— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: DG.PA (PAR) · $vol 108M · VCISY (OTC) · $vol 10M · SQU.DE (XETRA) · $vol 0M

VCISF OTC

Vinci S.A.
1W: -6.9% 1M: -7.8% 3M: -16.4% YTD: -14.9% 1Y: -11.2% 3Y: +14.3% 5Y: +32.3%
$118.81
-6.92 (-5.50%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.2%
$111 $115 $119 $123 $126
OTC · Industrials · Engineering & Construction · Tech Score Sell · Power 32 · $66.0B mcap · 474M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 46% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A-
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. VCISF receives an overall rating of A-. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B+ A-
2026-08-04 C+ B+
2026-07-31 B+ C+
2026-07-01 A- B+
2026-07-01 None ADDED
2026-06-28 EXISTED None
2026-06-23 None ADDED
2026-06-21 EXISTED None
2026-06-12 None ADDED
2026-06-10 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
43
Balance Sheet
48
Earnings Quality
65
Growth
55
Value
—
Momentum
81
Safety
—
Cash Flow
59

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.89
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.67
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 67.5/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.38x
Accruals: -10.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VCISF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VCISF's score of -2.89 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VCISF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VCISF receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 67.5/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VCISF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
11.71x
PEG
1.33x
P/S
0.78x
P/B
1.96x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$146.46
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 11.7x earnings, VCISF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $146.46 per share, suggesting a potential 23% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.623
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.877
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.120
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.144
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
4.424
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
33.3%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VCISF's ROE of 33.3% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 4.42x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$674.87
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VCISF's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. VCISF actually compounded EPS at 27.8% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. VCISF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $674.87, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 11.7x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$118.81
Median 1Y
$117.88
5th Pctile
$66.60
95th Pctile
$208.91
Ann. Volatility
