— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: RPNMF (OTC) · $vol 0M

RAP1V.HE HEL

Rapala VMC Corporation
1W: +0.0% 1M: +5.6% 3M: +39.3% YTD: +37.1% 1Y: +32.8% 3Y: -44.8% 5Y: -82.8%
€1.70 ($1.91)
+0.00 (+0.30%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±2.4%
€2 €2 €2 €2 €2
HEL · Consumer Cyclical · Leisure · Tech Score Buy · Power 63 · €64.6M mcap · 16M float · 0.195% daily turnover

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
1
ROE
2
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. RAP1V.HE receives an overall rating of B-. Strongest factors: ROA (4/5), P/B (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (1/5), ROE (2/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 C+ B-
2026-08-21 C C+
2026-08-14 B- C
2026-04-07 None ADDED
2026-04-07 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 45 Grade D
Profitability
21
Balance Sheet
56
Earnings Quality
52
Growth
67
Value
42
Momentum
64
Safety
65
Cash Flow
45
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. RAP1V.HE scores highest in Growth (67/100) and lowest in Profitability (21/100). A grade of D flags significant fundamental concerns across multiple dimensions.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
2.96
Grey Zone
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.53
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.62
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB
Score: 56.3/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -48.00x
Accruals: -11.4%
The Altman Z-Score (1968) combines five ratios — working capital, retained earnings, EBIT, market value of equity, and sales, all relative to total assets or liabilities — into a single bankruptcy predictor. RAP1V.HE scores 2.96, placing it in the Grey Zone (safe > 2.99, distress < 1.81). Financial distress is possible and warrants monitoring. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. RAP1V.HE scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. RAP1V.HE's score of -2.53 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. RAP1V.HE's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. RAP1V.HE receives an estimated rating of BBB (score: 56.3/100), with a deteriorating trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-28.25x
PEG
0.01x
P/S
0.27x
P/B
0.53x
P/FCF
2.27x
P/OCF
1.37x
EV/EBITDA
2.89x
EV/Revenue
0.29x
EV/EBIT
4.61x
EV/FCF
6.50x
Earnings Yield
-1.52%
FCF Yield
44.00%
Shareholder Yield
6.29%
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. RAP1V.HE currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
-0.438
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.056
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.062
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.544
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.112
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-0.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. RAP1V.HE's ROE of -0.5% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.544), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of -0.44 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1.70
Median 1Y
$1.46
5th Pctile
$0.71
95th Pctile
$3.02
Ann. Volatility
39.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 2.5% 1.8% -0.9% 0.0% 5.0% 5.5% 6.2% -3.2% 3.9% 11.1% 13.3% 22.4% 15.2% 2.3% -2.6% -4.8% -4.6% -2.5% -3.8% -0.5% -0.49%
