— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0028.HK (HKSE) · $vol 0M

TIACF OTC

Tian An China Investments Company Limited
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +0.0% 1Y: +16.3% 3Y: +19.5% 5Y: +17.6%
$0.57
-0.00 (-0.00%)
 
OTC · Real Estate · Real Estate - Development · Tech Score Neutral · Power 54 · $840.4M mcap · 453M float · 0.0000% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
22
Balance Sheet
82
Earnings Quality
87
Growth
40
Value
—
Momentum
70
Safety
—
Cash Flow
58

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
0.12
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.65
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 75.2/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 3.15x
Accruals: -4.0%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. TIACF scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. TIACF's score of 0.12 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. TIACF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. TIACF receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 75.2/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). TIACF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-4.78x
PEG
0.03x
P/S
1.38x
P/B
0.17x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$17.70
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. TIACF currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $17.70 per share, suggesting a potential 2988% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.333
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.639
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.358
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.246
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.983
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
3.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. TIACF's ROE of 3.7% is driven by a balanced combination of operating margin, asset efficiency, and leverage. A tax burden ratio of 0.33 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$6.02
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with TIACF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. TIACF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $6.02, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of -4.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$0.57
Median 1Y
$0.59
5th Pctile
$0.38
95th Pctile
$0.89
Ann. Volatility
25.2%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 46.6% 50.6% 38.3% 39.8% 14.6% 10.6% 10.9% 8.3% 7.9% 5.9% 7.9% 9.0% 11.3% 12.1% 10.0% 8.9% 3.8% 10.1% 5.6% 3.7% 3.72%
ROA 26.8% 29.5% 22.6% 23.8% 9.1% 6.6% 6.6% 5.1% 4.8% 3.4% 4.6% 5.3% 6.4% 6.7% 5.5% 4.8% 1.9% 5.3% 2.9% 1.9% 1.88%
ROIC -0.2% -0.0% 0.8% 3.6% 2.9% 3.2% 3.0% 1.3% 1.4% 0.7% 1.9% 2.5% 5.0% 6.4% 4.8% 4.3% 1.8% 11.0% 8.2% 5.6% 5.55%
ROCE 20.8% 19.3% 18.8% 21.3% 3.2% 3.8% 5.0% 3.1% 3.4% 2.8% 3.9% 4.4% 7.5% 7.9% 5.6% 5.4% 1.6% 13.3% 12.9% 12.8% 12.81%
Gross Margin 28.6% 53.7% 49.7% 43.0% 36.2% 45.4% 39.9% 43.9% 36.5% 56.1% 53.6% 56.9% 40.6% 35.5% 29.1% 34.7% 33.9% 56.9% 27.4% 32.5% 32.50%
Operating Margin 9.8% 8.5% 5.2% 35.1% 11.8% 28.1% 1.2% 15.6% 16.6% 10.8% 34.9% 37.9% 32.4% 13.0% 10.8% 15.6% 5.7% 53.3% 6.8% 12.2% 12.20%
Net Margin 3.5% 3.3% 63.0% 35.5% 44.3% 84.8% 40.5% 24.0% 27.4% 70.4% 51.8% 46.1% 26.5% 51.1% 38.7% 5.0% -19.5% 27.0% -31.5% -26.7% -26.69%