34.1%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 29.2% 30.6% 31.9% 34.4% 32.1% 34.6% 32.6% 25.5% 22.4% 19.1% 17.7% 28.1% 29.2% 34.2% 35.1% 34.3% 34.2% 33.7% 33.2% 33.3% 33.29%
ROA 7.0% 7.5% 8.0% 8.5% 8.0% 7.9% 7.8% 5.8% 5.4% 4.3% 4.0% 6.3% 6.8% 8.0% 8.2% 7.9% 7.9% 7.6% 7.8% 7.5% 7.52%
ROIC 17.3% 17.2% 18.5% 17.9% 18.1% 14.8% 15.7% 12.7% 12.6% 9.7% 9.1% 13.1% 16.2% 19.0% 23.8% 20.1% 24.0% 22.1% 24.6% 22.1% 22.14%
ROCE 20.4% 21.3% 21.3% 21.9% 20.8% 15.4% 13.1% 10.0% 7.0% 6.4% 6.1% 8.2% 8.6% 9.7% 14.1% 16.3% 20.4% 23.9% 23.4% 23.9% 23.87%
Gross Margin 14.8% 12.5% 15.2% 12.8% 14.6% 11.1% 15.6% 3.4% 13.5% 8.9% 14.6% 10.5% 14.2% 11.0% 16.1% 13.2% 98.5% 13.8% 16.8% 12.7% 12.74%
Operating Margin 11.5% 9.5% 11.8% 10.2% 11.4% 10.1% 12.3% 1.1% 9.8% 6.4% 10.8% 9.3% 11.0% 10.0% 12.6% 10.6% 13.4% 11.4% 12.4% 11.4% 11.36%
Net Margin 7.6% 5.4% 7.8% 6.5% 7.0% 6.2% 7.1% -1.6% 6.1% 3.0% 7.1% 6.6% 7.0% 6.4% 7.1% 5.8% 7.5% 5.4% 7.5% 5.8% 5.80%
EBITDA Margin 16.3% 15.0% 16.7% 15.6% 16.2% 16.6% 12.1% 9.0% 11.2% 10.0% 11.6% 10.6% 11.3% 10.7% 16.3% 16.1% 18.9% 16.4% 17.9% 17.3% 17.35%
FCF Margin 9.5% 9.1% 8.8% 8.5% 8.7% 8.6% 9.4% 9.3% 9.9% 9.9% 10.9% 9.8% 10.4% 9.5% 9.9% 10.6% 10.4% 10.6% 10.9% 10.4% 10.38%
OCF Margin 11.4% 11.0% 10.8% 10.6% 11.0% 11.6% 13.1% 13.7% 14.9% 14.8% 15.4% 13.7% 15.3% 14.3% 15.1% 15.9% 15.6% 15.6% 15.9% 15.6% 15.63%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 29.59%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 29.08%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.76%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 15.96%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 18.03%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.36%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 42.48%
CROIC snapshot only 28.22%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.14%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 10.57%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.28%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.20%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 11.711
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.778
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.961
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 1.326
Graham Number snapshot only $146.46
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.84 0.82 0.88 0.86 0.92 0.88 0.90 0.88 0.96 0.96 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.88 0.91 0.84 0.85 0.83 0.85 0.82 0.819
Quick Ratio 0.80 0.78 0.84 0.82 0.88 0.83 0.86 0.83 0.91 0.91 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.87 0.81 0.82 0.80 0.82 0.79 0.789
Debt/Equity 1.31 1.28 1.21 1.31 1.26 1.78 1.58 1.72 1.55 1.46 1.39 1.32 1.20 1.15 1.12 1.38 1.21 1.49 1.23 1.31 1.311
Net Debt/Equity 0.89 0.98 0.81 0.96 0.83 1.41 1.16 1.30 0.98 0.97 0.90 0.90 0.68 0.74 0.54 0.91 0.67 0.92 0.62 0.80 0.802
Debt/Assets 0.32 0.32 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.38 0.35 0.36 0.36 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.31 0.28 0.33 0.28 0.30 0.297
