— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: SPX.L (LSE) · $vol 20M · SPXSY (OTC) · $vol 0M

SPXSF OTC

Spirax-Sarco Engineering plc
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +6.4% YTD: +2.4% 1Y: +0.3% 3Y: -15.6% 5Y: -55.0%
$94.75
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Industrial - Machinery · Tech Score Sell · Power 47 · $7.0B mcap · 73M float · 0.0008% daily turnover · Short 85% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 3Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
4
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. SPXSF receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: ROE (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-06-30 None ADDED
2026-06-20 EXISTED None
2026-06-12 None ADDED
2026-06-10 EXISTED None
2026-06-05 None ADDED
2026-05-16 EXISTED None
2026-05-11 None ADDED
2026-05-10 EXISTED None
2026-05-05 None ADDED
2026-04-04 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
58
Balance Sheet
70
Earnings Quality
75
Growth
35
Value
—
Momentum
64
Safety
—
Cash Flow
73

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.82
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.18
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 70.0/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 1.56x
Accruals: -7.5%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SPXSF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SPXSF's score of -2.82 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SPXSF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SPXSF receives an estimated rating of A (score: 70.0/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SPXSF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
27.01x
PEG
1.27x
P/S
3.06x
P/B
4.27x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$42.93
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 27.0x earnings, SPXSF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $42.93 per share, 121% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.727
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.798
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.183
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.262
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.245
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
30.0%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SPXSF's ROE of 30.0% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.262), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$41.43
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SPXSF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. SPXSF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $41.43, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 27.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$94.75
Median 1Y
$89.94
5th Pctile
$52.41
95th Pctile
$155.10
Ann. Volatility
33.5%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 45.1% 53.6% 55.4% 56.8% 59.1% 59.6% 54.4% 52.4% 42.0% 44.1% 44.5% 44.4% 45.4% 42.5% 37.7% 35.8% 31.5% 31.4% 29.8% 30.0% 30.02%
ROA 27.1% 27.5% 25.7% 26.9% 31.5% 27.8% 24.6% 22.8% 20.6% 21.4% 22.9% 21.6% 20.3% 19.6% 17.9% 16.9% 13.8% 13.5% 13.2% 13.4% 13.37%
ROIC 44.8% 36.9% 30.4% 32.3% 40.7% 35.0% 31.1% 33.7% 32.0% 33.9% 34.7% 33.8% 25.9% 25.5% 24.6% 23.3% 23.1% 21.4% 22.4% 21.9% 21.93%
ROCE 25.8% 20.5% 18.0% 17.2% 23.7% 28.9% 29.8% 35.0% 32.5% 39.2% 38.8% 35.7% 30.4% 30.2% 27.6% 28.2% 28.9% 30.2% 29.6% 28.5% 28.46%
Gross Margin 78.7% 22.4% 84.1% 20.5% 75.0% 19.7% 21.5% 18.5% 22.2% 23.9% 23.9% 22.4% 21.7% 18.0% 1.4% 17.3% 1.3% 19.3% 18.6% 17.9% 17.85%