EBITDA Margin 12.2% 14.8% 9.4% 36.1% 14.1% 28.0% 37.8% 28.4% 19.6% 20.6% 41.8% 40.1% 33.7% 17.2% 16.2% 18.9% 0.9% 53.9% 10.2% 15.4% 15.39%
FCF Margin -84.0% -54.9% -31.1% -4.6% 6.3% -1.6% -1.2% -24.2% -4.2% -4.6% 12.3% 36.0% 1.1% 1.1% 1.2% 1.1% 99.5% 43.9% 32.8% 20.2% 20.17%
OCF Margin -83.1% -53.8% -29.9% -4.0% 6.9% -1.3% -0.9% -22.8% -2.7% -2.9% 14.6% 37.5% 1.1% 1.2% 1.2% 1.1% 1.1% 46.9% 36.1% 24.0% 24.00%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.98%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 12.69%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.76%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.64%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 4.51%
Cash ROA snapshot only 5.80%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 11.53%
CROIC snapshot only 9.70%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 11.55%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 22.89%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.31%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -4.775
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.381
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.167
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.032
Graham Number snapshot only $17.70
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.03 2.24 2.23 2.19 1.61 1.57 1.56 1.32 1.89 1.59 1.44 1.33 1.28 1.24 1.18 1.14 1.08 1.15 1.11 1.08 1.079
Quick Ratio 1.23 1.31 1.36 1.38 0.84 0.82 1.01 0.83 1.01 0.80 0.73 0.55 0.83 0.83 0.73 0.65 0.61 0.66 0.56 0.47 0.466
Debt/Equity 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.25 0.34 0.27 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.26 0.20 0.22 0.220
Net Debt/Equity -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 0.05 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.13 0.05 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.02 -0.13 0.03 0.07 -0.10 -0.12 -0.10 -0.02 -0.017
Debt/Assets 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.20 0.16 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.112
Debt/EBITDA 25.29 25.65 12.57 4.09 4.24 4.06 3.09 4.86 5.01 8.18 5.03 3.97 2.20 2.18 4.10 4.14 10.50 1.46 1.13 1.24 1.236
Net Debt/EBITDA -6.56 -4.65 -1.39 0.97 1.94 1.47 0.98 2.68 0.93 3.41 2.47 1.90 0.23 -1.21 0.40 0.83 -3.39 -0.65 -0.54 -0.09 -0.094
Interest Coverage — — — — — 10.96 6.57 2.60 2.30 1.77 2.40 2.43 3.87 4.25 4.41 4.94 1.64 21.76 15.46 16.80 16.796
Equity Multiplier 1.57 1.56 1.59 1.54 1.63 1.64 1.69 1.72 1.66 1.75 1.71 1.68 1.83 1.88 1.96 2.01 2.21 1.94 1.96 1.96 1.957
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.373
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 17.653
Cash to Debt snapshot only 1.076
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.433
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1915.5 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.246
Inventory Turnover 0.35 0.30 0.31 0.48 0.44 0.49 0.63 0.54 0.42 0.34 0.41 0.41 0.60 0.63 0.65 0.66 0.45 0.91 0.84 0.73 0.725
Receivables Turnover 14.43 13.74 4.41 12.53 12.13 12.85 11.05 8.21 27.21 20.85 9.73 9.95 31.63 42.61 28.16 25.81 10.07 47.98 68.68 56.27 56.271
Payables Turnover 5.04 4.94 2.31 4.19 2.71 3.48 3.76 3.23 3.15 2.95 2.53 3.29 4.64 6.02 2.55 5.78 2.00 6.81 3.99 8.57 8.570
DSO 25 27 83 29 30 28 33 44 13 18 38 37 12 9 13 14 36 8 5 6 6.5 days