Debt/EBITDA 1.82 1.74 1.70 1.78 1.77 2.31 2.32 2.57 2.86 3.12 3.21 2.82 2.52 2.31 1.92 2.09 1.63 1.73 1.46 1.52 1.516
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.24 1.32 1.14 1.30 1.17 1.83 1.70 1.95 1.81 2.07 2.06 1.94 1.43 1.48 0.93 1.38 0.90 1.08 0.74 0.93 0.927
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — 12.31 6.32 5.83 7.19 5.80 7.02 6.69 5.46 5.457
Equity Multiplier 4.13 4.04 3.92 4.00 3.93 4.67 4.46 4.71 4.34 4.28 4.37 4.26 4.32 4.24 4.22 4.44 4.32 4.56 4.33 4.41 4.409
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.263
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 7.995
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.388
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.388
Defensive Interval snapshot only 380.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.19 1.23 1.21 1.23 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.11 1.05 0.98 1.09 1.11 1.19 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.14 1.144
Inventory Turnover 72.73 71.15 68.10 65.18 69.82 66.24 64.54 60.80 63.07 56.06 55.47 56.41 61.30 59.95 66.05 66.15 50.90 48.78 52.73 52.86 52.861
Receivables Turnover 9.16 6.92 9.35 6.92 13.03 6.95 13.25 7.12 13.98 6.73 12.03 6.61 9.23 7.13 9.91 7.05 10.61 7.11 7.76 7.24 7.240
Payables Turnover 8.84 9.29 8.71 9.53 9.21 10.06 9.62 10.21 9.58 9.54 8.17 8.82 8.97 9.08 8.95 8.87 6.57 6.41 6.63 6.54 6.542
DSO 40 53 39 53 28 53 28 51 26 54 30 55 40 51 37 52 34 51 47 50 50.4 days
DIO 5 5 5 6 5 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 6.9 days
DPO 41 39 42 38 40 36 38 36 38 38 45 41 41 40 41 41 56 57 55 56 55.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 4 19 2 20 -6 22 -5 21 -6 22 -8 20 5 17 2 16 -14 2 -1 2 1.5 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 8.486
Operating Cycle snapshot only 57.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 9.629
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.900
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue -2.7% -1.0% 1.6% 5.6% 9.5% 12.5% 16.7% 11.9% 8.5% 5.6% 0.9% 13.2% 21.1% 30.6% 40.4% 32.4% 26.9% 18.8% 12.4% 8.8% 8.82%
Net Income 2.3% 5.4% 15.9% 37.2% 25.9% 27.3% 18.9% -17.5% -21.4% -36.9% -38.5% 29.8% 52.3% 1.2% 1.3% 50.1% 39.5% 13.4% 9.0% 8.7% 8.70%
EPS 2.1% 5.1% 15.6% 37.2% 25.7% 27.3% 18.6% -16.7% -21.4% -38.4% -40.2% 26.4% 49.6% 1.2% 1.3% 47.9% 38.3% 14.3% 11.0% 11.8% 11.77%
FCF 72.7% 48.7% 5.9% -2.3% 0.7% 6.4% 23.9% 22.3% 23.4% 21.7% 17.4% 18.7% 26.3% 24.1% 27.6% 43.7% 27.9% 32.8% 23.1% 6.6% 6.63%
EBITDA 4.7% 6.2% 10.8% 13.6% 15.3% 19.2% 10.4% -4.5% -16.3% -30.4% -28.6% -9.7% 7.9% 34.5% 64.4% 67.0% 81.4% 82.1% 57.6% 40.1% 40.08%
Op. Income 8.6% 11.5% 16.8% 19.5% 18.9% 19.7% 21.3% -4.7% -11.7% -23.4% -31.6% 12.5% 31.8% 69.9% 1.0% 60.6% 55.5% 39.2% 24.4% 19.2% 19.19%
OCF Growth snapshot only 6.99%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.04%
Equity Growth snapshot only 6.80%
Debt Growth snapshot only 1.44%