ROA 1.0% 0.8% -0.4% 0.0% 2.3% 2.3% 3.2% -1.5% 2.0% 5.0% 6.3% 9.7% 6.9% 1.1% -1.1% -2.3% -2.2% -1.2% -1.6% -0.2% -0.23%
ROIC 4.4% 2.9% 0.4% 1.5% 6.1% 6.4% 6.3% -3.9% 7.4% 13.5% 14.9% 17.4% 12.3% 4.6% -13.9% 7.2% 5.0% 6.5% 8.2% -41.2% -41.21%
ROCE 15.3% 11.6% 9.6% 10.9% 16.2% 14.0% 14.4% 6.6% 13.7% 18.8% 22.2% 29.1% 24.8% 19.5% 9.7% 5.9% 4.6% 6.0% 8.1% 12.6% 12.64%
Gross Margin 39.8% 54.9% 46.9% 55.6% 46.7% 55.0% 45.4% 50.7% 53.0% 57.1% 51.3% 56.9% 51.3% 59.3% 53.7% 56.7% 54.6% 56.0% 18.7% 28.4% 28.41%
Operating Margin -5.9% 7.8% -0.3% 10.7% 0.6% 8.1% 2.6% 0.0% 11.1% 16.4% 4.6% 9.6% 3.1% 4.9% -0.5% 9.3% -2.6% 7.3% 3.9% 11.7% 11.72%
Net Margin -8.9% 4.2% -3.6% 6.1% -3.1% 4.5% -1.9% -4.0% 4.4% 10.3% 0.6% 5.9% -4.0% -0.9% -5.9% 3.9% -4.3% 1.8% -7.0% 6.3% 6.31%
EBITDA Margin -3.0% 10.4% 2.7% 13.0% 3.3% 12.6% 2.7% 6.5% 11.2% 19.5% 4.7% 13.5% 7.2% 9.7% 8.0% 6.7% 3.5% 8.9% 9.5% 15.8% 15.80%
FCF Margin 4.4% 4.4% 6.4% 6.6% 2.9% 3.4% 4.1% 6.0% 10.9% 12.0% 9.9% 5.0% -1.1% -1.6% -2.5% 3.7% 6.9% 4.7% 4.6% 4.4% 4.39%
OCF Margin 7.7% 7.5% 8.9% 8.9% 5.0% 5.7% 6.1% 7.8% 12.7% 14.4% 12.0% 7.6% 2.0% 1.3% 1.6% 7.4% 9.9% 8.4% 7.8% 7.3% 7.26%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.52%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 2.65%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.17%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only -24.20%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -37.71%
Cash ROA snapshot only 11.57%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 16.20%
CROIC snapshot only 9.79%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -18.47%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 0.35%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.22%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 21.54%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 45.27 56.56 -99.64 — 16.29 15.17 11.71 -21.20 29.58 20.30 17.28 8.01 9.15 41.39 -33.32 -14.77 -10.98 -13.66 -10.92 -65.91 -28.250
P/S Ratio 0.26 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.19 0.30 0.57 0.59 0.44 0.34 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.17 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.273
P/B Ratio 1.14 0.97 0.88 0.86 0.78 0.90 0.70 0.69 1.18 2.01 2.36 1.74 1.38 1.05 0.92 0.68 0.48 0.32 0.44 0.38 0.531
P/FCF 5.99 6.07 3.66 3.62 7.33 6.26 4.71 3.17 2.77 4.75 5.98 8.82 -30.48 -16.56 -9.56 6.37 2.44 2.26 2.37 2.27 2.273
P/OCF 3.43 3.56 2.61 2.70 4.29 3.79 3.16 2.43 2.38 3.95 4.91 5.78 16.70 20.40 15.15 3.21 1.70 1.27 1.40 1.37 1.373
EV/EBITDA 5.60 5.64 5.91 5.80 4.51 4.96 4.22 5.12 4.76 6.06 6.64 4.98 4.71 5.40 4.05 4.64 4.38 3.45 4.55 2.89 2.887
EV/Revenue 0.44 0.40 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.42 0.34 0.33 0.40 0.64 0.73 0.63 0.55 0.48 0.40 0.37 0.31 0.24 0.33 0.29 0.285
EV/EBIT 8.35 9.01 10.41 9.90 6.78 7.90 5.98 12.24 7.39 8.11 8.76 5.87 6.21 8.38 8.43 12.24 13.45 8.18 8.40 4.61 4.613
EV/FCF 9.97 9.17 5.73 5.56 11.98 12.13 8.46 5.48 3.66 5.31 7.41 12.49 -49.82 -29.77 -16.24 9.85 4.48 5.06 7.14 6.50 6.499
Earnings Yield 2.2% 1.8% -1.0% 0.0% 6.1% 6.6% 8.5% -4.7% 3.4% 4.9% 5.8% 12.5% 10.9% 2.4% -3.0% -6.8% -9.1% -7.3% -9.2% -1.5% -1.52%
FCF Yield 16.7% 16.5% 27.3% 27.6% 13.6% 16.0% 21.3% 31.6% 36.1% 21.1% 16.7% 11.3% -3.3% -6.0% -10.5% 15.7% 41.0% 44.3% 42.1% 44.0% 44.00%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.006
