— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 0696.HK (HKSE) · $vol 4M · TSYHY (OTC) · $vol 0M

TSYHF OTC

TravelSky Technology Limited
1W: +0.9% 1M: +3.6% 3M: +11.7% YTD: -14.8% 1Y: -14.8% 3Y: -29.0% 5Y: -35.0%
$1.15
-0.02 (-1.65%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±7.9%
$1 $1 $1 $1 $1
OTC · Technology · Information Technology Services · Tech Score Buy · Power 66 · $3.4B mcap · 933M float · 0.0043% daily turnover · Short 45% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
3
P/E
4
P/B
5
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. TSYHF receives an overall rating of A+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (4/5), P/E (4/5), P/B (5/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-25 A A+
2026-05-18 A+ A
2026-05-04 A A+
2026-04-01 A+ A
2026-03-30 A A+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
88
Balance Sheet
98
Earnings Quality
66
Growth
77
Value
—
Momentum
100
Safety
—
Cash Flow
93

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.48
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.88
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
AA-
Score: 82.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.32x
Accruals: -4.5%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. TSYHF scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. TSYHF's score of -2.48 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. TSYHF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. TSYHF receives an estimated rating of AA- (score: 82.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). TSYHF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
9.01x
PEG
0.60x
P/S
2.47x
P/B
0.89x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$17.35
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 9.0x earnings, TSYHF trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $17.35 per share, suggesting a potential 1410% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.881
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.133
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.262
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.539
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.396
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
19.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. TSYHF's ROE of 19.7% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.539), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
12.90%
Fair P/E
34.30x
Intrinsic Value
$53.64
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with TSYHF's realized 12.9% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. TSYHF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $53.64, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 34.3x compares to the current market P/E of 9.0x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$1.15
Median 1Y
$0.71
5th Pctile
$0.14
95th Pctile
$3.77
Ann. Volatility
91.8%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 36.0% 34.3% 34.2% 31.4% 29.7% 30.0% 28.4% 18.9% 16.4% 9.6% 4.9% 9.2% 6.3% 10.8% 10.3% 14.6% 16.7% 17.2% 19.8% 19.7% 19.68%