Shares Change snapshot only -2.75%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 15.99%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 5.5% 4.5% 3.6% 4.0% 3.5% 4.7% 5.0% 4.3% 4.9% 5.5% 6.2% 10.2% 12.9% 15.8% 18.3% 18.8% 18.6% 17.9% 16.8% 17.7% 17.70%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — 40.4% 23.5% 13.2% 6.9% 6.3% 5.6% 7.3% 7.8% 9.6% 10.4% 11.2% 12.2% 12.8% 13.6% 14.0% 14.01%
EPS 3Y 9.0% 9.7% 11.7% 14.7% 12.7% 18.6% 16.9% 2.1% 0.3% -6.2% -6.4% 13.0% 13.9% 19.2% 18.3% 15.9% 17.6% 15.0% 15.7% 27.8% 27.84%
EPS 5Y — — — — — 46.5% 28.2% 12.7% 5.0% 0.7% -0.2% 9.7% 11.0% 17.3% 17.4% 14.8% 15.8% 15.3% 16.3% 19.0% 19.02%
Net Income 3Y 10.5% 10.5% 12.6% 16.3% 14.5% 18.8% 17.2% 1.5% 0.4% -5.4% -5.4% 13.7% 14.6% 20.2% 19.5% 17.2% 18.6% 15.6% 16.1% 28.4% 28.42%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — 50.0% 31.4% 13.4% 5.9% 1.6% 0.8% 11.0% 12.4% 18.0% 18.2% 15.3% 16.5% 15.7% 16.6% 19.1% 19.12%
EBITDA 3Y 4.6% 4.6% 5.2% 7.3% 7.7% 10.8% 8.2% 3.9% 0.4% -4.1% -4.4% -0.7% 1.4% 3.7% 9.0% 12.9% 17.9% 19.5% 22.7% 28.3% 28.33%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — 42.2% 23.0% 10.4% 2.0% -1.0% -1.7% 1.3% 2.4% 5.0% 8.2% 11.1% 14.6% 16.6% 17.7% 18.1% 18.06%
Gross Profit 3Y -41.7% -39.2% -36.1% -38.1% -32.2% -27.6% -21.8% 2.8% 4.0% 0.8% 1.5% 8.6% 10.9% 13.6% 16.4% 18.3% 63.6% 64.5% 61.7% 70.8% 70.83%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — -1.0% -12.7% -22.3% -26.9% -26.1% -24.9% -23.7% -18.4% -13.4% -8.3% 13.6% 40.5% 39.7% 41.3% 41.0% 40.99%
Op. Income 3Y 4.8% 4.8% 5.4% 7.7% 7.5% 11.3% 12.5% 5.6% 4.4% 0.8% -1.0% 8.6% 11.4% 15.9% 18.9% 19.8% 21.9% 21.9% 19.9% 29.1% 29.14%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — 42.5% 25.7% 11.0% 3.9% 1.1% -0.6% 6.0% 7.7% 12.4% 14.6% 16.3% 18.5% 19.3% 19.6% 19.6% 19.64%
FCF 3Y 24.6% 22.8% 21.6% 48.9% 23.7% 37.2% 38.7% 28.5% 29.0% 24.4% 15.5% 12.4% 16.2% 17.1% 22.9% 27.8% 25.8% 26.1% 22.6% 22.1% 22.09%
FCF 5Y — — — — — 50.5% 34.6% 24.0% 19.2% 19.1% 21.2% 36.8% 24.1% 31.3% 31.9% 29.4% 28.2% 26.0% 19.3% 16.8% 16.80%
OCF 3Y 5.8% 5.5% 5.6% 11.9% 6.5% 19.2% 29.1% 33.7% 36.1% 31.0% 21.1% 18.0% 24.7% 26.3% 32.2% 35.8% 33.2% 30.2% 24.5% 22.9% 22.86%
OCF 5Y — — — — — 38.1% 24.4% 16.8% 13.0% 13.3% 14.6% 18.0% 17.1% 23.6% 28.5% 32.9% 32.5% 29.9% 23.7% 22.0% 21.96%
Assets 3Y 6.4% 4.8% 4.8% 5.5% 7.0% 11.6% 13.0% 12.9% 13.1% 13.8% 17.2% 18.5% 18.1% 20.3% 19.3% 21.5% 19.8% 14.3% 13.5% 15.2% 15.20%
Assets 5Y — — — — — 11.0% 11.7% 9.2% 10.1% 9.7% 10.6% 11.4% 12.7% 12.8% 13.5% 15.7% 15.5% 16.1% 16.4% 16.8% 16.76%
Equity 3Y 10.2% 9.8% 11.4% 11.9% 12.9% 11.0% 13.1% 9.7% 12.5% 13.1% 14.8% 17.3% 16.4% 18.3% 16.4% 17.3% 16.0% 15.2% 14.6% 17.8% 17.77%
Book Value 3Y 8.7% 9.0% 10.5% 10.3% 11.2% 10.9% 12.8% 10.3% 12.4% 12.1% 13.6% 16.6% 15.6% 17.4% 15.3% 16.0% 15.0% 14.6% 14.2% 17.2% 17.24%
Dividend 3Y 4.5% 1.2% -1.4% 1.5% 6.1% 8.5% 8.5% -8.1% -5.4% -7.7% -9.4% 21.3% 14.4% 18.4% 21.7% 10.3% 12.1% 9.9% 7.9% 3.6% 3.62%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.63 0.71 0.52 0.59 0.62 0.77 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.94 0.89 0.88 0.77 0.73 0.66 0.73 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.91 0.912
