— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: KER.PA (PAR) · $vol 76M · PPRUY (OTC) · $vol 10M · PPX.DE (XETRA) · $vol 0M

PPRUF OTC

Kering S.A.
1W: -8.1% 1M: -19.0% 3M: -16.1% YTD: -32.3% 1Y: -28.2% 3Y: -42.5% 5Y: -64.3%
$238.99
-20.91 (-8.05%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±6.0%
$210 $225 $239 $253 $268
OTC · Consumer Cyclical · Luxury Goods · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 43 · $29.3B mcap · 70M float · 0.0005% daily turnover · Short 51% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 2Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. PPRUF receives an overall rating of C. Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-03 C- C
2026-07-29 C C-
2026-07-02 C+ C
2026-06-23 None ADDED
2026-06-23 EXISTED None
2026-06-01 None ADDED
2026-06-01 EXISTED None
2026-05-27 None ADDED
2026-05-27 EXISTED None
2026-05-18 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
34
Balance Sheet
73
Earnings Quality
64
Growth
2
Value
—
Momentum
41
Safety
—
Cash Flow
54

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-3.55
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.91
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 68.0/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 13.82x
Accruals: -16.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. PPRUF scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. PPRUF's score of -3.55 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. PPRUF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. PPRUF receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 68.0/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). PPRUF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-121.56x
PEG
0.94x
P/S
1.80x
P/B
1.78x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$105.52
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. PPRUF currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $105.52 per share, 126% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.409
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.425
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.099
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.734
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.790
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
3.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. PPRUF's ROE of 3.5% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.734), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.41 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$35.71
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with PPRUF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. PPRUF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $35.71, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of -121.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$238.99
Median 1Y
$183.04
5th Pctile
$71.50
95th Pctile
$472.46
Ann. Volatility
60.9%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 13.5% 16.2% 21.8% 32.1% 40.5% 40.0% 42.7% 39.6% 39.4% 47.4% 45.1% 60.0% 52.6% 52.4% 46.2% 38.7% 28.5% 19.1% 8.1% 3.5% 3.51%