DIO 1051 1211 1185 758 828 744 576 682 878 1078 880 895 609 583 564 556 804 402 437 503 503.3 days
DPO 72 74 158 87 135 105 97 113 116 124 144 111 79 61 143 63 183 54 92 43 42.6 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 1004 1164 1109 701 723 668 512 613 776 972 773 820 542 531 434 507 658 356 351 467 467.2 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.374
Operating Cycle snapshot only 509.8 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.996
Capital Intensity snapshot only 4.140
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 25.2% 39.8% 59.2% 1.6% 50.6% 71.8% 83.3% -19.3% 4.0% -16.5% -10.5% 25.5% 67.2% 1.0% 59.5% 69.7% -24.4% 61.2% 71.7% 60.2% 60.24%
Net Income 13.6% 15.0% 1.7% 1.5% -60.2% -74.5% -66.6% -75.8% -40.6% -40.6% -21.1% 15.7% 50.7% 1.1% 34.1% 6.0% -65.9% -12.4% -43.1% -56.8% -56.82%
EPS 13.6% 15.0% 1.7% 1.5% -60.2% -74.5% -66.5% -75.7% -40.3% -40.4% -19.9% 18.4% 54.2% 1.2% 35.6% 6.0% -65.9% -12.4% -43.1% -56.8% -56.82%
FCF -28.5% 27.9% 63.6% 91.6% 1.1% 95.1% 93.1% -3.2% -1.7% -1.4% 10.4% 2.9% 44.4% 51.2% 14.5% 4.0% -30.8% -37.5% -52.9% -69.7% -69.75%
EBITDA -79.0% -7.4% 3.9% 13.0% 7.0% 7.3% 4.0% -4.5% 14.6% -16.6% -12.9% 46.7% 1.1% 1.6% 48.8% 32.6% -71.9% 85.9% 1.3% 1.4% 1.37%
Op. Income -1.1% 92.9% 1.7% 4.3% 23.5% 381.7% 4.9% -48.5% -32.7% -63.7% -6.3% 1.5% 2.6% 4.6% 74.9% 39.8% -73.7% 99.8% 1.5% 1.6% 1.62%
OCF Growth snapshot only -65.26%
Asset Growth snapshot only 3.98%
Equity Growth snapshot only 6.92%
Debt Growth snapshot only -29.11%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -44.49%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -7.9% -12.0% -16.1% -1.0% -4.7% -0.4% 15.4% 6.5% 25.2% 26.1% 37.7% 38.5% 37.9% 42.6% 37.8% 19.8% 9.6% 39.6% 34.8% 50.6% 50.56%
Revenue 5Y -3.1% -1.4% 5.1% 18.3% 20.7% 20.6% 18.7% 7.3% 4.1% -0.5% -0.7% -0.3% 8.5% 10.7% 17.0% 20.8% 19.9% 45.5% 48.2% 48.5% 48.53%
EPS 3Y 27.0% 35.3% 27.6% 37.3% 20.1% 14.9% 45.2% 29.8% 51.5% 34.4% -10.7% -9.9% -28.5% -30.7% -28.6% -32.7% -32.0% 4.7% -14.8% -18.5% -18.47%
EPS 5Y 76.0% 75.3% 51.6% 47.6% 12.7% 3.4% -0.5% -8.8% -13.4% -17.8% -11.1% -5.7% 9.8% 14.7% 27.2% 22.4% 12.8% 36.1% -11.3% -19.6% -19.64%
Net Income 3Y 27.0% 35.3% 27.6% 37.3% 20.1% 14.9% 45.2% 29.7% 51.3% 34.2% -11.2% -10.7% -29.1% -31.3% -29.3% -33.3% -32.6% 3.7% -15.6% -19.1% -19.10%
Net Income 5Y 89.2% 80.8% 56.4% 47.4% 12.6% 3.4% -0.5% -8.9% -13.5% -17.9% -11.3% -6.2% 9.2% 14.1% 26.5% 21.7% 12.2% 35.4% -11.8% -20.1% -20.08%
EBITDA 3Y -70.2% -68.7% -59.2% -37.0% -33.1% -28.0% -8.7% -14.2% 24.5% 86.0% — — 1.7% 1.6% 85.8% 22.9% -11.7% 58.4% 44.2% 66.6% 66.56%
EBITDA 5Y -35.3% -36.1% -29.7% -12.2% -15.8% -14.8% -13.6% -23.1% -24.6% -26.7% -21.8% -18.9% -6.0% -4.5% -0.3% 4.2% 3.0% 98.3% — — —
Gross Profit 3Y -17.9% -17.7% -16.7% 0.6% 1.5% 6.0% 21.2% 10.9% 29.9% 31.7% 55.9% 57.4% 57.4% 54.8% 37.8% 15.7% -0.2% 45.0% 41.2% 57.7% 57.74%
Gross Profit 5Y 7.4% 8.0% 9.4% 22.7% 23.9% 22.4% 18.3% 6.3% 2.2% -1.1% 2.5% 4.6% 14.4% 16.0% 19.2% 20.8% 17.6% 54.0% 60.3% 59.2% 59.17%
Op. Income 3Y — — -64.8% -37.7% -32.9% -26.4% -13.1% -27.8% 17.9% — — — — — 1.1% 22.4% -13.7% 60.0% 60.1% 1.1% 1.11%
Op. Income 5Y — — -35.3% -12.6% -16.3% -14.6% -18.2% -32.7% -32.8% -37.9% -24.9% -20.5% -5.9% -4.0% 1.4% 6.1% 9.3% — — — —
FCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.8% — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
OCF 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.7% — — — —