ROA 28.1% 26.0% 26.3% 22.9% 22.7% 22.5% 21.9% 14.3% 12.9% 7.4% 3.8% 7.1% 4.9% 8.1% 7.9% 10.8% 12.6% 12.3% 14.5% 14.1% 14.10%
ROIC 42.0% 49.9% 45.0% 56.9% 42.4% 49.7% 39.2% 26.6% 22.0% 11.6% 5.7% 14.3% 9.1% 18.4% 15.3% 25.6% 31.5% 31.7% 34.5% 39.6% 39.65%
ROCE 27.6% 29.6% 29.0% 29.7% 27.3% 27.1% 24.7% 16.1% 12.8% 5.9% 2.4% 5.8% 4.3% 8.6% 7.7% 12.8% 14.6% 15.2% 17.3% 17.4% 17.35%
Gross Margin 51.2% 67.8% 54.6% 66.4% 52.3% 64.7% 47.0% 44.2% 43.4% 50.4% 27.8% 44.3% 37.9% 56.5% 48.9% 59.6% 44.0% 58.7% 43.7% 61.6% 61.59%
Operating Margin 28.5% 44.0% 30.5% 42.0% 21.3% 40.4% 21.8% -16.5% 9.9% 9.1% 10.1% 13.5% 0.8% 36.8% 7.2% 39.9% 16.5% 43.4% 16.4% 42.3% 42.30%
Net Margin 26.7% 38.1% 29.3% 38.3% 24.7% 37.0% 25.8% -14.1% 21.4% 9.7% 10.5% 19.5% 6.3% 36.3% 5.4% 33.8% 14.8% 37.2% 18.7% 37.5% 37.52%
EBITDA Margin 28.6% 50.8% 34.2% 49.7% 24.1% 49.3% 34.3% 2.1% 23.4% 24.5% 28.9% 32.9% 17.7% 45.1% 10.1% 42.8% 20.3% 49.3% 23.5% 45.1% 45.07%
FCF Margin 33.4% 34.6% 35.9% 28.6% 21.3% 14.8% 14.1% 5.7% 7.0% 4.4% 19.1% 28.1% 32.8% 33.3% 5.3% 9.9% 11.3% 9.3% 22.6% 29.2% 29.19%
OCF Margin 51.5% 53.0% 51.8% 43.6% 36.6% 28.0% 27.3% 21.4% 16.7% 17.0% 28.3% 34.6% 40.0% 38.5% 12.1% 16.2% 16.8% 13.9% 27.8% 34.5% 34.46%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 13.62%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 17.43%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.89%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 35.68%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 17.42%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.25%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 52.95%
CROIC snapshot only 44.86%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 25.80%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 29.69%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 6.75%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 11.24%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 9.011
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.466
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.885
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.598
Graham Number snapshot only $17.35
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 2.68 2.40 2.37 2.41 2.81 3.06 3.41 3.34 3.55 3.17 3.28 3.30 3.26 2.75 2.93 2.65 3.05 3.03 3.05 2.99 2.988
Quick Ratio 2.67 2.39 2.37 2.41 2.80 3.04 3.39 3.31 3.53 3.15 3.26 3.29 3.25 2.74 2.91 2.63 3.04 3.02 3.04 2.97 2.969
Debt/Equity 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.050
Net Debt/Equity -0.42 -0.47 -0.42 -0.53 -0.41 -0.50 -0.41 -0.42 -0.42 -0.45 -0.55 -0.56 -0.55 -0.56 -0.48 -0.51 -0.51 -0.48 -0.48 -0.54 -0.545
Debt/Assets 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.035
Debt/EBITDA 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.03 0.13 0.14 0.27 0.36 0.36 0.32 0.34 0.36 0.21 0.212
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.32 -1.38 -1.23 -1.51 -1.26 -1.50 -1.26 -1.70 -1.85 -2.80 -4.57 -3.59 -3.87 -3.21 -3.12 -2.64 -2.48 -2.20 -1.99 -2.33 -2.330