ROA 6.2% 7.4% 10.1% 14.7% 18.9% 16.3% 18.0% 16.0% 17.3% 18.8% 18.3% 23.3% 21.9% 22.2% 18.2% 14.6% 10.7% 7.2% 2.9% 1.3% 1.26%
ROIC 16.3% 18.2% 23.3% 35.0% 43.4% 31.3% 31.0% 25.6% 26.9% 32.9% 33.4% 38.4% 36.4% 35.1% 25.9% 21.3% 16.0% 12.4% 8.5% 6.4% 6.40%
ROCE 18.4% 19.7% 23.1% 38.1% 44.4% 44.4% 45.9% 40.4% 37.2% 35.9% 36.6% 41.8% 40.5% 39.3% 30.4% 25.9% 21.5% 16.3% 11.0% 9.1% 9.07%
Gross Margin 62.6% 72.4% 73.9% 74.3% 75.0% 74.0% 74.3% 72.6% 72.6% 73.8% 74.2% 74.3% 75.0% 76.3% 76.3% 74.4% 73.1% 73.0% 72.2% 71.6% 71.61%
Operating Margin 16.1% 22.8% 26.7% 27.5% 30.0% 29.5% 30.6% 17.7% 28.3% 27.8% 29.0% 28.4% 26.6% 27.0% 20.2% 17.5% 8.9% 13.2% 8.9% 12.8% 12.76%
Net Margin 5.4% 14.8% 16.1% 18.8% 19.5% 7.7% 18.7% 5.1% 24.3% 18.4% 17.7% 20.0% 15.6% 17.6% 12.7% 9.7% 3.1% 6.2% -5.7% 2.6% 2.62%
EBITDA Margin 20.0% 27.0% 32.2% 31.4% 33.5% 36.8% 39.0% 31.1% 37.5% 36.7% 36.7% 36.4% 31.9% 35.0% 31.3% 22.9% 31.8% 18.8% 23.9% 26.8% 26.80%
FCF Margin 7.2% 10.6% 15.4% 17.8% 20.2% 20.5% 13.4% 11.9% 11.9% 14.7% 19.7% 21.4% 19.0% 13.8% 12.7% 10.7% 8.9% 11.0% 10.5% 13.2% 13.18%
OCF Margin 12.6% 15.8% 20.6% 23.2% 26.1% 26.4% 19.4% 18.3% 17.2% 19.7% 23.7% 24.9% 22.9% 21.3% 20.8% 21.7% 24.5% 23.5% 23.5% 23.7% 23.72%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 30.88%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 33.19%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.84%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.27%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 4.81%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.93%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 29.86%
CROIC snapshot only 16.60%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.08%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 4.19%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 19.40%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -121.561
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.802
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.781
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.942
Graham Number snapshot only $105.52
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.15 1.32 1.27 1.11 1.10 0.85 0.93 1.06 1.34 1.47 1.30 1.42 1.37 1.46 1.38 1.38 1.21 1.32 1.99 2.05 2.047
Quick Ratio 0.65 0.73 0.80 0.73 0.73 0.54 0.56 0.65 0.92 1.03 0.92 0.98 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.87 0.80 0.87 1.53 1.57 1.566
Debt/Equity 0.48 0.50 0.43 0.51 0.40 0.91 0.92 1.07 0.78 0.76 0.72 0.84 0.80 0.79 1.13 1.30 1.35 1.35 1.26 1.24 1.237
Net Debt/Equity 0.38 0.39 0.24 0.30 0.17 0.64 0.69 0.79 0.49 0.38 0.33 0.41 0.49 0.56 0.87 1.04 1.11 1.06 0.96 0.65 0.651
Debt/Assets 0.22 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.18 0.32 0.35 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.41 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.450
Debt/EBITDA 1.21 1.13 0.93 0.72 0.51 0.93 0.90 1.06 0.87 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.83 0.82 1.28 1.63 1.80 2.20 2.38 2.34 2.337
