— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: HO.PA (PAR) · $vol 64M · 0IW5.L (LSE) · $vol 26M · 0IW5.IL (IOB) · $vol 26M · THLLY (OTC) · $vol 3M

THLEF OTC

Thales S.A.
1W: +2.0% 1M: -5.0% 3M: -7.2% YTD: -7.1% 1Y: -18.0% 3Y: +84.4% 5Y: +190.1%
$258.49
+8.04 (+3.21%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±6.6%
$225 $242 $258 $275 $292
OTC · Industrials · Aerospace & Defense · Tech Score Sell · Power 35 · $53.1B mcap · 90M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 68% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. THLEF receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B B+
2026-09-30 B+ B
2026-09-18 B B+
2026-09-16 B+ B
2026-08-20 B B+
2026-08-17 B+ B
2026-08-14 B B+
2026-07-27 B+ B
2026-07-06 B B+
2026-07-01 B+ B

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
45
Balance Sheet
63
Earnings Quality
49
Growth
56
Value
—
Momentum
80
Safety
—
Cash Flow
83

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-3.09
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-6.78
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 79.0/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 3.10x
Accruals: -13.8%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. THLEF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. THLEF's score of -3.09 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. THLEF's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. THLEF receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 79.0/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). THLEF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
30.59x
PEG
0.26x
P/S
2.01x
P/B
5.72x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$104.18
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 30.6x earnings, THLEF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $104.18 per share, 148% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.826
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.757
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.093
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.130
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
5.113
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
33.5%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. THLEF's ROE of 33.5% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 5.11x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$478.54
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with THLEF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. THLEF actually compounded EPS at 15.7% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. THLEF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $478.54, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 30.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$258.49
Median 1Y
$273.39
5th Pctile
$143.30
95th Pctile
$522.65
Ann. Volatility