Operating Margin 23.8% 22.0% 21.5% 20.3% 30.7% 19.7% 21.5% 18.5% 22.2% 23.9% 23.9% 22.4% 21.7% 18.0% 15.8% 17.3% 19.3% 13.0% 18.6% 17.9% 17.85%
Net Margin 16.9% 14.2% 17.0% 14.1% 24.1% 12.8% 14.0% 13.5% 15.5% 16.9% 18.0% 12.9% 14.8% 9.7% 12.1% 11.0% 11.9% 7.6% 11.4% 11.3% 11.29%
EBITDA Margin 26.4% 0.0% 25.2% 0.0% 33.5% 25.6% 26.6% 26.0% 28.2% 29.9% 28.9% 24.7% 26.0% 23.2% 21.3% 23.4% 23.3% 22.3% 24.4% 23.6% 23.57%
FCF Margin 16.4% 16.2% 14.8% 14.0% 14.3% 13.1% 14.1% 14.5% 14.8% 16.6% 16.0% 13.7% 10.8% 7.4% 8.2% 7.6% 11.2% 12.9% 13.3% 14.0% 13.98%
OCF Margin 20.2% 19.9% 18.1% 16.9% 17.3% 16.1% 18.1% 18.9% 19.5% 21.2% 20.5% 18.8% 16.9% 14.1% 15.6% 15.3% 17.7% 18.8% 17.5% 16.6% 16.56%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 34.35%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 39.34%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.35%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 25.32%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 18.93%
Cash ROA snapshot only 20.87%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 28.95%
CROIC snapshot only 24.43%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 12.54%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 14.57%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.02%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.16%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27.015
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.063
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.271
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.270
Graham Number snapshot only $42.93
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.77 2.51 2.33 2.71 2.49 2.20 2.55 2.25 3.04 1.96 2.11 2.56 1.65 1.77 2.26 2.25 1.85 1.77 1.85 2.14 2.143
Quick Ratio 2.08 1.87 1.74 2.00 1.85 1.55 1.81 1.68 2.25 1.46 1.58 1.89 1.20 1.25 1.63 1.61 1.38 1.31 1.41 1.59 1.589
Debt/Equity 0.18 0.50 0.86 0.85 0.55 0.77 0.81 0.81 0.60 0.52 0.46 0.52 0.93 1.03 0.97 0.99 0.85 0.93 0.84 0.87 0.868
Net Debt/Equity -0.05 0.21 0.61 0.58 0.31 0.56 0.60 0.43 0.31 0.25 0.19 0.24 0.65 0.75 0.66 0.70 0.57 0.66 0.54 0.57 0.566
Debt/Assets 0.11 0.25 0.36 0.36 0.27 0.34 0.39 0.36 0.29 0.27 0.25 0.28 0.39 0.43 0.41 0.43 0.39 0.41 0.38 0.40 0.400
Debt/EBITDA 0.46 1.38 2.08 2.17 1.22 1.20 1.26 1.01 0.78 0.69 0.65 0.75 1.35 1.43 1.43 1.45 1.34 1.40 1.30 1.36 1.356
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.14 0.57 1.48 1.48 0.68 0.87 0.94 0.54 0.41 0.33 0.27 0.35 0.94 1.03 0.97 1.03 0.91 1.00 0.83 0.88 0.883
Interest Coverage — — — — — 102.61 55.84 45.43 30.26 32.80 33.61 33.60 27.23 15.32 9.63 7.26 5.77 6.02 6.39 6.81 6.814
Equity Multiplier 1.65 1.98 2.43 2.35 2.03 2.26 2.05 2.26 2.04 1.90 1.85 1.89 2.38 2.39 2.34 2.32 2.19 2.28 2.18 2.17 2.172
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.726
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 8.734
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.348
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.441
Defensive Interval snapshot only 260.9 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.78 1.76 1.62 1.73 1.78 1.63 1.51 1.42 1.48 1.42 1.43 1.37 1.30 1.43 1.44 1.42 1.23 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.262
Inventory Turnover 6.70 6.79 6.56 7.24 7.40 7.09 9.50 8.91 11.37 10.36 10.19 9.47 9.70 10.20 6.82 6.65 2.94 2.75 6.61 6.23 6.228
Receivables Turnover 8.35 9.52 9.01 10.13 10.00 10.40 10.02 10.77 10.27 10.11 9.83 10.19 10.16 11.43 11.12 10.49 10.04 10.47 10.53 10.08 10.084