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.95 0.87 0.52 0.42 0.22 0.65 0.68 0.78 0.55 0.44 0.39 0.43 0.51 0.58 0.98 1.30 1.48 1.73 1.82 1.23 1.230
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — 94.43 43.44 20.49 8.15 19.19 10.66 6.14 9.35 9.349
Equity Multiplier 2.14 2.16 2.14 2.20 2.16 2.81 2.64 2.72 2.37 2.31 2.33 2.46 2.42 2.40 2.72 2.83 2.91 2.87 2.80 2.75 2.750
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.204
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 24.104
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.474
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.222
Defensive Interval snapshot only 192.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.01 0.97 0.94 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.20 1.17 1.07 1.06 1.17 1.23 1.25 1.10 1.04 0.95 0.88 0.77 0.73 0.734
Inventory Turnover 3.90 3.22 3.07 3.07 2.63 2.54 2.68 2.80 2.93 2.71 2.58 2.58 2.66 2.64 2.47 2.27 2.16 2.08 2.07 2.14 2.139
Receivables Turnover 21.53 19.49 18.53 23.94 23.93 23.97 25.01 34.44 32.94 31.69 31.17 38.06 36.35 38.14 37.76 34.95 33.68 31.75 32.50 29.60 29.603
Payables Turnover 8.75 7.24 6.87 7.67 6.90 6.74 7.39 10.85 6.89 6.37 6.40 6.24 5.19 5.03 4.97 4.26 4.20 4.07 4.16 4.10 4.096
DSO 17 19 20 15 15 15 15 11 11 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12.3 days
DIO 94 113 119 119 139 143 136 130 125 135 141 142 137 138 148 161 169 176 176 171 170.6 days
DPO 42 50 53 48 53 54 49 34 53 57 57 59 70 73 73 86 87 90 88 89 89.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 69 82 86 87 101 105 102 107 83 89 96 93 77 76 84 86 93 97 100 94 93.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.388
Operating Cycle snapshot only 182.9 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.550
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.323
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 21.7% 14.6% 7.3% 5.9% 2.1% 14.9% 27.4% 19.0% 18.4% 8.7% 4.0% 23.9% 31.1% 36.4% 29.8% 10.5% -3.3% -14.6% -20.2% -22.9% -22.94%
Net Income -21.3% 2.3% 50.2% 1.1% 1.9% 1.3% 90.2% 17.4% -0.3% 25.0% 12.1% 84.8% 58.6% 37.3% 23.9% -22.1% -39.4% -60.5% -81.7% -90.6% -90.60%
EPS -21.3% 2.2% 50.2% 1.1% 1.9% 1.3% 91.1% 18.3% 0.5% 26.0% 13.0% 86.8% 61.4% 40.0% 25.8% -21.4% -39.3% -60.6% -81.8% -90.6% -90.61%
FCF 1.1% 2.9% 3.3% 4.9% 1.9% 1.2% 10.6% -20.6% -30.4% -22.4% 53.1% 1.2% 1.1% 28.4% -16.3% -44.6% -54.8% -32.0% -33.9% -5.4% -5.37%
EBITDA 9.3% 27.7% 35.3% 58.4% 71.5% 81.5% 87.9% 53.8% 38.2% 17.9% 5.5% 28.3% 26.6% 30.5% 21.7% -8.4% -16.7% -35.5% -42.1% -35.7% -35.68%
Op. Income 3.4% 17.1% 38.2% 67.6% 87.8% 97.3% 90.6% 42.7% 19.3% 2.2% -6.5% 26.8% 34.0% 40.6% 25.5% -10.2% -34.4% -53.0% -61.5% -63.5% -63.52%
OCF Growth snapshot only -15.64%
Asset Growth snapshot only -5.67%
Equity Growth snapshot only -2.96%
Debt Growth snapshot only -7.66%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.13%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -64.30%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -8.3% -6.7% -4.7% -0.3% 3.7% 9.6% 15.1% 13.5% 13.7% 12.7% 12.5% 16.0% 16.6% 19.4% 19.8% 17.7% 14.5% 8.1% 2.5% 1.8% 1.80%