40.6%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 40.7% 39.1% 32.6% 35.2% 32.1% 38.8% 39.0% 34.1% 29.6% 27.4% 26.4% 33.3% 35.9% 38.0% 32.2% 34.9% 33.3% 34.5% 41.8% 33.5% 33.52%
ROA 8.0% 8.1% 7.2% 7.2% 6.9% 7.1% 7.7% 6.1% 5.6% 4.8% 4.9% 6.4% 6.7% 7.3% 6.0% 7.3% 6.6% 6.6% 7.9% 6.6% 6.56%
ROIC 73.2% 70.1% 74.5% 65.6% 76.2% 21.5% 24.6% 20.6% 24.4% 24.1% 25.8% 26.6% 30.4% 29.4% 21.4% 21.6% 24.3% 25.3% 32.8% 39.7% 39.67%
ROCE 22.8% 24.2% 24.1% 23.6% 23.3% 17.8% 15.1% 10.5% 7.2% 7.5% 6.9% 9.2% 9.7% 10.5% 14.6% 17.7% 20.4% 26.2% 26.7% 30.2% 30.25%
Gross Margin 24.7% 23.9% 24.8% 25.8% 24.6% 24.2% 24.9% 20.6% 25.3% 24.1% 25.7% 24.6% 26.0% 26.1% 25.6% 26.4% 25.9% 26.4% 26.5% 27.3% 27.27%
Operating Margin 8.9% 6.0% 8.7% 8.4% 9.4% 6.8% 8.3% 1.6% 9.4% 6.8% 8.5% 7.5% 8.9% 8.8% 8.2% 8.5% 8.1% 9.4% 10.7% 10.5% 10.53%
Net Margin 7.0% 4.2% 4.7% 6.1% 6.2% 6.8% 5.5% 0.8% 4.5% 5.1% 8.4% 6.9% 6.0% 7.4% 3.9% 10.7% 3.6% 6.5% 8.5% 4.4% 4.43%
EBITDA Margin 11.6% 9.4% 11.5% 11.5% 12.2% 8.6% 10.6% 8.3% 10.0% 9.5% 11.2% 9.8% 10.4% 9.7% 14.1% 12.6% 13.3% 13.0% 15.4% 15.4% 15.40%
FCF Margin 6.8% 8.4% 7.5% 6.3% 6.8% 4.9% 6.0% 5.4% 6.8% 8.5% 9.3% 13.4% 13.2% 12.9% 9.5% 6.6% 7.7% 8.1% 10.8% 14.9% 14.88%
OCF Margin 9.7% 11.2% 10.1% 8.7% 9.0% 7.0% 8.5% 7.8% 9.4% 11.0% 12.0% 16.0% 16.2% 16.2% 12.8% 10.0% 10.9% 11.3% 14.0% 18.0% 18.00%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 31.66%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 32.62%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.48%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 31.29%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 26.64%
Cash ROA snapshot only 19.89%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 93.33%
CROIC snapshot only 77.13%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 7.65%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 7.02%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 6.06%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.60%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.591
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.005
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 5.716
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.255
Graham Number snapshot only $104.18
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.06 1.05 1.07 1.13 1.16 0.90 0.91 0.96 1.01 1.00 1.06 1.02 1.01 1.01 0.89 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.84 0.83 0.829
Quick Ratio 0.85 0.83 0.86 0.90 0.95 0.68 0.69 0.73 0.81 0.78 0.88 0.83 0.84 0.81 0.69 0.63 0.64 0.61 0.60 0.58 0.582
Debt/Equity 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.52 0.48 1.35 1.15 1.59 1.48 1.11 0.91 0.71 0.76 0.81 1.23 1.15 1.04 1.02 0.77 0.70 0.696
Net Debt/Equity -0.50 -0.48 -0.55 -0.44 -0.55 0.86 0.61 0.81 0.50 0.44 0.13 0.12 0.02 0.12 0.64 0.63 0.41 0.48 0.21 0.06 0.065
Debt/Assets 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.11 0.11 0.23 0.20 0.24 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.14 0.139