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 321.11 176.24 176.244
Equity Multiplier 1.32 1.36 1.33 1.39 1.30 1.32 1.26 1.26 1.24 1.28 1.29 1.31 1.31 1.39 1.34 1.40 1.33 1.39 1.38 1.40 1.396
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.746
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 224.921
Cash to Debt snapshot only 12.008
FCF to Debt snapshot only 4.123
Defensive Interval snapshot only 2173.4 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.76 0.72 0.73 0.69 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.64 0.61 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.47 0.51 0.58 0.54 0.57 0.54 0.539
Inventory Turnover 179.30 125.73 145.16 128.69 135.16 102.64 157.13 89.88 107.25 84.46 116.71 69.96 80.47 75.04 86.95 60.78 93.46 82.33 103.60 56.76 56.758
Receivables Turnover 12.63 13.06 13.38 11.48 11.51 12.29 5.83 10.83 13.03 4.07 2.75 4.07 4.21 2.29 2.87 2.79 3.39 3.07 3.42 3.24 3.242
Payables Turnover 8.80 7.62 7.29 8.40 6.32 5.63 5.08 7.91 4.53 4.18 3.34 4.52 3.21 3.34 2.92 3.03 3.49 3.71 3.66 3.64 3.638
DSO 29 28 27 32 32 30 63 34 28 90 133 90 87 159 127 131 108 119 107 113 112.6 days
DIO 2 3 3 3 3 4 2 4 3 4 3 5 5 5 4 6 4 4 4 6 6.4 days
DPO 41 48 50 43 58 65 72 46 81 87 109 81 114 109 125 120 105 98 100 100 100.3 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -11 -17 -20 -9 -23 -32 -7 -8 -49 7 27 14 -22 55 6 16 7 25 11 19 18.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.424
Operating Cycle snapshot only 119.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.176
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.997
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 18.8% 16.0% 19.9% 25.0% 21.5% 22.5% 20.3% 4.5% -4.2% -15.6% -29.7% -23.8% -21.5% -11.5% 11.2% 27.6% 47.9% 47.0% 42.9% 25.3% 25.33%
Net Income 51.7% 29.3% 30.9% 15.4% 5.5% 10.0% 3.9% -29.7% -36.8% -63.8% -81.2% -47.2% -59.2% 20.8% 1.2% 75.6% 1.9% 76.9% 1.2% 55.1% 55.13%
EPS 51.7% 29.3% 30.9% 15.4% 5.5% 10.0% 3.9% -29.7% -36.8% -63.8% -81.2% -47.2% -59.2% 20.8% 1.2% 75.6% 1.9% 76.9% 1.2% 55.1% 55.13%
FCF 1.3% 47.7% 1.0% 33.8% -22.7% -47.6% -52.6% -79.2% -68.6% -74.7% -5.0% 2.8% 2.7% 5.7% -68.9% -55.1% -49.1% -59.0% 5.1% 2.7% 2.70%
EBITDA 48.7% 56.7% 50.0% 39.5% 27.1% 19.0% 16.8% -21.7% -24.8% -49.4% -62.9% -32.3% -34.5% 19.2% 39.0% 39.4% 67.6% 41.7% 83.0% 42.3% 42.27%
Op. Income 57.6% 63.5% 54.8% 43.2% 22.1% 13.3% 3.3% -40.4% -49.4% -77.3% -90.4% -61.1% -64.7% 60.4% 2.9% 1.7% 3.5% 1.4% 1.7% 60.0% 60.04%
OCF Growth snapshot only 1.66%
Asset Growth snapshot only 16.60%
Equity Growth snapshot only 16.57%
Debt Growth snapshot only -15.25%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 2.69%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 27.3% 25.3% 24.4% 23.9% 22.5% 23.8% 22.1% 16.5% 11.4% 6.3% 0.5% -0.2% -3.0% -2.9% -2.0% 0.5% 3.6% 3.2% 3.8% 6.8% 6.82%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — 62.7% 42.9% 28.2% 19.1% 15.2% 10.3% 8.7% 6.7% 7.2% 7.3% 9.0% 9.9% 9.3% 10.0% 9.7% 9.73%