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 1.947
EV/OCF snapshot only 3.927
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 0.723
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 5.017
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 6.29%
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.52 1.86 1.93 1.55 1.50 1.59 2.10 1.75 2.47 2.37 1.67 1.47 1.36 1.00 2.54 2.10 1.98 2.07 2.19 2.28 2.277
Quick Ratio 0.71 0.87 0.76 0.69 0.61 0.70 0.86 0.98 1.34 1.36 0.86 0.62 0.62 0.40 1.01 0.94 0.78 0.87 0.80 1.02 1.025
Debt/Equity 1.02 0.66 0.58 0.55 0.59 1.05 0.64 0.86 0.58 0.49 0.76 0.89 1.08 1.03 0.80 0.54 0.54 0.57 1.05 0.94 0.940
Net Debt/Equity 0.76 0.50 0.50 0.46 0.49 0.85 0.56 0.51 0.38 0.24 0.56 0.72 0.88 0.84 0.65 0.37 0.40 0.40 0.89 0.71 0.706
Debt/Assets 0.41 0.32 0.29 0.27 0.30 0.41 0.33 0.38 0.29 0.25 0.34 0.38 0.45 0.43 0.34 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.42 0.39 0.394
Debt/EBITDA 3.02 2.54 2.46 2.40 2.08 2.97 2.15 3.68 1.77 1.32 1.73 1.80 2.26 2.92 2.08 2.39 2.69 2.73 3.60 2.50 2.501
Net Debt/EBITDA 2.24 1.91 2.14 2.03 1.75 2.40 1.87 2.16 1.16 0.65 1.28 1.46 1.83 2.39 1.67 1.64 2.00 1.91 3.04 1.88 1.877
Interest Coverage 4.01 7.41 — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.43 1.41 1.35 1.75 1.755
Equity Multiplier 2.48 2.10 1.96 2.00 1.95 2.59 1.97 2.25 1.98 1.94 2.26 2.37 2.43 2.40 2.38 1.91 1.89 1.91 2.49 2.39 2.387
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.445
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 2.804
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.249
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.178
Defensive Interval snapshot only 153.2 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.76 1.65 1.78 1.69 1.74 1.66 1.94 1.70 1.95 1.79 1.84 1.75 1.86 1.69 1.61 1.41 1.40 1.49 1.55 1.54 1.544
Inventory Turnover 2.52 2.37 2.47 2.40 2.49 2.41 2.86 2.87 3.13 2.93 2.90 2.64 3.08 2.78 2.55 2.07 2.11 2.23 2.75 3.40 3.402
Receivables Turnover 11.33 7.75 11.72 7.76 11.19 8.31 12.79 8.41 12.01 9.13 12.21 10.14 14.10 10.29 13.50 9.22 14.37 11.83 35.18 11.72 11.719
Payables Turnover 15.22 — 16.11 — 16.17 9.57 20.10 12.81 17.99 5.03 15.23 5.37 20.19 5.09 12.95 3.95 11.97 4.97 9.67 6.15 6.154
DSO 32 47 31 47 33 44 29 43 30 40 30 36 26 35 27 40 25 31 10 31 31.1 days
DIO 145 154 148 152 147 151 128 127 117 124 126 138 119 132 143 176 173 164 133 107 107.3 days
DPO 24 0 23 0 23 38 18 28 20 73 24 68 18 72 28 92 30 74 38 59 59.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 153 201 156 199 157 157 138 142 127 92 132 106 126 95 142 123 168 121 106 79 79.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 16.357
Operating Cycle snapshot only 138.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 16.242
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.627
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue -0.8% -4.9% -7.7% -9.5% -6.1% -2.7% 4.7% -0.2% 4.1% 7.6% 3.3% 14.5% 5.9% -5.1% -10.8% -20.3% -22.2% -14.6% -9.6% -1.2% -1.15%
Net Income -87.3% -87.4% -1.1% -1.0% 1.1% 1.9% 8.3% — -19.1% 1.1% 1.2% 8.0% 2.8% -78.2% -1.2% -1.2% -1.3% -2.0% -28.6% 90.7% 90.67%
EPS -86.7% -87.2% -1.1% -1.0% 1.1% 1.9% 8.3% — -19.6% 1.1% 1.1% 7.9% 2.8% -78.0% -1.2% -1.2% -1.3% -2.0% -30.2% 90.2% 90.21%