Debt/EBITDA 0.51 0.50 0.52 0.80 0.78 1.98 1.71 2.24 2.27 1.83 1.83 1.57 1.59 1.65 2.11 1.92 1.60 1.36 1.05 0.88 0.880
Net Debt/EBITDA -0.77 -0.74 -0.93 -0.68 -0.91 1.26 0.91 1.14 0.78 0.73 0.27 0.26 0.05 0.24 1.09 1.05 0.62 0.64 0.28 0.08 0.082
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — 89.07 22.78 13.25 7.38 4.44 5.53 6.52 7.87 15.08 15.077
Equity Multiplier 4.89 4.80 4.38 4.75 4.48 6.01 5.73 6.54 6.19 5.46 5.07 4.39 4.80 4.95 5.68 5.24 5.32 5.45 4.91 5.00 4.997
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.191
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 23.286
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.907
FCF to Debt snapshot only 1.180
Defensive Interval snapshot only 748.7 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.36 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.20 1.26 1.23 1.23 1.15 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.10 1.13 1.130
Inventory Turnover 8.49 8.01 8.50 7.65 8.04 7.07 7.88 7.16 8.17 7.19 7.14 6.47 7.04 6.36 6.40 6.20 6.71 6.19 5.78 5.57 5.569
Receivables Turnover 8.16 7.26 10.35 7.37 7.02 6.93 10.99 7.72 8.90 6.83 9.44 6.32 9.76 6.24 9.75 4.79 9.69 5.02 7.52 4.47 4.474
Payables Turnover 9.58 4.14 9.73 4.21 5.47 4.03 9.97 4.45 6.44 4.33 10.41 3.92 10.70 3.77 11.13 3.82 10.47 3.93 11.06 3.79 3.787
DSO 45 50 35 50 52 53 33 47 41 53 39 58 37 58 37 76 38 73 49 82 81.6 days
DIO 43 46 43 48 45 52 46 51 45 51 51 56 52 57 57 59 54 59 63 66 65.5 days
DPO 38 88 38 87 67 91 37 82 57 84 35 93 34 97 33 95 35 93 33 96 96.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 50 8 41 11 31 14 43 16 29 20 55 21 55 19 62 40 57 39 79 51 50.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 11.010
Operating Cycle snapshot only 147.1 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 8.745
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.905
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 12.8% 13.1% 11.4% 9.0% 7.4% 8.2% 13.8% 12.5% 13.9% 10.8% -3.1% -2.5% -4.6% -4.4% 8.5% 10.5% 15.5% 19.1% 18.6% 18.6% 18.57%
Net Income 32.9% 27.9% 9.9% 18.8% -2.9% 10.0% 29.4% 0.7% -3.4% -22.8% -25.3% 21.1% 37.6% 63.8% 36.4% 25.2% 10.6% 1.3% 44.3% -1.4% -1.35%
EPS 30.1% 25.9% 9.3% 18.7% -2.8% 10.1% 29.4% 0.8% -3.1% -22.8% -25.2% 21.2% 38.4% 66.4% 38.3% 29.2% 13.6% 3.2% 47.0% -1.2% -1.18%
FCF 1.2% 1.5% 46.4% -8.7% 6.9% -37.1% -8.0% -3.6% 14.4% 91.4% 49.4% 1.4% 84.1% 46.3% 11.0% -45.3% -32.8% -25.5% 34.4% 1.7% 1.67%
EBITDA 20.6% 15.5% 15.0% 16.9% 14.7% 13.9% 15.1% 1.7% -3.9% -2.1% -11.7% -1.3% 3.1% 1.6% 23.7% 28.7% 42.0% 54.0% 46.0% 44.4% 44.41%
Op. Income 20.1% 16.9% 18.7% 23.5% 18.8% 22.3% 24.2% -6.2% -5.7% -9.6% -21.0% 17.5% 11.7% 18.9% 35.0% 17.3% 21.8% 20.5% 30.9% 34.0% 34.01%
OCF Growth snapshot only 1.13%
Asset Growth snapshot only 4.64%
Equity Growth snapshot only 9.77%