Revenue 5Y -7.7% -8.5% -9.2% -9.2% -9.3% -6.7% -4.3% -3.4% -1.4% 0.3% 2.8% 7.9% 11.6% 14.3% 15.5% 14.9% 13.3% 10.8% 8.1% 5.9% 5.87%
EPS 3Y -8.1% -2.4% 8.6% 23.4% 28.3% 25.4% 35.4% 20.4% 31.9% 43.8% 48.0% 65.6% 67.6% 59.7% 39.6% 20.2% -0.5% -11.4% -36.3% -48.3% -48.34%
EPS 5Y 3.2% 5.3% 9.7% 13.5% 18.4% 17.5% 20.7% 15.3% 17.8% 22.0% 22.6% 32.9% 27.9% 28.3% 28.7% 20.7% 17.6% 10.4% -5.8% -19.6% -19.64%
Net Income 3Y -8.2% -2.4% 8.6% 23.3% 28.3% 25.3% 35.2% 20.0% 31.5% 43.3% 47.4% 64.6% 66.2% 58.1% 38.2% 19.1% -1.4% -12.1% -36.7% -48.7% -48.65%
Net Income 5Y 3.9% 4.9% 9.2% 13.5% 18.4% 17.4% 20.5% 15.0% 17.4% 21.7% 22.2% 32.4% 27.3% 27.6% 28.0% 20.0% 17.0% 9.8% -6.2% -20.1% -20.06%
EBITDA 3Y 15.6% 17.0% 18.3% 23.2% 26.2% 32.2% 35.7% 34.3% 37.4% 39.8% 38.9% 46.2% 44.2% 40.8% 34.1% 21.8% 13.4% -0.2% -9.4% -8.9% -8.91%
EBITDA 5Y 7.6% 7.7% 7.8% 11.0% 14.0% 21.1% 28.2% 27.9% 29.7% 28.0% 26.8% 29.8% 28.6% 28.9% 26.3% 23.3% 22.3% 18.1% 13.6% 13.0% 12.98%
Gross Profit 3Y -0.8% 1.6% 4.8% 9.7% 14.1% 18.8% 22.3% 20.2% 19.9% 19.0% 19.1% 23.1% 23.9% 25.7% 24.2% 20.4% 15.1% 8.2% 2.0% 1.1% 1.08%
Gross Profit 5Y -0.9% -1.2% -1.2% -0.3% 0.6% 3.3% 5.8% 5.8% 7.0% 8.4% 10.6% 15.3% 18.3% 20.2% 20.2% 19.4% 17.5% 14.7% 11.8% 9.3% 9.30%
Op. Income 3Y 17.6% 15.7% 16.7% 22.5% 26.1% 31.7% 35.4% 30.7% 32.3% 33.1% 35.0% 44.7% 44.3% 41.5% 30.8% 17.5% 1.6% -12.3% -23.3% -25.4% -25.40%
Op. Income 5Y 8.5% 7.7% 8.3% 12.2% 16.0% 23.6% 31.8% 29.3% 29.5% 25.6% 23.1% 27.2% 26.2% 26.9% 23.8% 20.5% 15.3% 9.3% 3.6% -0.1% -0.14%
FCF 3Y -6.4% 7.2% 22.4% 41.7% 39.1% 51.9% 38.2% 22.0% 60.0% 89.2% 93.3% 1.2% 60.8% 30.2% 12.3% -0.5% -13.0% -12.2% -5.4% 5.4% 5.44%
FCF 5Y -2.0% 3.3% 8.8% 13.0% 16.7% 20.9% 14.4% 10.4% 10.3% 16.2% 25.4% 38.2% 31.4% 28.4% 27.6% 17.6% 31.1% 42.6% 31.9% 40.7% 40.75%
OCF 3Y 2.6% 11.1% 22.3% 37.4% 34.8% 43.9% 29.9% 19.7% 34.0% 43.6% 52.4% 65.2% 42.3% 32.1% 20.1% 15.0% 12.1% 4.1% 9.3% 10.9% 10.94%
OCF 5Y 2.1% 4.1% 7.4% 10.3% 12.9% 17.3% 14.2% 12.7% 12.2% 16.5% 22.8% 32.6% 27.2% 29.0% 26.0% 22.7% 34.2% 32.7% 29.4% 29.6% 29.59%
Assets 3Y -0.8% 1.4% 0.8% -7.3% -5.4% 6.2% 6.0% 7.1% 6.4% 6.4% 9.2% 11.4% 12.0% 12.5% 17.4% 27.6% 26.6% 17.6% 14.9% 13.5% 13.48%
Assets 5Y 1.5% -0.6% -1.9% -6.0% -4.6% -0.7% 2.1% 1.5% 2.5% 4.2% 4.5% 5.4% 6.1% 10.0% 12.6% 13.7% 13.3% 12.1% 11.5% 10.6% 10.63%
Equity 3Y 2.1% 3.0% 3.0% -5.7% -4.6% -5.1% -1.0% -1.4% 3.6% 5.0% 6.8% 7.0% 7.5% 8.6% 8.4% 17.4% 14.6% 16.8% 12.7% 13.1% 13.07%
Book Value 3Y 2.3% 3.0% 3.1% -5.7% -4.6% -5.1% -0.8% -1.0% 3.8% 5.3% 7.3% 7.6% 8.4% 9.7% 9.4% 18.4% 15.6% 17.8% 13.4% 13.8% 13.75%
Dividend 3Y 2.4% 3.5% 3.6% 9.9% 9.9% 24.2% 24.3% 20.6% 20.4% -1.0% -0.9% 2.9% 3.1% 18.1% 18.0% 12.4% 12.4% -7.7% -7.8% -28.6% -28.60%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.73 0.74 0.69 0.59 0.48 0.31 0.15 0.11 0.02 0.02 0.26 0.60 0.74 0.83 0.91 0.96 0.91 0.78 0.63 0.48 0.485
Earnings Stability 0.07 0.17 0.41 0.38 0.32 0.38 0.52 0.63 0.57 0.66 0.77 0.75 0.78 0.85 0.92 0.75 0.56 0.32 0.07 0.01 0.011