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Assets 3Y 19.9% 19.7% 19.7% 16.5% 17.9% 16.9% 15.7% 12.5% 14.6% 14.0% 14.4% 12.9% 13.5% 11.9% 12.9% 14.1% 14.4% 12.2% 10.9% 11.4% 11.45%
Assets 5Y 28.2% 26.6% 27.9% 19.7% 21.3% 21.6% 21.4% 16.5% 16.9% 17.4% 16.9% 14.4% 15.7% 14.7% 15.1% 13.7% 15.6% 12.6% 12.2% 12.4% 12.42%
Equity 3Y 23.9% 21.6% 20.7% 19.2% 21.6% 21.6% 21.0% 18.9% 21.9% 17.8% 17.2% 16.4% 7.7% 5.1% 5.1% 4.5% 3.4% 6.2% 5.7% 6.8% 6.81%
Book Value 3Y 23.9% 21.6% 20.7% 19.2% 21.6% 21.6% 21.1% 19.1% 22.1% 18.0% 17.8% 17.5% 8.7% 6.1% 6.1% 5.4% 4.3% 7.1% 6.7% 7.6% 7.64%
Dividend 3Y 26.0% -9.9% -3.1% -14.1% -7.2% 38.7% 38.7% 26.1% 26.1% -0.0% 0.4% 0.5% 0.5% 4.1% 4.1% 4.5% 4.5% -17.0% -17.1% -17.2% -17.17%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.09 0.06 0.01 0.10 0.19 0.21 0.38 0.26 0.24 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.25 0.26 0.66 0.64 0.72 0.80 0.83 0.86 0.855
Earnings Stability 0.37 0.36 0.46 0.46 0.14 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.03 0.28 0.34 0.341
Margin Stability 0.72 0.78 0.90 0.92 0.88 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.86 0.91 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.89 0.90 0.87 0.86 0.90 0.85 0.84 0.838
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.84 0.92 0.94 0.50 0.50 0.86 0.98 0.50 0.95 0.83 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.49 0.76 0.85 0.60 0.27 0.71 0.94 0.02 0.87 0.45 0.21 0.206
ROE Trend 0.29 0.35 0.22 0.22 -0.07 -0.13 -0.14 -0.18 -0.19 -0.21 -0.15 -0.13 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.01 -0.06 0.01 -0.03 -0.05 -0.051
Gross Margin Trend -0.05 -0.01 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.03 -0.05 -0.09 -0.11 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.045
FCF Margin Trend -0.03 0.37 0.75 1.08 0.89 0.79 0.82 0.50 0.35 0.24 0.28 0.50 1.08 1.16 1.14 1.01 0.47 -0.10 -0.33 -0.51 -0.512
Sustainable Growth Rate 44.5% 49.4% 37.2% 38.3% 13.2% 8.0% 8.4% 5.7% 5.5% 3.5% 5.6% 6.6% 9.0% 9.6% 7.6% 6.5% 1.3% 8.7% 4.3% 2.4% 2.41%
Internal Growth Rate 34.4% 40.5% 28.1% 29.8% 9.0% 5.3% 5.4% 3.6% 3.5% 2.1% 3.4% 4.1% 5.4% 5.6% 4.3% 3.6% 0.7% 4.8% 2.2% 1.2% 1.23%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -0.29 -0.16 -0.12 -0.02 0.09 -0.03 -0.02 -0.46 -0.06 -0.08 0.35 0.83 2.84 3.00 3.51 3.92 6.13 2.25 3.13 3.15 3.151
FCF/OCF 1.01 1.02 1.04 1.16 0.91 1.22 1.25 1.07 1.54 1.56 0.84 0.96 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.93 0.94 0.91 0.84 0.841
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 2.649
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.637
CapEx/Revenue 0.9% 1.2% 1.1% 0.6% 0.6% 0.3% 0.2% 1.5% 1.5% 1.6% 2.3% 1.5% 0.9% 1.9% 3.0% 3.8% 7.5% 3.0% 3.3% 3.8% 3.82%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 2.090
Accruals Ratio 0.35 0.34 0.25 0.24 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.12 -0.13 -0.14 -0.14 -0.10 -0.07 -0.06 -0.04 -0.040
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.023
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.686
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.07%
Dividend/Share $0.25 $0.15 $0.15 $0.20 $0.20 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.40 $0.45 $0.45 $0.45 $0.45 $0.25 $0.25 $0.25 $0.20
Payout Ratio 4.5% 2.3% 2.9% 3.7% 9.1% 24.2% 23.2% 30.7% 30.6% 40.7% 29.3% 26.2% 20.1% 20.8% 24.0% 27.4% 65.3% 13.2% 23.5% 35.3% 35.29%