Debt Growth snapshot only -33.81%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.18%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 18.80%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 3.6% 4.5% 4.8% 5.7% 4.6% 6.8% 8.5% 9.8% 11.3% 10.7% 7.1% 6.1% 5.3% 4.6% 6.1% 6.6% 7.9% 8.0% 7.6% 8.5% 8.51%
Revenue 5Y 13.5% 6.6% 5.9% 5.3% 4.5% 4.9% 6.0% 6.0% 6.4% 6.4% 4.9% 5.3% 4.4% 5.2% 6.0% 7.3% 8.7% 9.1% 9.6% 9.4% 9.39%
EPS 3Y — 2.2% 54.9% 35.0% 12.3% 20.4% 20.1% 5.6% 7.0% 2.3% 1.9% 13.2% 9.2% 12.2% 10.2% 16.4% 15.1% 9.8% 15.0% 15.7% 15.67%
EPS 5Y 21.1% 10.0% 3.3% 2.8% 1.1% 14.3% 40.0% 1.3% — 95.8% 29.2% 24.6% 13.7% 17.5% 12.4% 13.0% 14.0% 12.9% 16.6% 13.1% 13.10%
Net Income 3Y — 2.3% 59.0% 38.0% 14.8% 23.0% 22.0% 6.8% 7.6% 2.8% 2.1% 13.2% 8.9% 11.6% 9.7% 15.2% 13.7% 8.6% 13.7% 14.4% 14.37%
Net Income 5Y 25.3% 11.8% 5.0% 4.5% 2.8% 16.3% 42.5% 1.3% — 99.0% 31.2% 26.2% 15.0% 18.7% 13.1% 13.1% 13.7% 12.5% 15.9% 12.3% 12.35%
EBITDA 3Y 1.1% 52.2% 30.9% 19.6% 9.6% 12.3% 11.8% 11.8% 10.0% 8.8% 5.3% 5.5% 4.4% 4.2% 7.9% 8.9% 12.1% 15.3% 16.8% 22.4% 22.44%
EBITDA 5Y 7.0% 1.1% 5.9% 6.0% 5.4% 12.2% 23.5% 33.8% 58.6% 31.5% 17.9% 11.4% 5.5% 7.1% 8.9% 12.2% 14.2% 15.0% 16.1% 16.9% 16.88%
Gross Profit 3Y 17.1% 15.1% 13.1% 11.7% 7.2% 9.3% 10.5% 9.4% 10.9% 10.1% 6.7% 7.4% 6.7% 6.8% 8.0% 8.4% 9.6% 9.8% 9.7% 12.7% 12.66%
Gross Profit 5Y 13.9% 7.4% 7.2% 7.4% 7.0% 8.8% 11.3% 11.9% 14.3% 12.6% 9.5% 9.0% 6.3% 7.4% 7.9% 9.2% 10.4% 10.6% 11.4% 11.5% 11.53%
Op. Income 3Y — 2.5% 63.4% 40.2% 18.1% 22.1% 18.7% 10.0% 10.4% 8.9% 5.2% 10.8% 7.8% 9.5% 9.8% 8.9% 8.7% 9.0% 11.8% 22.7% 22.68%
Op. Income 5Y 20.3% 9.9% 7.3% 8.2% 7.9% 18.9% 40.8% 1.2% — 1.1% 33.7% 24.9% 11.7% 14.4% 12.3% 12.9% 12.9% 13.1% 15.5% 16.4% 16.41%
FCF 3Y 12.9% 38.3% 62.9% 1.4% 33.0% 73.5% 26.4% 36.9% 38.2% 44.5% 26.3% 28.6% 31.1% 20.7% 15.1% 8.4% 12.3% 27.7% 30.6% 52.2% 52.19%
FCF 5Y 34.3% 21.6% 11.1% 4.3% 3.2% -3.6% 0.8% 2.1% 12.0% 26.1% 42.8% 1.0% 37.8% 71.0% 27.4% 27.7% 26.7% 26.9% 24.6% 25.4% 25.42%
OCF 3Y 18.7% 33.7% 40.5% 53.0% 20.7% 29.8% 17.4% 21.4% 26.3% 30.4% 19.2% 22.4% 25.0% 18.5% 14.8% 11.9% 14.7% 26.5% 27.2% 43.4% 43.36%
OCF 5Y 21.5% 16.5% 11.9% 8.5% 9.2% 3.6% 8.0% 8.1% 14.6% 23.1% 29.2% 48.8% 28.0% 39.8% 20.9% 19.9% 20.8% 20.9% 20.5% 21.9% 21.92%
Assets 3Y 6.1% 6.5% 3.4% 5.3% 6.1% 13.7% 13.3% 19.1% 16.7% 15.4% 15.1% 14.3% 14.9% 15.5% 18.5% 15.7% 16.2% 8.0% 7.8% 8.1% 8.05%
Assets 5Y 8.6% 6.9% 5.7% 6.7% 7.3% 11.5% 11.6% 10.7% 10.8% 10.3% 9.3% 9.6% 10.0% 10.9% 12.5% 15.3% 14.9% 14.1% 12.7% 12.4% 12.38%
Equity 3Y 8.1% 8.0% 8.9% 7.5% 7.6% 12.2% 11.7% 5.9% 10.9% 10.9% 11.7% 19.4% 15.6% 14.3% 8.6% 12.0% 9.7% 11.6% 13.5% 18.2% 18.19%
Book Value 3Y 5.1% 5.1% 6.1% 5.2% 5.2% 9.9% 9.9% 4.7% 10.2% 10.3% 11.6% 19.4% 16.0% 15.0% 9.2% 13.2% 11.0% 12.9% 14.8% 19.5% 19.53%
Dividend 3Y 4.8% 7.9% 7.7% 8.7% 8.8% 6.9% 7.7% -8.2% -9.7% -15.3% -16.1% 17.3% 21.8% 32.9% 34.3% 14.0% 12.4% 9.2% 8.8% 7.0% 7.05%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.77 0.88 0.93 0.92 0.75 0.80 0.79 0.82 0.80 0.86 0.83 0.90 0.84 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.91 0.90 0.88 0.88 0.879