Margin Stability 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.89 0.92 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.92 0.922
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.91 0.99 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.93 1.00 0.90 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.90 0.91 0.84 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.76 0.98 0.60 0.31 0.03 0.21 0.38 0.84 1.00 0.78 0.89 0.40 0.55 0.69 0.79 0.75 0.51 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend -0.05 -0.02 0.04 0.17 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.13 0.08 0.11 0.06 0.16 0.09 0.06 0.00 -0.08 -0.15 -0.26 -0.33 -0.41 -0.410
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.022
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.14 0.14 0.04 0.01 -0.02 -0.01 0.05 0.07 0.03 -0.04 -0.04 -0.06 -0.07 -0.03 -0.06 -0.03 -0.029
Sustainable Growth Rate 4.3% 6.4% 12.3% 18.8% 27.9% 19.9% 24.0% 15.5% 18.0% 29.1% 28.2% 38.8% 33.4% 28.8% 23.8% 14.5% 4.8% 2.4% -8.3% -4.8% -4.83%
Internal Growth Rate 2.0% 3.0% 6.1% 9.4% 14.9% 8.8% 11.3% 6.7% 8.6% 13.0% 12.9% 17.8% 16.2% 13.9% 10.4% 5.8% 1.8% 0.9% — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 2.04 2.07 1.92 1.71 1.49 1.73 1.21 1.37 1.16 1.12 1.37 1.25 1.28 1.20 1.26 1.54 2.19 2.87 6.21 13.82 13.818
FCF/OCF 0.57 0.67 0.75 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.69 0.65 0.69 0.74 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.65 0.61 0.50 0.36 0.47 0.45 0.56 0.556
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 7.681
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.932
CapEx/Revenue 5.4% 5.1% 5.2% 5.4% 5.9% 5.9% 6.0% 6.5% 5.3% 5.1% 4.1% 3.5% 3.9% 7.5% 7.8% 10.6% 15.3% 12.1% 13.0% 10.5% 10.53%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.676
Accruals Ratio -0.06 -0.08 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 -0.12 -0.04 -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 -0.07 -0.06 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.08 -0.13 -0.14 -0.15 -0.16 -0.161
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.013
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.623
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.90%
Dividend/Share $8.01 $8.61 $8.62 $10.63 $10.63 $16.52 $16.57 $18.56 $18.56 $16.01 $16.06 $20.07 $20.20 $26.11 $26.09 $27.95 $27.96 $19.99 $19.95 $9.98 $4.00
Payout Ratio 68.2% 60.5% 43.5% 41.3% 31.2% 50.3% 43.7% 60.9% 54.2% 38.7% 37.5% 35.2% 36.5% 45.0% 48.4% 62.5% 83.3% 87.4% 2.0% 2.4% 2.38%
FCF Payout Ratio 58.2% 43.4% 30.4% 31.4% 27.0% 37.4% 52.6% 68.6% 67.3% 46.4% 33.0% 32.9% 34.4% 57.8% 63.2% 81.9% 1.1% 65.3% 73.3% 30.9% 30.92%
Total Payout Ratio 68.6% 60.7% 43.5% 41.3% 35.1% 58.0% 55.8% 75.9% 64.9% 46.8% 48.6% 52.8% 59.6% 65.6% 64.2% 69.6% 83.6% 87.6% 2.0% 2.4% 2.38%
Div. Increase Streak 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.68 0.69 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.60 0.61 0.57 0.59 0.71 0.72 0.73 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.71 0.70 0.68 0.56 0.41 0.409
