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Also trades as: SRAIL.SW (SIX) · $vol 6M · 0A0C.L (LSE) · $vol 1M

SRAIF OTC

Stadler Rail AG
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +9.1% 1Y: +13.9% 3Y: -25.8%
$28.47
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Railroads · Tech Score Neutral · Power 50 · $2.8B mcap · 55M float · 0.0005% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade C
Profitability
24
Balance Sheet
51
Earnings Quality
75
Growth
27
Value
—
Momentum
58
Safety
—
Cash Flow
25

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.18
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-5.17
Bankruptcy prob: 0.6%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB-
Score: 53.5/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 2.10x
Accruals: -2.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SRAIF scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SRAIF's score of -2.18 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SRAIF's implied 0.6% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SRAIF receives an estimated rating of BBB- (score: 53.5/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SRAIF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
29.22x
PEG
0.12x
P/S
0.72x
P/B
3.87x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$15.57
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 29.2x earnings, SRAIF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $15.57 per share, 83% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.506
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.846
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.042
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.332
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
7.465
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
17.9%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SRAIF's ROE of 17.9% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 7.46x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance. A tax burden ratio of 0.51 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$11.62
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SRAIF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. SRAIF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $11.62, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 29.2x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1223 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$28.47
Median 1Y
$24.65
5th Pctile
$12.97
95th Pctile
$47.43
Ann. Volatility
37.4%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 12.3% 15.6% 23.4% 29.0% 23.7% 30.6% 21.5% 21.5% 15.8% 17.9% 17.89%
ROA 2.3% 2.5% 4.1% 4.5% 4.1% 4.6% 3.2% 3.0% 2.3% 2.4% 2.40%
ROIC 12.1% 15.0% 30.4% 43.9% 83.6% 37.5% 58.5% 18.5% 15.1% 15.5% 15.55%
ROCE 10.6% 17.3% 25.4% 29.8% 26.6% 22.2% 16.2% 16.0% 17.6% 21.4% 21.39%
Gross Margin 11.7% 9.8% 10.6% 12.1% 10.7% 11.9% 11.1% 11.6% 11.3% 11.4% 11.45%
Operating Margin 7.8% 3.1% 5.9% 3.7% 5.9% 2.4% 3.7% 2.6% 5.6% 4.2% 4.21%
Net Margin 4.9% 0.1% 3.1% 2.0% 4.3% 1.9% 0.7% 1.2% 3.1% 1.7% 1.75%
EBITDA Margin 10.2% 8.0% 8.4% 7.6% 6.9% 7.2% 4.6% 6.8% 8.2% 7.5% 7.51%
FCF Margin 18.6% 10.8% 11.2% 12.3% 19.8% 14.8% 19.3% 5.4% -6.4% -1.2% -1.24%
OCF Margin 22.2% 15.2% 15.7% 17.6% 18.3% 13.1% 17.4% 3.1% -0.9% 3.8% 3.78%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 20.88%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.96%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 10.92%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 11.86%
Cash ROA snapshot only 4.68%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 23.76%
CROIC snapshot only -7.77%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 2.48%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 3.56%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 1.15%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 6.15%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.04%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — 29.219
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — 0.723
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — 3.870
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.122
Graham Number snapshot only $15.57
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.15 1.06 1.07 1.02 1.02 1.03 1.05 1.03 0.96 0.94 0.944
Quick Ratio 0.79 0.67 0.72 0.64 0.64 0.56 0.64 0.51 0.49 0.46 0.463
Debt/Equity 1.71 1.97 1.38 1.34 0.87 1.24 1.21 1.28 1.16 1.20 1.204
Net Debt/Equity 0.40 0.70 0.30 0.08 -0.50 0.15 -0.50 0.56 0.34 0.53 0.535
Debt/Assets 0.33 0.31 0.24 0.21 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.154
Debt/EBITDA 6.61 4.00 1.98 1.51 1.21 1.69 2.02 2.11 2.02 1.82 1.825
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.55 1.43 0.43 0.09 -0.70 0.20 -0.83 0.93 0.59 0.81 0.811
Interest Coverage 3.55 2.24 2.22 2.31 2.88 4.63 22.18 — 13.83 6.39 6.386
Equity Multiplier 5.25 6.29 5.69 6.47 6.34 7.11 7.92 7.70 7.33 7.80 7.799
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.113
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 10.399
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.556
FCF to Debt snapshot only -0.099