Payables Turnover 24.64 8.45 20.74 8.44 10.28 8.54 28.82 11.09 18.21 11.73 31.40 11.04 33.65 12.30 22.56 7.66 9.08 3.29 10.21 7.44 7.443
DSO 44 38 40 36 37 35 36 34 36 36 37 36 36 32 33 35 36 35 35 36 36.2 days
DIO 54 54 56 50 49 51 38 41 32 35 36 39 38 36 54 55 124 133 55 59 58.6 days
DPO 15 43 18 43 36 43 13 33 20 31 12 33 11 30 16 48 40 111 36 49 49.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 83 49 78 43 50 44 62 42 48 40 61 41 63 38 70 42 120 56 54 46 45.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 6.760
Operating Cycle snapshot only 94.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 9.049
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.794
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 4.2% 13.1% 30.5% 43.0% 51.1% 51.0% 36.4% 23.4% 13.2% 7.5% 5.9% 12.4% 21.3% 27.1% 29.8% 24.0% 13.3% 5.0% 2.3% 0.8% 0.84%
Net Income 7.5% 22.2% 41.6% 49.4% 75.0% 65.4% 39.8% 27.7% -10.6% -5.5% 4.7% 10.2% 35.0% 16.0% 0.0% -6.1% -18.4% -18.2% -13.2% -10.5% -10.49%
EPS 7.2% 25.7% 40.6% 49.0% 74.5% 65.2% 39.7% 27.5% -10.8% -5.7% 4.9% 10.3% 35.2% 16.4% 0.0% -6.1% -18.5% -18.4% -13.0% -10.6% -10.61%
FCF 27.7% 30.8% 35.9% 30.4% 31.9% 21.5% 30.5% 27.7% 17.1% 36.7% 20.0% 6.7% -12.1% -43.0% -33.8% -31.0% 18.1% 81.5% 67.1% 84.4% 84.39%
EBITDA 10.0% 10.0% 39.8% 39.8% 74.9% 1.5% 1.1% 1.7% 87.2% 38.5% 36.2% 11.7% 23.8% 17.2% 8.9% 4.8% -5.0% -7.4% 0.4% 0.5% 0.45%
Op. Income 9.0% 21.0% 33.7% 41.9% 62.1% 53.5% 42.1% 28.2% -2.8% 0.2% 2.2% 14.7% 35.2% 25.7% 13.2% -2.2% -12.8% -19.6% -10.0% -4.6% -4.63%
OCF Growth snapshot only 8.94%
Asset Growth snapshot only 0.25%
Equity Growth snapshot only 7.28%
Debt Growth snapshot only -5.80%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.14%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 6.55%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 91.1% 51.5% 33.8% 21.2% 22.4% 23.6% 25.6% 27.5% 27.3% 23.3% 19.8% 15.9% 12.8% 12.0% 12.0% 12.02%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 57.0% 36.7% 27.3% 19.6% 19.6% 20.1% 19.9% 19.92%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 1.1% 55.7% 38.0% 18.6% 25.1% 27.2% 28.0% 28.2% 21.9% 13.6% 9.7% -0.6% -3.6% -3.0% -2.5% -2.53%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 57.1% 31.7% 22.2% 13.0% 13.2% 12.4% 12.0% 11.95%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 1.0% 56.3% 38.5% 18.9% 24.1% 27.5% 28.1% 28.3% 21.9% 13.6% 9.7% -0.5% -3.6% -3.1% -2.5% -2.53%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 56.4% 31.9% 22.4% 13.1% 12.6% 12.5% 12.0% 12.05%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — 81.3% 96.9% 53.3% 56.4% 58.4% 61.1% 59.4% 59.8% 45.8% 46.3% 30.1% 14.5% 14.2% 5.5% 5.54%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 54.6% 54.9% 33.5% 33.0% 34.2% 34.5% 34.48%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 1.6% 34.5% 26.5% -9.8% -7.5% -5.2% -2.3% -2.0% -3.5% 18.8% 16.7% 30.7% 30.0% 24.6% 25.2% 25.23%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.2% 37.1% 31.9% 30.2% 30.3% 19.1% 18.9% 18.95%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 1.0% 56.2% 37.9% 19.7% 23.0% 24.7% 27.8% 28.7% 24.6% 18.0% 12.9% 4.6% 0.4% 1.3% 2.3% 2.27%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 59.8% 34.5% 24.1% 15.1% 13.5% 14.6% 14.2% 14.24%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 1.1% 51.8% 41.1% 25.4% 29.5% 28.6% 21.1% 10.7% -1.8% 1.2% -2.0% 6.7% 12.3% 9.9% 10.7% 10.75%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 47.1% 22.7% 15.6% 15.4% 17.6% 18.7% 17.7% 17.72%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 1.0% 54.8% 41.4% 27.1% 30.3% 28.7% 25.2% 20.1% 13.5% 17.3% 15.9% 16.9% 18.7% 10.7% 7.2% 7.21%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 58.3% 34.3% 26.2% 20.8% 21.2% 19.3% 16.6% 16.64%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 35.1% 34.5% 39.9% 33.1% 38.8% 39.1% 39.7% 47.7% 35.0% 22.4% 21.2% 19.4% 13.8% 16.2% 12.4% 12.44%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.4% 31.2% 31.2% 29.0% 31.8% 30.9% 28.9% 28.88%
