 13.0% -39.6% -40.9% -41.6% 1.2% 15.0% 15.1% 13.5% 1.2% 1.2% 16.9% 1.3% 27.8% 1.4% 1.5% 1.6% 33.2% 1.6% 1.6% 1.57%
Dividend 3Y 4.0% 4.1% 5.6% 5.6% 7.2% 7.2% 7.1% 7.1% 9.3% 9.3% 15.9% 15.8% 12.7% 12.6% 7.5% 7.3% 6.2% 6.0% 1.1% 1.3% 1.35%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.83 0.82 0.77 0.75 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.983
Earnings Stability 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.76 0.81 0.83 0.80 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.80 0.86 0.88 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.94 0.97 0.97 0.971
Margin Stability 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.98 0.981
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.96 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.90 0.87 0.83 0.50 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.96 0.99 0.93 0.98 0.981
Earnings Smoothness 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.85 0.79 0.72 0.65 0.60 0.63 0.71 0.77 0.81 0.84 0.79 0.91 0.99 0.85 0.95 0.953
ROE Trend 1.90 -3.60 0.11 0.42 0.77 -1.70 0.45 0.54 0.85 0.12 -4.20 0.61 -4.68 -0.02 -2.32 -4.65 -2.63 -0.22 -0.23 -2.58 -2.584
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.036
FCF Margin Trend 0.05 0.03 0.08 0.01 -0.02 0.04 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.05 -0.18 -0.10 -0.11 -0.09 -0.04 -0.10 -0.11 -0.17 -0.13 -0.07 -0.073
Sustainable Growth Rate 2.5% 64.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.7% 39.2% 3.1% 3.3% 3.7% 54.6% 85.5% 3.3% 75.6% 45.5% 45.3% 65.6% 35.8% 30.0% 41.1% 33.1% 33.12%
Internal Growth Rate -322.6% 31.6% 90.4% 23.0% 13.5% 16.1% -163.8% -11.8% -7.0% 23.0% 39.3% -59.9% 29.9% 17.1% 15.8% 29.1% 12.9% 11.2% 15.5% 13.6% 13.60%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.26 1.15 1.36 1.31 1.30 1.42 1.39 1.33 1.41 1.30 1.05 1.28 1.25 1.20 1.25 1.09 1.19 1.16 0.97 1.14 1.142
FCF/OCF 0.89 0.87 0.89 0.88 0.85 0.83 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.64 0.54 0.57 0.57 0.58 0.57 0.51 0.51 0.26 0.28 0.38 0.381
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.435
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.733
CapEx/Revenue 4.9% 5.1% 5.0% 5.1% 6.4% 7.7% 8.8% 10.4% 12.8% 16.7% 17.6% 19.1% 18.8% 17.5% 18.6% 19.1% 19.3% 28.6% 26.2% 25.0% 24.98%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 3.636
Accruals Ratio -0.49 -0.07 -0.69 -0.55 -0.54 -0.11 -0.73 -0.63 -0.83 -0.09 -0.02 -0.54 -0.11 -0.05 -0.07 -0.04 -0.04 -0.03 0.01 -0.03 -0.031
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.015
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.991
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.70%
Dividend/Share $4.68 $4.69 $5.19 $5.21 $5.58 $5.59 $6.19 $6.21 $7.08 $7.09 $9.39 $9.40 $9.90 $9.90 $11.44 $11.40 $11.64 $11.64 $11.64 $11.72 $11.70
Payout Ratio 46.6% 45.1% 48.1% 46.9% 47.9% 45.6% 45.7% 41.6% 42.2% 38.0% 47.0% 46.7% 46.6% 43.7% 48.6% 45.6% 49.9% 50.5% 42.5% 44.6% 44.64%
FCF Payout Ratio 41.7% 44.9% 39.6% 40.9% 43.5% 38.7% 40.8% 40.7% 40.2% 45.4% 83.5% 63.6% 65.5% 63.0% 68.0% 81.8% 82.5% 1.7% 1.6% 1.0% 1.03%