FCF Payout Ratio — — — — 1.1% — — — — — 98.8% 32.9% 7.1% 7.0% 7.0% 7.3% 11.4% 6.3% 8.3% 13.3% 13.32%
Total Payout Ratio 4.5% 2.3% 2.9% 3.7% 9.1% 24.2% 24.0% 31.8% 31.7% 42.1% 36.9% 33.0% 25.3% 25.7% 24.0% 27.4% 65.3% 13.2% 23.5% 35.3% 35.29%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.88 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.75 0.83 0.98 1.18 1.32 1.00 0.64 0.67 0.68 0.75 0.87 0.83 0.84 0.52 0.42 0.33 0.333
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.69 1.94 1.52 1.43 4.38 2.43 1.64 1.69 1.29 1.51 2.27 2.17 1.65 1.54 1.49 1.43 2.13 1.07 0.76 0.64 0.639
EBIT Margin 1.91 1.97 1.94 1.35 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.29 0.31 0.35 0.33 0.27 0.24 0.10 0.38 0.36 0.36 0.358
Asset Turnover 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.11 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.246
Equity Multiplier 1.74 1.71 1.69 1.67 1.60 1.60 1.64 1.63 1.65 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.75 1.82 1.84 1.85 2.02 1.91 1.96 1.98 1.983
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $5.52 $6.49 $5.15 $5.37 $2.19 $1.65 $1.72 $1.31 $1.31 $0.98 $1.38 $1.55 $2.02 $2.16 $1.87 $1.64 $0.69 $1.89 $1.06 $0.71 $0.71
Book Value/Share $14.28 $15.03 $15.55 $15.71 $15.85 $16.06 $16.11 $15.77 $17.10 $17.44 $18.60 $18.32 $18.34 $17.93 $18.57 $18.40 $18.00 $19.75 $19.54 $19.67 $20.78
Tangible Book/Share $14.23 $14.99 $15.51 $15.66 $15.82 $16.05 $16.10 $15.77 $17.10 $17.44 $18.60 $18.32 $18.33 $17.93 $18.57 $18.39 $17.99 $19.74 $19.54 $19.67 $19.67
Revenue/Share $1.94 $1.90 $2.00 $3.28 $2.92 $3.26 $3.66 $2.66 $3.05 $2.73 $3.33 $3.42 $5.23 $5.64 $5.37 $5.80 $3.95 $9.10 $9.21 $9.30 $2.39
FCF/Share $-1.63 $-1.04 $-0.62 $-0.15 $0.18 $-0.05 $-0.04 $-0.64 $-0.13 $-0.12 $0.41 $1.23 $5.68 $6.39 $6.42 $6.20 $3.93 $4.00 $3.02 $1.88 $-1.64
OCF/Share $-1.61 $-1.02 $-0.60 $-0.13 $0.20 $-0.04 $-0.03 $-0.61 $-0.08 $-0.08 $0.49 $1.28 $5.73 $6.49 $6.58 $6.42 $4.23 $4.27 $3.33 $2.23 $-1.39
Cash/Share $2.94 $3.19 $3.23 $2.40 $1.71 $2.27 $2.42 $1.62 $3.47 $3.50 $2.60 $2.30 $3.67 $6.52 $5.64 $4.89 $7.28 $7.55 $5.89 $4.66 $4.66
EBITDA/Share $0.09 $0.11 $0.23 $0.77 $0.74 $0.88 $1.15 $0.74 $0.85 $0.73 $1.01 $1.11 $1.87 $1.93 $1.52 $1.47 $0.52 $3.58 $3.52 $3.50 $3.50
Debt/Share $2.33 $2.70 $2.91 $3.15 $3.14 $3.56 $3.54 $3.60 $4.26 $6.01 $5.09 $4.42 $4.10 $4.20 $6.24 $6.11 $5.50 $5.23 $3.99 $4.33 $4.33
Net Debt/Share $-0.61 $-0.49 $-0.32 $0.75 $1.43 $1.29 $1.12 $1.98 $0.79 $2.50 $2.50 $2.11 $0.43 $-2.33 $0.60 $1.22 $-1.78 $-2.32 $-1.91 $-0.33 $-0.33
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 7 7 6 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 7 8 7 6 5 4 6 5 6 6
Beneish M-Score 48.71 191.32 -1.15 2.42 -3.49 -1.41 -1.75 -1.87 16.52 -2.20 -1.94 -2.62 -0.13 -2.23 -3.67 -2.98 -3.37 2.26 2.48 0.12 0.116
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.655
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 1.23%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-4.23
EVA snapshot only $-1261113324.62
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 49.15 49.15 61.65 63.65 64.50 61.10 58.80 47.25 48.80 43.10 47.45 53.55 67.50 67.50 64.50 64.50 55.25 80.25 79.00 75.25 75.250
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 10.750
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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