Equity 3Y — — — — — 17.8% 27.0% 27.4% 24.7% 38.9% 36.4% 36.4% 30.7% 26.8% 23.9% 21.6% 16.4% 13.5% 14.0% 13.9% 13.90%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — 18.7% 26.6% 27.0% 24.4% 40.1% 36.1% 36.3% 30.6% 26.8% 23.9% 21.6% 16.4% 13.4% 14.1% 13.9% 13.90%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — -10.6% 8.7% 8.4% 7.9% 7.7% 6.3% 6.5% 7.0% 8.2% 8.1% 7.2% 6.3% 4.0% 3.5% 2.2% 2.18%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.86 0.98 0.98 0.80 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.91 0.92 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.964
Earnings Stability — 0.91 1.00 0.98 0.81 0.96 1.00 0.99 0.70 0.90 0.97 0.98 0.85 0.90 0.91 0.89 0.68 0.60 0.56 0.52 0.523
Margin Stability — 0.57 0.93 0.87 0.97 0.65 0.81 0.81 0.65 0.67 0.63 0.66 0.53 0.52 0.68 0.71 0.48 0.47 0.70 0.72 0.716
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 0.91 0.83 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.89 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.86 0.94 1.00 0.98 0.93 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.958
Earnings Smoothness 0.93 0.80 0.66 0.60 0.45 0.51 0.67 0.76 0.89 0.94 0.95 0.90 0.70 0.85 1.00 0.94 0.80 0.80 0.86 0.89 0.889
ROE Trend — 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.07 -0.09 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.09 -0.08 -0.080
Gross Margin Trend — 0.14 0.06 0.07 0.03 0.01 -0.18 -0.17 -0.31 -0.28 -0.23 -0.20 -0.14 -0.15 0.21 0.19 0.54 0.55 0.11 0.12 0.117
FCF Margin Trend — 0.04 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 0.02 0.02 -0.00 -0.04 -0.07 -0.07 -0.06 -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.033
Sustainable Growth Rate 5.3% 9.3% 33.5% 34.4% 39.7% 38.8% 34.4% 31.6% 22.5% 24.2% 25.7% 25.0% 26.2% 21.6% 17.5% 15.3% 11.9% 10.2% 9.5% 9.5% 9.50%
Internal Growth Rate 3.3% 5.0% 18.4% 19.4% 26.8% 22.1% 18.4% 15.9% 12.4% 13.3% 15.2% 13.9% 13.3% 11.1% 9.1% 7.8% 5.5% 4.6% 4.4% 4.4% 4.42%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.32 1.27 1.14 1.09 0.98 0.94 1.11 1.17 1.39 1.41 1.27 1.19 1.09 1.03 1.25 1.28 1.58 1.76 1.66 1.56 1.563
FCF/OCF 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.78 0.78 0.73 0.64 0.53 0.53 0.50 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.84 0.844
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.319
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.708
CapEx/Revenue 3.8% 3.7% 3.3% 2.9% 2.9% 3.1% 4.0% 4.4% 4.6% 4.6% 4.5% 5.1% 6.1% 6.6% 6.8% 6.5% 5.9% 5.3% 4.2% 3.2% 3.20%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.623
Accruals Ratio -0.09 -0.08 -0.04 -0.02 0.01 0.02 -0.03 -0.04 -0.08 -0.09 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.05 -0.08 -0.10 -0.09 -0.08 -0.075
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.057
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.585
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.35%
Dividend/Share $2.61 $2.68 $1.49 $1.63 $1.70 $1.87 $1.93 $2.09 $2.14 $2.27 $2.34 $2.54 $2.63 $2.89 $2.96 $3.13 $3.17 $3.24 $3.28 $3.33 $1.70