Total Payout Ratio 84.7% 85.8% 90.5% 92.4% 93.4% 88.9% 86.3% 80.5% 79.0% 73.7% 77.9% 75.8% 70.3% 63.7% 66.5% 55.8% 58.5% 52.0% 44.5% 49.7% 49.74%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 0.81 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.783
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.94 0.90 0.99 1.00 1.04 1.05 0.99 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.90 0.90 0.92 0.94 0.937
EBIT Margin 0.43 0.42 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.39 0.40 0.40 0.41 0.46 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.46 0.48 0.46 0.47 0.52 0.48 0.482
Asset Turnover 5.47 1.29 5.75 5.62 5.66 0.81 5.71 5.60 5.75 0.84 1.46 5.48 1.23 0.74 0.77 1.17 0.69 0.61 0.63 0.61 0.612
Equity Multiplier 2.50 2.69 2.70 2.68 2.90 2.83 3.05 3.03 3.20 2.92 3.03 3.20 3.29 3.12 3.32 2.91 3.13 2.99 3.07 2.77 2.766
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $10.05 $10.41 $10.81 $11.10 $11.64 $12.28 $13.54 $14.93 $16.78 $18.69 $19.97 $20.13 $21.24 $22.64 $23.53 $24.98 $23.34 $23.03 $27.41 $26.25 $26.25
Book Value/Share $2.24 $15.43 $2.18 $2.30 $2.23 $18.46 $2.58 $2.94 $2.94 $23.80 $22.13 $3.62 $27.02 $32.17 $31.16 $37.79 $38.21 $43.63 $45.65 $49.88 $49.97
Tangible Book/Share $1.55 $6.01 $0.76 $0.92 $0.86 $7.09 $0.95 $1.29 $1.18 $10.31 $8.78 $1.84 $14.80 $7.26 $6.56 $13.54 $14.24 $14.39 $16.44 $22.37 $22.37
Revenue/Share $29.30 $30.70 $32.63 $34.54 $36.85 $39.12 $41.72 $44.71 $47.78 $51.87 $54.63 $57.78 $60.66 $65.11 $68.18 $70.15 $70.97 $69.49 $73.68 $74.27 $74.40
FCF/Share $11.23 $10.44 $13.12 $12.73 $12.81 $14.45 $15.19 $15.26 $17.61 $15.64 $11.25 $14.79 $15.11 $15.70 $16.81 $13.94 $14.11 $6.92 $7.38 $11.43 $11.05
OCF/Share $12.66 $11.99 $14.74 $14.51 $15.16 $17.44 $18.86 $19.93 $23.72 $24.32 $20.89 $25.83 $26.50 $27.12 $29.52 $27.33 $27.84 $26.78 $26.66 $29.99 $30.04
Cash/Share $1.20 $3.81 $0.66 $0.96 $1.09 $5.21 $0.90 $1.18 $1.51 $6.75 $2.08 $2.02 $16.79 $5.90 $9.34 $4.26 $7.33 $6.06 $4.86 $10.14 $10.16
EBITDA/Share $13.75 $14.24 $14.93 $16.23 $17.70 $16.80 $18.29 $19.45 $21.51 $25.81 $27.94 $29.99 $31.05 $33.70 $35.86 $37.62 $36.81 $36.68 $41.88 $40.89 $40.89
Debt/Share $0.47 $5.81 $0.83 $0.79 $0.75 $5.70 $0.82 $0.84 $0.84 $6.03 $6.02 $1.84 $12.77 $23.04 $26.70 $22.32 $22.76 $29.44 $32.90 $31.59 $31.59
Net Debt/Share $-0.73 $2.00 $0.17 $-0.17 $-0.33 $0.49 $-0.07 $-0.35 $-0.67 $-0.72 $3.94 $-0.18 $-4.02 $17.15 $17.36 $18.07 $15.43 $23.38 $28.04 $21.45 $21.45
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 4 5 7 7 7 8 8 8 7 8 6 7 6 6 5 4 5 5 6 5 5
Beneish M-Score -4.11 4.87 -4.89 -4.30 -4.30 -2.65 -5.26 -4.51 -5.57 -2.50 4.23 -4.60 3.58 -2.32 -2.39 4.35 -2.13 -2.67 -2.21 -2.29 -2.289
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.535
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 78.84%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-37.19
EVA snapshot only $79593512314.03
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 76.42 75.30 75.76 73.24 71.86 70.49 72.12 73.97 77.32 77.11 78.05 77.47 76.94 76.97 75.29 74.00 71.15 56.14 60.45 71.22 71.218
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only -2.777
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 54
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 71

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