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1375.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.48 0.84 1.36 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.34 1.37 1.26 1.33 1.332
Inventory Turnover 1.83 2.80 5.14 5.40 5.44 4.45 4.52 3.86 3.60 3.43 3.429
Receivables Turnover 2.20 11.80 5.45 17.68 7.22 22.84 9.09 8.70 9.49 19.58 19.580
Payables Turnover 9.09 16.22 22.18 29.35 35.07 28.34 25.90 26.38 26.50 27.23 27.231
DSO 166 31 67 21 51 16 40 42 38 19 18.6 days
DIO 199 130 71 68 67 82 81 95 101 106 106.4 days
DPO 40 23 16 12 10 13 14 14 14 13 13.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 325 139 122 76 107 85 107 123 126 112 111.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 6.250
Operating Cycle snapshot only 125.1 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 14.410
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.809
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue — — — — 2.3% 94.7% 15.0% -3.8% -5.7% 5.8% 5.81%
Net Income — — — — 83.3% 1.0% -9.8% -25.2% -35.9% -37.8% -37.80%
EPS — — — — 80.4% 1.0% -10.0% -25.5% -34.8% -37.8% -37.80%
FCF — — — — 2.5% 1.7% 97.3% -57.6% -1.3% -1.1% -1.09%
EBITDA — — — — 1.5% 57.2% -17.6% -30.9% -17.8% -4.0% -4.02%
Op. Income — — — — 1.1% 59.2% -19.1% -31.3% -26.4% -8.6% -8.63%
OCF Growth snapshot only -69.36%
Asset Growth snapshot only 16.87%
Equity Growth snapshot only 6.52%
Debt Growth snapshot only 3.66%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -61.28%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — — — — — — — 0.68 0.83 0.829
Earnings Stability — — — — — — — — 0.04 0.06 0.058
Margin Stability — — — — — — — — 0.96 0.98 0.982
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Earnings Persistence — — — — — — — — 0.86 0.85 0.849
Earnings Smoothness — — — — 0.41 0.33 0.90 0.71 0.56 0.53 0.534
ROE Trend — — — — — — — — -0.03 -0.05 -0.053
Gross Margin Trend — — — — — — — — 0.00 0.00 0.003
FCF Margin Trend — — — — — — — — -0.26 -0.14 -0.140
Sustainable Growth Rate 12.3% 2.7% 11.7% 3.7% 2.1% 5.6% -2.3% 6.2% 2.1% 8.8% 8.78%
Internal Growth Rate 2.4% 0.4% 2.1% 0.6% 0.4% 0.8% — 0.9% 0.3% 1.2% 1.19%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 4.58 5.14 5.18 6.21 6.83 4.27 7.33 1.39 -0.48 2.10 2.102
FCF/OCF 0.84 0.71 0.72 0.70 1.08 1.13 1.11 1.76 7.23 -0.33 -0.327
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.687
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.553
CapEx/Revenue 3.6% 4.4% 4.4% 5.4% 6.1% 6.1% 6.3% 5.7% 5.5% 5.0% 5.02%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.901
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.10 -0.17 -0.23 -0.24 -0.15 -0.20 -0.01 0.03 -0.03 -0.026
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.097
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.637
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — 1.63%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.90 $0.90 $1.80 $1.77 $1.80 $1.80 $1.09 $1.10 $0.70 $0.50
Payout Ratio 0.0% 82.6% 49.8% 87.3% 91.2% 81.8% 1.1% 71.3% 86.9% 50.9% 50.94%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 22.7% 13.4% 20.2% 12.3% 17.0% 13.6% 29.1% — — —
Total Payout Ratio 1.8% 85.3% 51.8% 90.1% 93.4% 84.4% 1.1% 74.7% 91.0% 55.6% 55.55%
Div. Increase Streak — 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.86 0.82 0.87 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.64 0.60 0.50 0.51 0.506
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.72 0.55 0.55 0.58 0.61 0.73 0.88 0.93 0.93 0.85 0.846
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.042
Asset Turnover 0.48 0.84 1.36 1.58 1.53 1.49 1.34 1.37 1.26 1.33 1.332
Equity Multiplier 5.25 6.29 5.69 6.47 5.77 6.71 6.78 7.09 6.84 7.46 7.465
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.08 $1.09 $1.81 $2.06 $1.94 $2.20 $1.62 $1.54 $1.26 $1.37 $1.37
Book Value/Share $8.76 $6.99 $7.73 $7.12 $7.78 $7.40 $7.38 $7.21 $8.13 $7.88 $8.35
Tangible Book/Share $7.11 $5.30 $5.82 $5.13 $7.33 $5.05 $4.72 $4.39 $5.09 $4.78 $4.78
Revenue/Share $22.18 $36.91 $59.68 $72.56 $72.44 $71.80 $68.51 $69.47 $69.36 $75.98 $42.43
FCF/Share $4.13 $3.97 $6.70 $8.90 $14.37 $10.60 $13.19 $3.76 $-4.43 $-0.94 $0.95
OCF/Share $4.93 $5.60 $9.34 $12.79 $13.26 $9.38 $11.91 $2.14 $-0.61 $2.87 $2.92
Cash/Share $11.49 $8.89 $8.32 $8.99 $10.70 $8.08 $12.58 $5.15 $6.65 $5.27 $5.30
EBITDA/Share $2.27 $3.45 $5.36 $6.34 $5.58 $5.42 $4.40 $4.36 $4.66 $5.20 $5.20
Debt/Share $15.00 $13.80 $10.63 $9.57 $6.77 $9.15 $8.91 $9.20 $9.40 $9.49 $9.49
Net Debt/Share $3.51 $4.92 $2.31 $0.58 $-3.93 $1.08 $-3.67 $4.05 $2.76 $4.22 $4.22
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 4 4 4 4 6 7 5 5 3 5 5
Beneish M-Score — — — — -3.42 -3.28 -3.12 -2.36 -1.98 -2.18 -2.180
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -5.167
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 33.44%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-9.23
EVA snapshot only $67088800.13
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB-
Credit Score 48.45 47.30 62.25 62.25 63.75 66.00 75.75 68.30 54.65 53.55 53.550
Credit Grade snapshot only 10
Credit Trend snapshot only -12.450
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 350.000

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