FCF 51.2% 23.9% 85.8% 2.7% -37.6% -24.0% -33.0% -9.4% 2.9% 2.8% 1.5% -4.5% -1.1% -1.1% -1.2% -40.8% 5.9% 3.5% 2.7% 16.7% 16.67%
EBITDA -32.4% -34.5% -48.7% -46.7% -7.0% 14.2% 38.5% 1.2% 12.7% 35.1% 39.4% 1.2% 47.3% -19.8% -20.1% -49.9% -53.0% -33.7% -33.5% 23.8% 23.85%
Op. Income -43.2% -48.6% -63.0% -60.2% -10.1% 12.9% 72.2% -17.8% 16.1% 67.6% 55.8% 3.0% 62.9% -33.8% -51.3% -67.4% -72.5% -43.0% -7.7% 28.9% 28.92%
OCF Growth snapshot only -2.61%
Asset Growth snapshot only -6.14%
Equity Growth snapshot only -25.08%
Debt Growth snapshot only 29.59%
Shares Change snapshot only -4.68%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -1.00%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 32.1% 11.1% 0.4% -0.9% -2.0% -2.5% -1.7% -1.9% -1.0% -0.1% -0.1% 1.1% 1.1% -0.2% -1.2% -3.0% -5.0% -4.5% -5.9% -3.4% -3.37%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — 30.5% 17.7% 7.5% 1.8% 2.2% 0.7% -1.1% -2.6% -2.9% -4.4% -4.2% -4.2% -4.0% -4.01%
EPS 3Y -37.5% -56.2% — — -41.1% -36.8% -29.5% — -39.0% -7.9% -0.1% 21.1% 86.3% 10.3% — — — — — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — -16.0% -12.6% -10.6% -2.0% -9.0% -35.0% — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y -37.6% -56.7% — — -42.0% -37.0% -30.8% — -39.7% -7.6% 0.4% 22.3% 87.2% 10.8% — — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — -16.1% -12.7% -11.0% -1.6% -9.6% -35.0% — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y 4.7% -16.2% -27.5% -28.0% -21.6% -19.2% -13.8% -17.5% -10.9% 0.3% -0.3% 6.4% 15.6% 7.4% 15.5% 4.2% -7.9% -10.4% -9.5% 11.5% 11.46%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — 6.6% 3.8% -1.9% -6.0% -3.3% -4.4% -10.6% -6.5% -8.9% -13.3% -11.7% -12.1% -5.7% -5.67%
Gross Profit 3Y 29.4% 8.9% -0.8% -2.5% -2.3% -2.8% -3.2% -4.4% -2.4% -0.9% 0.2% 2.4% 3.7% 2.3% 2.3% 0.3% -2.2% -2.1% -8.1% -10.4% -10.44%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — 28.3% 16.5% 6.7% 2.5% 3.1% 1.7% -0.1% -1.9% -2.3% -3.4% -3.4% -6.3% -9.4% -9.40%
Op. Income 3Y 11.9% -18.8% -29.9% -30.7% -24.4% -23.1% -18.3% -30.5% -16.0% -0.9% -0.2% 9.3% 19.4% 7.8% 9.3% 2.2% -19.6% -14.2% -11.2% 18.8% 18.76%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — -4.5% 7.9% 0.3% -1.5% 1.8% -3.9% -12.8% -16.2% -15.3% -23.3% -18.2% -14.9% -11.3% -11.34%
FCF 3Y -0.5% -10.8% -4.5% -6.1% -18.8% -9.0% 4.7% 4.4% 54.2% 52.5% 46.1% 46.8% — — — -20.0% 26.5% 6.2% -1.9% -13.0% -12.97%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 19.0% 15.3% 7.9% -6.5% — — — -8.5% 13.8% 2.4% 3.3% 16.9% 16.90%
OCF 3Y 19.7% 6.6% 6.8% 3.4% -2.9% 1.3% 2.2% -2.3% 22.8% 26.7% 21.7% 15.3% -35.2% -44.2% -44.8% -8.8% 19.5% 9.0% 2.5% -5.7% -5.72%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — 22.7% 19.6% 12.2% 1.8% -16.4% -24.5% -24.1% -4.3% 3.6% -0.8% -1.1% 2.8% 2.78%
Assets 3Y 6.6% -0.9% -4.4% -3.6% -4.1% -1.2% -1.6% 0.7% -4.2% -3.5% 0.2% 3.3% 2.3% 1.7% 4.2% 2.5% 1.9% -3.4% -1.5% -2.8% -2.85%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — 3.0% 0.9% -0.5% 0.7% 2.0% 1.5% -0.5% -0.3% -0.0% -1.1% -3.4% -2.4% -2.0% -1.97%
Equity 3Y 5.9% 5.7% 3.7% 5.5% 3.4% -1.8% 6.1% 4.7% 2.4% 5.6% 1.9% 4.2% 2.9% -2.8% -2.4% 4.1% 3.0% 6.9% -8.8% -4.7% -4.68%
Book Value 3Y 6.2% 6.7% 4.9% 6.0% 5.0% -1.4% 8.0% 5.1% 3.7% 5.3% 1.5% 3.2% 2.4% -3.2% -2.8% 2.7% 2.5% 6.4% -8.8% -4.3% -4.33%