EPS 3Y 36.3% 33.1% 32.8% 28.9% 26.9% 27.2% 27.0% 2.9% 0.4% -19.8% -36.5% -24.6% -35.2% -21.6% -24.3% -13.3% -8.8% -8.2% -3.2% 12.9% 12.90%
EPS 5Y — — — — — 64.5% 43.5% 20.5% 11.0% -1.3% -14.4% -4.5% -12.0% -2.1% -3.1% 0.2% 4.0% 1.9% 4.3% 3.1% 3.13%
Net Income 3Y 36.3% 33.1% 32.8% 28.9% 26.9% 27.2% 27.0% 2.9% 0.4% -19.8% -36.5% -24.6% -35.2% -21.6% -24.3% -13.3% -8.8% -8.2% -3.2% 12.9% 12.90%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — 64.7% 43.6% 20.5% 11.0% -1.3% -14.4% -4.5% -12.0% -2.1% -3.1% 0.2% 4.0% 1.9% 4.3% 3.1% 3.13%
EBITDA 3Y 17.9% 19.5% 18.9% 20.6% 19.2% 21.4% 25.9% 12.3% 12.5% -1.9% -13.4% -9.6% -14.4% -10.4% -15.5% -9.6% -6.2% -5.1% -1.9% 10.3% 10.29%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — 57.0% 37.7% 17.6% 9.4% 0.6% -6.1% -1.5% -3.6% 1.6% 0.6% 6.0% 9.3% 9.8% 10.6% 7.9% 7.94%
Gross Profit 3Y 10.5% 8.9% 7.8% 6.3% 4.6% 7.2% 10.6% 7.5% 8.4% 0.8% -9.4% -11.4% -15.2% -13.9% -9.5% -4.3% -1.2% -1.0% -0.2% 5.9% 5.87%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — 49.3% 30.1% 14.8% 5.8% 0.4% -6.1% -7.8% -10.4% -8.1% -2.6% 3.3% 8.6% 8.6% 7.6% 6.5% 6.49%
Op. Income 3Y 27.1% 27.9% 26.8% 27.2% 23.7% 23.9% 24.2% 4.2% -0.9% -25.1% -46.4% -30.8% -39.8% -25.6% -27.0% -14.3% -6.8% -4.3% 0.4% 19.2% 19.17%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — 62.2% 40.3% 16.1% 4.8% -11.7% -27.3% -13.8% -19.5% -7.1% -6.3% 3.7% 9.3% 10.2% 10.1% 7.6% 7.63%
FCF 3Y — — 3.1% 73.4% 27.9% 22.7% 26.1% -23.3% -17.3% -41.9% -3.2% 1.6% -3.6% -4.1% -48.1% -29.4% -16.1% -11.6% 21.4% 84.4% 84.40%
FCF 5Y — — — — — 58.5% 37.9% — — — 99.5% 32.5% 19.4% 25.5% -9.9% -5.2% 1.2% -11.8% 11.3% 11.7% 11.73%
OCF 3Y 44.4% 40.8% 36.8% 37.2% 37.2% 22.9% 20.3% -0.6% -14.3% -21.7% -10.0% -8.6% -10.8% -12.7% -39.7% -27.7% -20.0% -18.3% 4.4% 25.3% 25.28%
OCF 5Y — — — — — 64.2% 43.5% 17.8% 2.6% -1.5% 3.4% 10.3% 16.2% 13.8% -9.6% -6.2% -6.0% -12.5% 2.6% 4.0% 4.02%
Assets 3Y 32.0% 31.3% 31.7% 32.3% 30.8% 29.2% 28.5% 20.9% 21.4% 18.6% 17.5% 12.9% 11.7% 13.1% 10.1% 10.4% 10.3% 11.4% 12.0% 16.3% 16.27%
Assets 5Y — — — — — 34.7% 27.5% 23.7% 23.6% 22.5% 21.8% 20.9% 20.6% 21.2% 19.8% 19.0% 18.5% 17.7% 17.4% 15.1% 15.11%
Equity 3Y 27.3% 27.4% 27.3% 27.6% 27.2% 27.5% 27.4% 21.6% 21.0% 18.6% 16.5% 14.0% 11.7% 12.2% 9.9% 10.2% 9.5% 9.4% 8.5% 12.4% 12.43%
Book Value 3Y 27.3% 27.4% 27.3% 27.6% 27.2% 27.5% 27.4% 21.6% 21.0% 18.6% 16.5% 14.0% 11.7% 12.2% 9.9% 10.2% 9.5% 9.4% 8.5% 12.4% 12.43%
Dividend 3Y 3.1% 23.1% 12.4% -17.8% 17.0% -18.5% 12.5% 35.6% 6.8% 26.0% -17.8% -17.7% -49.3% -47.9% -28.4% -26.7% 44.4% 50.4% 58.8% 54.6% 54.56%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.99 1.00 0.98 0.93 0.80 0.51 0.48 0.35 0.30 0.19 0.34 0.35 0.31 0.30 0.52 0.523
Earnings Stability 0.93 0.98 0.98 1.00 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.65 0.46 0.10 0.01 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.19 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.02 0.021