Earnings Stability 0.24 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.27 0.69 0.95 0.85 0.67 0.66 0.68 0.86 0.81 0.68 0.64 0.88 0.82 0.66 0.65 0.92 0.923
Margin Stability 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.88 0.85 0.88 0.90 0.93 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.951
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.87 0.89 0.96 0.92 0.99 0.96 0.88 1.00 0.99 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.85 0.50 0.85 0.90 0.96 0.99 0.82 0.99 0.995
Earnings Smoothness 0.72 0.76 0.91 0.83 0.97 0.90 0.74 0.99 0.97 0.74 0.71 0.81 0.68 0.52 0.69 0.78 0.90 0.99 0.64 0.99 0.986
ROE Trend 0.08 0.06 -0.00 -0.01 -0.06 0.03 0.07 0.03 -0.02 -0.11 -0.10 -0.07 0.01 0.02 -0.00 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.11 0.01 0.006
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.010
FCF Margin Trend 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.01 0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.03 0.01 0.05 0.049
Sustainable Growth Rate 28.1% 25.1% 19.7% 20.5% 18.0% 22.4% 23.4% 22.8% 19.5% 18.1% 17.9% 18.6% 20.0% 19.8% 14.2% 17.2% 15.0% 14.0% 21.7% 13.1% 13.10%
Internal Growth Rate 5.9% 5.5% 4.6% 4.4% 4.0% 4.3% 4.8% 4.2% 3.8% 3.3% 3.5% 3.7% 3.9% 4.0% 2.7% 3.7% 3.0% 2.8% 4.3% 2.6% 2.63%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.64 1.90 1.88 1.56 1.69 1.18 1.38 1.58 2.06 2.65 2.52 2.61 2.48 2.28 2.16 1.44 1.73 1.86 1.93 3.10 3.103
FCF/OCF 0.70 0.75 0.74 0.73 0.75 0.70 0.71 0.69 0.73 0.77 0.78 0.83 0.81 0.80 0.74 0.66 0.71 0.72 0.77 0.83 0.826
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 2.565
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.256
CapEx/Revenue 2.9% 2.8% 2.7% 2.4% 2.2% 2.1% 2.4% 2.4% 2.5% 2.6% 2.6% 2.7% 3.1% 3.3% 3.3% 3.4% 3.2% 3.2% 3.1% 3.1% 3.12%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.618
Accruals Ratio -0.05 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.05 -0.01 -0.03 -0.04 -0.06 -0.08 -0.07 -0.10 -0.10 -0.09 -0.07 -0.03 -0.05 -0.06 -0.07 -0.14 -0.138
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.079
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.704
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.75%
Dividend/Share $2.48 $2.92 $3.03 $3.33 $3.42 $3.81 $3.97 $2.67 $2.58 $2.36 $2.36 $4.31 $4.63 $5.52 $5.70 $6.37 $6.51 $7.09 $7.23 $7.57 $3.90
Payout Ratio 31.0% 35.7% 39.7% 41.7% 44.0% 42.4% 40.2% 33.3% 34.1% 33.9% 31.9% 44.3% 44.4% 47.8% 55.8% 50.7% 54.9% 59.4% 48.1% 60.9% 60.92%
FCF Payout Ratio 26.9% 24.9% 28.7% 36.7% 34.7% 51.6% 40.8% 30.6% 22.7% 16.7% 16.2% 20.4% 22.1% 26.3% 34.9% 53.4% 45.0% 44.5% 32.3% 23.8% 23.75%
Total Payout Ratio 33.5% 38.1% 44.7% 46.5% 48.2% 46.0% 42.7% 36.7% 36.1% 36.5% 34.2% 51.8% 61.5% 72.0% 95.1% 85.3% 86.3% 81.9% 58.5% 66.3% 66.30%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.72 0.72 0.76 0.79 0.83 0.87 0.88 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.91 1.03 1.03 0.97 0.96 0.83 0.826