Earnings Stability 0.94 0.80 0.89 0.87 0.93 0.87 0.93 0.70 0.59 0.25 0.21 0.69 0.64 0.47 0.45 0.67 0.69 0.61 0.59 0.84 0.836
Margin Stability 0.17 0.22 0.26 0.00 0.17 0.10 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.18 0.30 0.45 0.92 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.38 0.385
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.99 0.98 0.94 0.85 0.90 0.89 0.92 0.93 0.91 0.85 0.85 0.88 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.965
Earnings Smoothness 0.98 0.95 0.85 0.69 0.77 0.76 0.83 0.81 0.76 0.55 0.52 0.74 0.59 0.27 0.20 0.60 0.67 0.87 0.91 0.92 0.917
ROE Trend -0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.05 -0.07 -0.13 -0.13 -0.03 0.01 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.07 0.04 0.040
Gross Margin Trend -0.18 -0.13 -0.09 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.232
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.002
Sustainable Growth Rate 15.9% 16.4% 18.2% 19.0% 17.6% 18.4% 17.5% 15.0% 11.5% 7.7% 7.5% 11.9% 14.9% 18.1% 19.0% 16.0% 16.8% 14.8% 15.4% 14.9% 14.86%
Internal Growth Rate 3.9% 4.2% 4.8% 4.9% 4.6% 4.4% 4.3% 3.6% 2.8% 1.7% 1.7% 2.7% 3.6% 4.4% 4.6% 3.8% 4.1% 3.5% 3.7% 3.5% 3.48%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.95 1.83 1.64 1.55 1.64 1.70 1.96 2.71 3.06 3.61 3.77 2.36 2.51 2.12 2.22 2.41 2.33 2.42 2.42 2.38 2.375
FCF/OCF 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.80 0.79 0.74 0.71 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.71 0.71 0.68 0.66 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.68 0.68 0.66 0.664
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.578
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.885
CapEx/Revenue 1.9% 1.9% 2.0% 2.1% 2.3% 3.0% 3.7% 4.4% 4.9% 4.8% 4.5% 4.0% 5.0% 4.9% 5.2% 5.3% 5.2% 5.1% 5.0% 5.2% 5.24%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.936
Accruals Ratio -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.05 -0.05 -0.06 -0.07 -0.10 -0.11 -0.11 -0.11 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 -0.10 -0.11 -0.11 -0.11 -0.11 -0.10 -0.103
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.081
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.758
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.68%
Dividend/Share $3.70 $3.96 $4.01 $4.50 $4.61 $5.08 $5.16 $3.47 $3.92 $4.00 $3.85 $6.13 $5.87 $6.81 $7.14 $8.37 $8.43 $9.24 $9.24 $9.70 $5.00
Payout Ratio 45.5% 46.5% 42.8% 44.7% 45.2% 46.8% 46.4% 41.4% 48.8% 59.9% 57.9% 57.8% 49.0% 47.1% 46.0% 53.3% 50.9% 56.0% 53.6% 55.4% 55.35%
FCF Payout Ratio 27.9% 30.8% 31.9% 36.1% 34.7% 37.1% 33.1% 22.5% 23.9% 24.6% 21.7% 34.4% 28.9% 33.7% 31.5% 33.2% 32.7% 34.2% 32.5% 35.1% 35.08%
Total Payout Ratio 84.0% 81.1% 65.8% 68.5% 67.6% 70.3% 71.1% 71.5% 76.4% 79.2% 82.4% 82.8% 73.8% 70.8% 62.7% 67.7% 75.0% 87.0% 93.7% 98.0% 98.03%