Dividend 3Y -9.3% -22.6% -16.5% -29.7% -25.5% -15.7% -24.9% -12.9% -23.4% -35.8% — 23.3% 35.5% 68.3% — -35.8% -35.2% -35.2% — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.60 0.47 0.00 0.01 0.56 0.89 0.50 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.35 0.09 0.02 0.15 0.34 0.08 0.28 0.52 0.69 0.48 0.483
Earnings Stability 0.14 0.88 0.93 0.35 0.29 0.84 0.78 0.58 0.38 0.55 0.40 0.11 0.27 0.49 0.38 0.10 0.23 0.42 0.31 0.07 0.071
Margin Stability 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.94 0.87 0.871
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.20 — 0.92 0.50 0.50 — 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.00 — — 0.28 0.02 — — 0.79 0.28 0.27 — 0.00 0.00 — — — — — — —
ROE Trend -0.21 -0.17 -0.19 -0.15 -0.06 -0.02 -0.01 -0.10 0.00 0.06 0.11 0.23 0.11 -0.05 -0.13 -0.14 -0.14 -0.09 -0.09 -0.09 -0.091
Gross Margin Trend -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 -0.07 -0.16 -0.155
FCF Margin Trend 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.07 0.08 0.05 -0.01 -0.08 -0.09 -0.09 -0.02 0.02 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.000
Sustainable Growth Rate -8.0% -3.7% — — 1.1% 2.1% 3.5% — 2.3% 10.3% 13.3% 18.4% 11.0% -1.7% — — — — — — —
Internal Growth Rate — — — — 0.5% 0.9% 1.8% — 1.2% 4.9% 6.7% 8.6% 5.2% — — — — — — — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 13.19 15.88 -38.17 — 3.79 4.00 3.70 -8.72 12.44 5.13 3.52 1.39 0.55 2.03 -2.20 -4.60 -6.47 -10.80 -7.80 -48.00 -48.000
FCF/OCF 0.57 0.59 0.71 0.75 0.59 0.61 0.67 0.77 0.86 0.83 0.82 0.65 -0.55 -1.23 -1.58 0.50 0.70 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.604
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -29.000
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.735
CapEx/Revenue 3.3% 3.1% 2.5% 2.2% 2.1% 2.2% 2.0% 1.8% 1.8% 2.4% 2.2% 2.6% 3.1% 2.9% 4.0% 3.7% 3.0% 2.3% 1.8% 1.5% 1.53%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.415
Accruals Ratio -0.12 -0.12 -0.16 -0.15 -0.06 -0.07 -0.09 -0.15 -0.23 -0.21 -0.16 -0.04 0.03 -0.01 -0.04 -0.13 -0.16 -0.14 -0.14 -0.11 -0.114
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.053
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 4.732
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 9.3% 5.4% 7.9% 3.7% 4.8% 4.1% 3.7% 3.1% 1.4% 0.4% 0.0% 2.2% 3.0% 4.1% 6.3% 1.4% 2.1% 3.3% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.35 $0.20 $0.25 $0.12 $0.14 $0.12 $0.10 $0.08 $0.06 $0.03 $0.00 $0.15 $0.15 $0.15 $0.19 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio 4.2% 3.0% — — 77.9% 61.6% 43.2% — 41.8% 7.7% 0.0% 17.9% 27.6% 1.7% — — — — — — —
FCF Payout Ratio 55.4% 32.6% 29.1% 13.5% 35.1% 25.4% 17.4% 9.7% 3.9% 1.8% 0.0% 19.7% — — — 9.2% 5.2% 7.5% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio 4.3% 3.1% — — 98.5% 2.6% 1.6% — 2.4% 1.6% 76.3% 64.2% 96.0% 5.7% — — — — — — —
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 — — —
Chowder Number -0.17 -0.50 -0.36 -0.62 -0.56 -0.37 -0.56 -0.32 -0.55 -0.73 — 0.96 1.55 3.87 — -0.71 -0.70 -0.69 — — —
Buyback Yield 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 1.1% 1.3% 13.1% 9.9% 11.8% 6.7% 7.4% 4.4% 5.8% 7.5% 9.7% 0.4% 0.0% 2.5% 4.0% 5.9% 6.3% 6.29%
Net Buyback Yield 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 1.1% 1.3% 13.1% 9.9% 11.8% 6.7% 7.4% 3.5% 4.6% 5.9% 7.5% 0.4% 0.0% 2.5% 4.0% 5.9% 6.3% 6.29%