Margin Stability 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.76 0.72 0.74 0.78 0.77 0.74 0.72 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.68 0.76 0.82 0.86 0.87 0.87 0.88 0.875
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.88 0.88 0.94 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.88 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.81 0.50 0.92 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.59 0.74 0.73 0.86 0.95 0.90 0.96 0.65 0.55 0.06 0.00 0.38 0.16 0.81 0.24 0.45 0.01 0.44 0.26 0.57 0.568
ROE Trend 0.04 0.01 0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.04 -0.11 -0.13 -0.19 -0.23 -0.14 -0.15 -0.08 -0.05 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.11 0.07 0.070
Gross Margin Trend -0.15 -0.12 -0.06 -0.04 0.02 0.02 -0.01 -0.07 -0.09 -0.14 -0.17 -0.15 -0.15 -0.11 -0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.048
FCF Margin Trend 0.16 0.13 0.19 0.05 -0.04 -0.16 -0.14 -0.22 -0.20 -0.20 -0.06 0.11 0.19 0.24 -0.11 -0.07 -0.09 -0.10 0.10 0.10 0.102
Sustainable Growth Rate 28.7% 22.5% 25.9% 26.9% 20.6% 24.9% 18.9% 9.3% 6.7% 0.6% 0.1% 4.2% 5.1% 9.6% 8.6% 12.8% 13.5% 13.5% 13.9% 14.0% 14.04%
Internal Growth Rate 28.9% 20.4% 24.9% 24.4% 18.7% 23.0% 17.1% 7.5% 5.6% 0.4% 0.1% 3.4% 4.1% 7.8% 7.0% 10.4% 11.4% 10.8% 11.3% 11.2% 11.18%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.39 1.48 1.44 1.32 1.14 0.87 0.88 0.96 0.79 1.23 3.40 2.25 3.63 2.04 0.73 0.77 0.77 0.61 1.10 1.32 1.318
FCF/OCF 0.65 0.65 0.69 0.66 0.58 0.53 0.52 0.27 0.42 0.26 0.67 0.81 0.82 0.87 0.44 0.61 0.67 0.67 0.81 0.85 0.847
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.116
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.030
CapEx/Revenue 18.2% 18.4% 15.9% 15.0% 15.4% 13.2% 13.2% 15.7% 9.8% 12.5% 9.3% 6.4% 7.3% 5.1% 6.7% 6.3% 5.6% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.26%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.727
Accruals Ratio -0.11 -0.12 -0.11 -0.07 -0.03 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 -0.02 -0.09 -0.09 -0.13 -0.08 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 -0.01 -0.04 -0.045
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.082
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.700
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.58%
Dividend/Share $0.30 $0.52 $0.39 $0.22 $0.48 $0.28 $0.55 $0.55 $0.58 $0.56 $0.31 $0.31 $0.08 $0.08 $0.11 $0.12 $0.23 $0.27 $0.45 $0.45 $0.27
Payout Ratio 20.2% 34.6% 24.3% 14.3% 30.6% 17.0% 33.3% 50.9% 59.1% 94.2% 98.5% 53.7% 18.9% 11.0% 16.3% 12.0% 19.3% 21.2% 30.0% 28.7% 28.67%
FCF Payout Ratio 22.4% 35.9% 24.4% 16.5% 46.4% 37.1% 73.4% 2.0% 1.8% 2.9% 43.0% 29.3% 6.4% 6.2% 50.7% 25.7% 37.6% 51.9% 33.5% 25.7% 25.68%
Total Payout Ratio 20.2% 34.6% 24.3% 14.3% 30.6% 17.0% 33.3% 50.9% 59.1% 94.2% 98.5% 53.7% 18.9% 11.0% 16.3% 12.0% 19.3% 21.2% 30.0% 28.7% 28.67%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.84 0.84 0.85 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.99 0.93 0.99 0.84 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.87 0.86 0.87 0.88 0.881