Div. Increase Streak 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.69 0.67 0.68 0.67 0.65 0.66 0.65 0.69 0.71 0.70 0.70 0.68 0.67 0.67 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.623
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.86 0.87 0.90 0.92 0.93 1.04 1.23 1.28 1.68 1.59 1.57 1.76 1.79 1.84 1.36 1.14 0.95 0.85 0.87 0.88 0.877
EBIT Margin 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.120
Asset Turnover 1.19 1.23 1.21 1.23 1.19 1.16 1.16 1.15 1.11 1.05 0.98 1.09 1.11 1.19 1.21 1.19 1.18 1.18 1.18 1.14 1.144
Equity Multiplier 4.20 4.11 4.01 4.06 4.02 4.37 4.21 4.36 4.14 4.46 4.41 4.46 4.33 4.26 4.29 4.36 4.32 4.40 4.27 4.42 4.424
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $8.12 $8.52 $9.37 $10.07 $10.21 $10.84 $11.12 $8.39 $8.02 $6.68 $6.65 $10.60 $11.99 $14.44 $15.52 $15.68 $16.58 $16.51 $17.23 $17.53 $17.53
Book Value/Share $29.38 $29.21 $31.79 $31.70 $34.17 $33.50 $36.40 $33.75 $37.43 $37.30 $39.64 $42.61 $45.37 $47.23 $48.69 $49.52 $51.91 $50.41 $54.27 $54.39 $60.97
Tangible Book/Share $-33.46 $-33.53 $-31.67 $-33.51 $-32.70 $-47.42 $-45.38 $-47.12 $-41.58 $-40.42 $-45.92 $-44.70 $-50.18 $-49.90 $-45.90 $-56.39 $-53.79 $-55.11 $-52.39 $-54.22 $-54.22
Revenue/Share $139.20 $140.82 $142.35 $146.63 $152.18 $158.45 $165.80 $165.68 $165.11 $163.48 $162.69 $182.54 $196.33 $213.38 $228.39 $238.13 $246.83 $255.47 $261.68 $266.44 $135.70
FCF/Share $13.23 $12.85 $12.59 $12.48 $13.29 $13.68 $15.57 $15.41 $16.41 $16.27 $17.77 $17.81 $20.34 $20.18 $22.68 $25.23 $25.78 $27.02 $28.44 $27.66 $14.74
OCF/Share $15.83 $15.55 $15.40 $15.61 $16.78 $18.40 $21.78 $22.76 $24.52 $24.16 $25.09 $25.04 $30.07 $30.62 $34.51 $37.85 $38.58 $39.95 $41.64 $41.64 $21.63
Cash/Share $12.26 $8.88 $12.55 $11.09 $14.68 $12.49 $15.31 $14.05 $21.26 $18.39 $19.69 $17.59 $23.47 $19.67 $28.14 $23.26 $28.03 $28.51 $32.85 $27.67 $27.71
EBITDA/Share $21.06 $21.62 $22.53 $23.39 $24.23 $25.78 $24.82 $22.56 $20.28 $17.54 $17.23 $19.84 $21.49 $23.58 $28.31 $32.65 $38.64 $43.29 $45.46 $47.03 $47.03
Debt/Share $38.36 $37.53 $38.32 $41.60 $42.98 $59.60 $57.55 $58.01 $57.93 $54.65 $55.24 $56.05 $54.26 $54.53 $54.42 $68.35 $62.86 $75.09 $66.51 $71.29 $71.29
Net Debt/Share $26.10 $28.65 $25.78 $30.51 $28.30 $47.11 $42.24 $43.96 $36.67 $36.26 $35.55 $38.46 $30.79 $34.86 $26.27 $45.09 $34.83 $46.58 $33.66 $43.62 $43.62
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 6 6 6 6 7 5 5 6 4 7 7 7 8 6 6 7 7 7 7
Beneish M-Score -3.04 -2.79 -2.99 -2.58 -1.67 -2.36 -3.16 -1.23 -3.19 -2.87 -3.34 -7.15 -3.75 -2.60 -2.01 -3.39 -2.67 -3.32 -2.74 -2.89 -2.888
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.665
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-92.69
EVA snapshot only $6680889391.55
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 72.50 72.50 72.50 66.05 71.90 63.05 63.05 63.05 63.65 62.15 68.00 69.50 71.00 66.00 68.10 67.00 68.10 68.50 68.10 67.50 67.500
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.500
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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