Payout Ratio 88.3% 82.6% 39.5% 39.5% 32.9% 34.9% 36.7% 39.8% 46.5% 45.0% 42.4% 43.7% 42.3% 49.1% 53.5% 57.4% 62.4% 67.6% 68.2% 68.4% 68.37%
FCF Payout Ratio 82.1% 79.4% 42.4% 43.9% 40.5% 45.7% 42.2% 44.2% 43.7% 40.7% 42.6% 50.2% 61.1% 90.4% 81.2% 89.6% 62.3% 56.0% 53.8% 51.8% 51.84%
Total Payout Ratio 89.1% 83.3% 40.1% 42.2% 34.6% 38.7% 42.2% 44.4% 55.1% 53.8% 52.3% 54.9% 52.5% 59.3% 61.7% 63.0% 65.8% 68.6% 68.2% 68.4% 68.37%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.70 0.70 0.77 0.77 0.79 0.79 0.74 0.74 0.71 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.727
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.72 1.89 1.64 1.80 1.56 1.19 1.22 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.93 0.89 0.85 0.83 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.798
EBIT Margin 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.22 0.20 0.22 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.183
Asset Turnover 1.78 1.76 1.62 1.73 1.78 1.63 1.51 1.42 1.48 1.42 1.43 1.37 1.30 1.43 1.44 1.42 1.23 1.26 1.25 1.26 1.262
Equity Multiplier 1.66 1.95 2.16 2.11 1.88 2.15 2.21 2.30 2.04 2.06 1.94 2.05 2.24 2.17 2.11 2.12 2.28 2.33 2.26 2.24 2.245
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.96 $3.24 $3.77 $4.13 $5.16 $5.36 $5.27 $5.26 $4.60 $5.05 $5.52 $5.81 $6.22 $5.88 $5.53 $5.45 $5.07 $4.80 $4.81 $4.87 $4.87
Book Value/Share $7.11 $7.45 $8.23 $8.72 $10.38 $10.53 $11.16 $11.37 $11.57 $12.42 $13.65 $14.78 $15.84 $15.20 $15.66 $15.69 $16.36 $15.37 $16.56 $16.81 $16.95
Tangible Book/Share $4.81 $3.14 $-0.31 $0.05 $1.63 $0.09 $1.40 $1.25 $2.06 $3.25 $4.63 $5.16 $-0.47 $-0.17 $0.37 $0.63 $1.61 $1.15 $2.20 $2.62 $2.62
Revenue/Share $19.36 $20.80 $23.76 $26.55 $29.16 $31.36 $32.38 $32.72 $32.96 $33.67 $34.34 $36.83 $40.04 $42.91 $44.57 $45.67 $45.30 $44.91 $45.65 $45.99 $23.64
FCF/Share $3.18 $3.37 $3.51 $3.71 $4.18 $4.09 $4.58 $4.73 $4.89 $5.59 $5.50 $5.06 $4.31 $3.20 $3.64 $3.49 $5.08 $5.78 $6.09 $6.43 $2.90
OCF/Share $3.92 $4.13 $4.29 $4.49 $5.04 $5.06 $5.87 $6.18 $6.41 $7.12 $7.04 $6.93 $6.77 $6.04 $6.94 $7.00 $8.04 $8.43 $8.00 $7.62 $3.34
Cash/Share $1.62 $2.17 $2.06 $2.39 $2.54 $2.25 $2.28 $4.33 $3.33 $3.43 $3.72 $4.13 $4.46 $4.38 $4.87 $4.47 $4.52 $4.10 $5.00 $5.08 $5.13
EBITDA/Share $2.69 $2.69 $3.42 $3.43 $4.70 $6.75 $7.14 $9.15 $8.78 $9.34 $9.73 $10.24 $10.89 $10.97 $10.60 $10.72 $10.33 $10.13 $10.66 $10.76 $10.76
Debt/Share $1.25 $3.71 $7.11 $7.44 $5.73 $8.12 $8.98 $9.24 $6.89 $6.48 $6.29 $7.72 $14.70 $15.73 $15.20 $15.51 $13.88 $14.22 $13.88 $14.59 $14.59
Net Debt/Share $-0.37 $1.54 $5.06 $5.05 $3.20 $5.86 $6.71 $4.91 $3.56 $3.05 $2.58 $3.58 $10.24 $11.35 $10.33 $11.03 $9.35 $10.12 $8.88 $9.50 $9.50
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 4 3 4 4 6 6 5 6 7 9 5 5 7 5 7 6 6 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.51 -2.11 -1.50 -2.24 -1.67 -2.56 -1.03 -2.46 -1.64 -2.88 -2.75 -2.32 -1.93 -1.87 -2.83 -2.15 -3.21 -3.03 0.62 -2.82 -2.818
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.179
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 56.71%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-4.69
EVA snapshot only $231877932.08
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 80.25 77.75 74.15 75.65 76.25 78.75 78.75 78.75 80.25 81.75 81.75 81.75 74.40 72.55 71.65 71.65 67.80 67.80 67.80 70.05 70.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only -1.600
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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