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.08 1.07 0.99 0.96 0.91 1.06 1.27 1.37 1.75 1.60 1.61 1.68 1.68 1.70 1.10 0.98 0.81 0.73 0.87 0.76 0.757
EBIT Margin 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.093
Asset Turnover 1.36 1.38 1.34 1.31 1.29 1.20 1.26 1.23 1.23 1.15 1.04 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.01 1.04 1.05 1.09 1.10 1.13 1.130
Equity Multiplier 5.07 4.81 4.50 4.86 4.66 5.42 5.06 5.61 5.29 5.72 5.37 5.23 5.38 5.17 5.38 4.81 5.07 5.20 5.27 5.11 5.113
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $8.01 $8.18 $7.63 $7.97 $7.78 $9.01 $9.87 $8.03 $7.54 $6.95 $7.38 $9.73 $10.44 $11.56 $10.22 $12.58 $11.86 $11.93 $15.02 $12.43 $12.43
Book Value/Share $21.72 $22.32 $24.98 $24.34 $26.70 $24.11 $25.57 $22.73 $24.16 $26.58 $30.43 $35.63 $33.89 $33.91 $32.54 $35.29 $36.48 $34.66 $38.67 $38.81 $39.01
Tangible Book/Share $1.20 $2.30 $4.70 $4.25 $6.96 $-18.24 $-15.69 $-18.17 $-14.92 $-11.67 $-3.16 $2.64 $0.65 $1.06 $-15.99 $-19.44 $-19.01 $-17.10 $-12.41 $-12.26 $-12.26
Revenue/Share $135.48 $139.35 $141.23 $144.09 $145.61 $150.88 $160.77 $162.16 $166.26 $167.14 $155.84 $158.16 $159.47 $162.29 $171.52 $180.41 $189.33 $196.93 $207.33 $214.31 $111.05
FCF/Share $9.24 $11.74 $10.55 $9.06 $9.88 $7.39 $9.72 $8.74 $11.34 $14.13 $14.53 $21.15 $20.99 $21.00 $16.36 $11.93 $14.49 $15.93 $22.41 $31.88 $19.32
OCF/Share $13.13 $15.58 $14.31 $12.48 $13.15 $10.59 $13.60 $12.66 $15.56 $18.43 $18.63 $25.38 $25.90 $26.33 $22.02 $18.07 $20.55 $22.19 $28.93 $38.57 $22.80
Cash/Share $18.10 $17.95 $21.61 $23.45 $27.58 $11.91 $13.76 $17.67 $23.51 $17.81 $23.72 $20.95 $25.04 $23.48 $19.44 $18.50 $23.14 $18.88 $21.79 $24.51 $24.60
EBITDA/Share $14.20 $14.47 $14.93 $15.90 $16.30 $16.50 $17.18 $16.18 $15.71 $16.15 $15.18 $15.98 $16.28 $16.66 $19.06 $21.23 $23.76 $26.15 $28.34 $30.71 $30.71
Debt/Share $7.23 $7.27 $7.79 $12.67 $12.79 $32.63 $29.45 $36.17 $35.70 $29.55 $27.81 $25.13 $25.84 $27.49 $40.18 $40.76 $37.97 $35.52 $29.75 $27.03 $27.03
Net Debt/Share $-10.87 $-10.68 $-13.82 $-10.78 $-14.79 $20.72 $15.69 $18.49 $12.19 $11.74 $4.10 $4.18 $0.81 $4.00 $20.74 $22.26 $14.83 $16.64 $7.95 $2.52 $2.52
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 7 8 7 6 5 6 4 6 6 7 8 7 8 5 7 6 6 8 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.59 -2.70 -2.81 -2.62 -2.45 -2.20 -2.06 -2.29 -2.60 -2.86 -2.91 -3.01 -2.99 -2.94 -2.51 -2.35 -2.30 -2.43 -2.48 -3.09 -3.090
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -6.784
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-48.83
EVA snapshot only $2526048682.39
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 63.35 71.00 61.85 69.50 71.60 76.25 78.75 78.75 76.25 68.50 56.70 67.50 68.10 73.75 79.00 79.000
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 22.300
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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