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.62 0.66 0.76 0.81 0.88 0.89 0.90 0.85 0.91 0.92 0.91 0.96 0.92 0.92 0.92 0.89 0.81 0.74 0.59 0.42 0.425
EBIT Margin 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.23 0.27 0.29 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.22 0.20 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.099
Asset Turnover 1.01 0.97 0.94 1.08 1.08 1.07 1.12 1.20 1.17 1.07 1.06 1.17 1.23 1.25 1.10 1.04 0.95 0.88 0.77 0.73 0.734
Equity Multiplier 2.16 2.19 2.16 2.19 2.15 2.45 2.37 2.47 2.27 2.52 2.46 2.57 2.40 2.36 2.54 2.66 2.67 2.64 2.76 2.79 2.790
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $11.74 $14.24 $19.82 $25.76 $34.07 $32.86 $37.87 $30.48 $34.24 $41.41 $42.81 $56.95 $55.26 $58.00 $53.87 $44.75 $33.57 $22.86 $9.80 $4.20 $4.20
Book Value/Share $89.43 $90.32 $94.83 $73.20 $78.64 $73.73 $81.97 $80.02 $94.56 $100.31 $107.29 $108.97 $113.93 $119.10 $124.22 $121.52 $121.55 $120.38 $119.62 $117.77 $125.28
Tangible Book/Share $-28.06 $-26.77 $-20.89 $-4.20 $0.90 $-3.20 $3.92 $3.37 $18.13 $24.43 $26.67 $28.56 $20.06 $24.07 $-1.68 $-3.05 $-5.38 $-5.13 $25.04 $23.98 $23.98
Revenue/Share $190.20 $186.63 $184.13 $190.08 $194.35 $214.99 $235.64 $227.94 $231.85 $235.53 $247.14 $285.46 $309.25 $327.62 $325.96 $318.08 $299.79 $278.86 $259.21 $244.80 $116.69
FCF/Share $13.76 $19.85 $28.35 $33.80 $39.30 $44.11 $31.51 $27.04 $27.57 $34.51 $48.61 $61.07 $58.70 $45.18 $41.31 $34.14 $26.57 $30.62 $27.21 $32.27 $21.03
OCF/Share $23.94 $29.42 $38.00 $44.15 $50.67 $56.75 $45.73 $41.76 $39.79 $46.44 $58.68 $71.14 $70.71 $69.88 $67.71 $68.91 $73.43 $65.56 $60.88 $58.06 $27.70
Cash/Share $9.37 $10.09 $18.19 $15.69 $18.08 $19.95 $18.54 $22.41 $27.54 $38.36 $42.19 $46.83 $35.29 $27.20 $32.03 $32.08 $29.03 $34.56 $35.91 $68.96 $69.16
EBITDA/Share $35.48 $39.81 $44.23 $52.27 $60.87 $72.39 $83.50 $80.98 $84.77 $86.06 $88.78 $105.03 $109.16 $114.53 $109.79 $97.01 $91.10 $73.73 $63.34 $62.31 $62.31
Debt/Share $43.01 $44.88 $41.15 $37.47 $31.18 $67.24 $75.10 $85.48 $74.11 $76.05 $77.10 $91.90 $91.09 $93.50 $140.09 $157.90 $164.26 $162.09 $151.01 $145.63 $145.63
Net Debt/Share $33.64 $34.79 $22.96 $21.78 $13.10 $47.29 $56.56 $63.07 $46.57 $37.70 $34.91 $45.07 $55.80 $66.30 $108.07 $125.82 $135.23 $127.53 $115.09 $76.66 $76.66
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 8 9 8 8 7 7 6 6 7 7 9 9 8 8 5 4 3 4 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.83 -2.76 -3.07 -3.09 -3.28 -3.87 -2.63 -3.29 -2.83 -2.57 -2.80 -2.22 -2.50 -2.37 -2.42 -2.47 -2.77 -2.98 -3.40 -3.55 -3.553
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.911
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 18.28%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-81.66
EVA snapshot only $-860056630.19
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 74.00 74.60 79.25 77.75 79.25 77.75 74.60 72.50 74.00 74.60 77.75 77.75 80.25 77.10 71.85 66.85 67.00 65.45 63.90 68.05 68.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 1.200
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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