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.32 1.19 1.18 1.08 1.10 1.11 1.14 1.21 1.29 1.55 2.11 1.48 1.64 1.34 1.43 1.24 1.20 1.17 1.15 1.13 1.133
EBIT Margin 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.21 0.18 0.09 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.16 0.13 0.20 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.26 0.262
Asset Turnover 0.76 0.72 0.73 0.69 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.64 0.61 0.54 0.46 0.46 0.45 0.43 0.47 0.51 0.58 0.54 0.57 0.54 0.539
Equity Multiplier 1.28 1.32 1.30 1.37 1.31 1.33 1.29 1.32 1.27 1.30 1.27 1.29 1.28 1.34 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.39 1.37 1.40 1.396
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.48 $1.49 $1.60 $1.55 $1.56 $1.64 $1.66 $1.09 $0.99 $0.59 $0.31 $0.57 $0.40 $0.72 $0.69 $1.01 $1.19 $1.27 $1.50 $1.56 $1.56
Book Value/Share $4.71 $4.91 $5.27 $5.48 $5.81 $6.03 $6.42 $6.02 $6.25 $6.33 $6.41 $6.51 $6.57 $6.93 $7.00 $7.34 $7.62 $7.89 $8.20 $8.55 $8.78
Tangible Book/Share $3.92 $4.14 $4.54 $4.79 $5.02 $5.81 $5.66 $5.81 $5.54 $5.56 $5.71 $5.83 $5.85 $6.17 $6.15 $6.57 $6.92 $7.28 $7.54 $7.93 $7.93
Revenue/Share $4.00 $4.16 $4.43 $4.70 $4.85 $5.10 $5.33 $4.91 $4.65 $4.31 $3.75 $3.74 $3.65 $3.81 $4.17 $4.77 $5.40 $5.60 $5.96 $5.98 $3.07
FCF/Share $1.33 $1.44 $1.59 $1.34 $1.03 $0.75 $0.75 $0.28 $0.32 $0.19 $0.71 $1.05 $1.20 $1.27 $0.22 $0.47 $0.61 $0.52 $1.35 $1.75 $1.20
OCF/Share $2.06 $2.21 $2.29 $2.05 $1.78 $1.43 $1.45 $1.05 $0.78 $0.73 $1.06 $1.29 $1.46 $1.47 $0.50 $0.77 $0.91 $0.78 $1.65 $2.06 $1.42
Cash/Share $1.97 $2.32 $2.19 $2.89 $2.38 $3.05 $2.66 $2.58 $2.63 $2.83 $3.54 $3.76 $3.73 $4.19 $3.72 $4.21 $4.36 $4.33 $4.61 $5.08 $5.08
EBITDA/Share $1.49 $1.68 $1.78 $1.90 $1.89 $1.99 $2.07 $1.49 $1.42 $1.01 $0.77 $1.01 $0.93 $1.20 $1.07 $1.41 $1.56 $1.71 $1.96 $2.00 $2.00
Debt/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.06 $0.05 $0.05 $0.01 $0.00 $0.02 $0.13 $0.13 $0.33 $0.38 $0.50 $0.50 $0.58 $0.70 $0.42 $0.42
Net Debt/Share $-1.97 $-2.32 $-2.19 $-2.89 $-2.38 $-2.99 $-2.60 $-2.53 $-2.63 $-2.83 $-3.51 $-3.63 $-3.60 $-3.86 $-3.34 $-3.71 $-3.87 $-3.75 $-3.90 $-4.66 $-4.66
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 7 7 7 6 4 4 3 5 5 5 4 6 6 6 6 6 6 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.55 -2.61 -2.50 -2.30 -2.35 -2.27 -1.97 -3.17 -2.15 -2.49 -2.53 -2.58 -3.19 -2.72 -2.59 -1.93 -1.76 -2.17 -1.68 -2.48 -2.479
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.885
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 22.74%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $5.54
EVA snapshot only $3376896979.72
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only AA-
Credit Score 79.55 78.65 78.65 78.65 79.55 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 82.75 82.75 82.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 4
Credit Trend snapshot only 2.500
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 100.000

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