Total Shareholder Return 9.5% 5.5% 8.2% 4.9% 6.0% 17.2% 13.6% 14.9% 8.1% 7.8% 3.5% 6.8% 8.9% 11.6% 6.8% 1.4% 4.7% 7.3% 5.9% 6.3% 6.29%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.18 0.18 -0.15 0.00 0.37 0.38 0.39 -0.81 0.33 0.50 0.55 0.65 0.57 0.30 -1.35 2.42 1.17 3.18 1.12 -0.44 -0.438
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.61 0.59 0.44 0.55 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.41 0.57 0.72 0.75 0.80 0.73 0.37 0.11 -0.22 -0.57 -0.08 -0.23 0.06 0.056
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.062
Asset Turnover 1.76 1.65 1.78 1.69 1.74 1.66 1.94 1.70 1.95 1.79 1.84 1.75 1.86 1.69 1.61 1.41 1.40 1.49 1.55 1.54 1.544
Equity Multiplier 2.45 2.31 2.17 2.21 2.20 2.33 1.96 2.13 1.97 2.22 2.11 2.31 2.21 2.15 2.32 2.13 2.15 2.14 2.43 2.11 2.112
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.08 $0.07 $-0.03 $0.00 $0.18 $0.19 $0.23 $-0.12 $0.14 $0.40 $0.49 $0.82 $0.54 $0.09 $-0.09 $-0.19 $-0.17 $-0.09 $-0.12 $-0.02 $-0.02
Book Value/Share $3.33 $3.79 $3.54 $3.75 $3.71 $3.19 $3.82 $3.64 $3.57 $4.01 $3.59 $3.77 $3.58 $3.43 $3.25 $4.06 $3.99 $3.85 $2.90 $3.19 $3.19
Tangible Book/Share $1.28 $1.83 $1.63 $1.81 $1.76 $1.24 $1.86 $1.71 $1.73 $2.00 $1.51 $1.64 $1.39 $1.22 $0.63 $1.48 $1.31 $1.36 $0.39 $0.62 $0.62
Revenue/Share $14.35 $13.85 $13.42 $13.41 $13.47 $13.48 $14.00 $13.31 $13.94 $14.15 $14.31 $14.85 $14.64 $13.56 $12.76 $11.71 $11.39 $11.58 $11.68 $12.14 $6.21
FCF/Share $0.63 $0.61 $0.85 $0.89 $0.39 $0.46 $0.57 $0.80 $1.52 $1.70 $1.41 $0.74 $-0.16 $-0.22 $-0.31 $0.43 $0.79 $0.55 $0.54 $0.53 $0.33
OCF/Share $1.10 $1.04 $1.20 $1.19 $0.67 $0.76 $0.85 $1.04 $1.77 $2.04 $1.72 $1.14 $0.30 $0.18 $0.20 $0.86 $1.13 $0.97 $0.91 $0.88 $0.42
Cash/Share $0.88 $0.63 $0.27 $0.32 $0.35 $0.64 $0.32 $1.30 $0.72 $1.00 $0.72 $0.64 $0.75 $0.63 $0.51 $0.69 $0.56 $0.65 $0.47 $0.75 $0.75
EBITDA/Share $1.12 $0.99 $0.83 $0.85 $1.05 $1.13 $1.14 $0.86 $1.17 $1.49 $1.58 $1.86 $1.71 $1.21 $1.26 $0.92 $0.81 $0.80 $0.85 $1.20 $1.20
Debt/Share $3.40 $2.51 $2.04 $2.05 $2.18 $3.36 $2.46 $3.15 $2.08 $1.96 $2.73 $3.36 $3.88 $3.52 $2.61 $2.21 $2.17 $2.18 $3.04 $3.00 $3.00
Net Debt/Share $2.52 $1.88 $1.77 $1.72 $1.83 $2.71 $2.14 $1.85 $1.36 $0.96 $2.02 $2.73 $3.13 $2.89 $2.10 $1.51 $1.61 $1.53 $2.57 $2.25 $2.25
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.964
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only 4.058
Piotroski F-Score 4 7 5 5 7 6 6 3 7 8 5 7 3 5 4 4 5 5 3 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.91 -3.27 -3.58 -3.27 -3.04 -2.84 -2.79 -3.20 -3.38 -3.38 -2.79 -2.54 -2.23 -2.83 -3.07 -3.36 -3.70 -3.26 -3.02 -2.53 -2.531
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.622
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 26.00%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-0.60
EVA snapshot only $-106215000.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB
Credit Score 57.63 69.31 76.46 73.78 67.73 70.11 77.51 69.63 88.39 90.08 88.66 76.49 65.73 59.08 72.04 71.86 64.48 53.94 50.14 56.31 56.312
Credit Grade snapshot only 9
Credit Trend snapshot only -15.548
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 275.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 47
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 49

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