— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: VOD.JO (JNB) · $vol 18M · VODAF (OTC) · $vol 0M

VDMCY OTC

Vodacom Group Limited
1W: -1.0% 1M: -0.1% 3M: -2.5% YTD: +7.6% 1Y: +18.8% 3Y: +86.8% 5Y: +19.0%
$9.21
+0.27 (+3.02%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.7%
$9 $9 $9 $10 $10
OTC · Communication Services · Telecommunications Services · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 44 · $17.8B mcap · 448M float · 0.0074% daily turnover · Short 41% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 1Hold: 0Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
2
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
3
P/B
2
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. VDMCY receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: DCF (2/5), D/E (1/5), P/B (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-09-02 B B+
2026-07-22 B+ B
2026-03-23 B B+
2026-03-16 B+ B
2026-02-23 B B+
2026-02-18 B+ B
2026-02-12 B B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
72
Balance Sheet
61
Earnings Quality
49
Growth
65
Value
—
Momentum
88
Safety
—
Cash Flow
72

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-5.00
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-9.84
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 69.0/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.90x
Accruals: -27.3%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VDMCY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VDMCY's score of -5.00 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VDMCY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VDMCY receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 69.0/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VDMCY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
14.81x
PEG
0.76x
P/S
1.77x
P/B
3.41x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$133.05
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 14.8x earnings, VDMCY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $133.05 per share, suggesting a potential 1345% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.565
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.901
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.230
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.229
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.789
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
40.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VDMCY's ROE of 40.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.229), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.57 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.03%
Fair P/E
8.56x
Intrinsic Value
$152.53
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VDMCY's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. VDMCY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $152.53, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.6x compares to the current market P/E of 14.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$9.21
Median 1Y
$9.24
5th Pctile
$4.91
95th Pctile
$17.51
Ann. Volatility
38.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
ROE 1.2% 1.1% 58.1% 64.9% 58.9% 59.1% 42.0% 88.4% 41.1% 78.0% 41.2% 6.4% 36.7% 6.6% 78.2% 67.3% 37.1% 67.9% 70.1% 40.1% 40.14%
ROA 36.0% 34.6% 25.5% 27.4% 25.0% 25.7% 20.4% 43.3% 20.2% 39.4% 19.4% 3.0% 17.3% 2.8% 36.6% 26.2% 15.3% 25.0% 25.4% 14.4% 14.39%
ROIC 64.1% 63.3% 32.9% 37.2% 32.1% 34.1% 29.7% 5.1% 30.4% 4.8% 29.7% 4.6% 26.4% 5.0% 5.2% 30.2% 33.9% 71.7% 33.6% 34.0% 34.04%
ROCE 74.1% 78.6% 41.9% 45.1% 37.1% 39.7% 37.2% 5.5% 34.5% 5.5% 38.0% 6.0% 35.9% 5.6% 6.4% 35.3% 39.6% 38.1% 39.0% 37.1% 37.10%
Gross Margin 55.7% 55.8% 54.0% 55.2% 56.9% 56.7% 56.9% 58.2% 57.1% 54.9% 55.8% 54.9% 54.3% 55.5% 54.1% 55.8% 54.4% 53.9% 40.5% 39.6% 39.60%
Operating Margin 26.7% 27.0% 25.3% 27.3% 26.1% 27.3% 26.0% 27.6% 24.9% 24.3% 24.9% 24.6% 22.0% 22.7% 21.5% 23.6% 21.9% 25.0% 21.4% 24.4% 24.40%
Net Margin 16.0% 17.0% 16.3% 19.1% 15.4% 18.8% 17.6% 17.5% 18.9% 15.0% 17.1% 16.3% 14.4% 13.8% 11.5% 10.2% 9.3% 12.4% 11.3% 13.5% 13.50%
EBITDA Margin 38.0% 34.9% 37.1% 34.8% 38.6% 34.8% 41.7% 32.6% 40.7% 28.5% 40.3% 28.1% 37.4% 37.5% 36.9% 37.4% 35.7% 36.6% 38.8% 38.7% 38.73%
FCF Margin 14.3% 15.4% 15.3% 17.5% 16.4% 17.1% 18.3% 18.8% 19.8% 20.6% 20.0% 19.9% 17.2% 18.5% 17.0% 17.6% 17.5% 18.1% 18.3% 18.6% 18.63%
OCF Margin 31.2% 31.0% 30.7% 30.9% 30.3% 31.3% 33.2% 34.3% 35.2% 35.0% 33.6% 33.5% 32.1% 33.8% 32.4% 33.3% 32.1% 33.6% 33.6% 33.9% 33.94%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 2.32%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 2.68%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.01%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 4.15%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 29.06%
Cash ROA snapshot only 39.16%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 70.28%
CROIC snapshot only 38.57%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 16.44%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 20.72%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 9.43%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.15%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 14.809
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.769
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.414
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.757
Graham Number snapshot only $133.05
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.20 1.09 1.06 1.07 1.41 1.04 1.02 1.30 1.16 1.10 1.05 0.88 0.88 1.02 0.95 0.99 1.05 1.00 1.12 1.10 1.098
Quick Ratio 1.16 1.04 1.02 1.03 1.36 1.00 0.99 1.26 1.12 1.07 1.02 0.85 0.85 0.99 0.91 0.96 1.01 0.97 1.08 1.07 1.071
Debt/Equity 1.43 1.30 0.46 0.50 0.49 0.44 0.60 0.57 0.59 0.63 0.60 0.66 0.64 0.82 0.82 0.79 0.90 0.02 0.89 1.02 1.018
Net Debt/Equity 0.94 0.92 0.30 0.29 0.29 0.21 0.41 0.30 0.33 0.35 0.46 0.43 0.49 0.55 0.63 0.52 0.56 -0.27 0.61 0.66 0.664
Debt/Assets 0.41 0.39 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.29 0.28 0.29 0.29 0.31 0.31 0.31 0.33 0.01 0.32 0.34 0.341
Debt/EBITDA 0.58 0.54 0.54 0.53 0.59 0.54 0.72 0.05 0.74 0.05 0.71 0.05 0.83 0.05 0.04 0.73 0.70 0.02 0.70 0.79 0.788
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.38 0.38 0.35 0.31 0.36 0.27 0.49 0.02 0.42 0.03 0.54 0.03 0.64 0.03 0.03 0.48 0.44 -0.23 0.48 0.51 0.514
Interest Coverage — — — — — — 154.92 74.79 54.60 42.24 43.88 46.73 44.86 43.42 41.23 55.70 15.98 9.39 6.54 4.89 4.893
Equity Multiplier 3.52 3.37 1.96 2.04 2.00 1.97 2.15 2.08 2.07 2.17 2.11 2.24 2.17 2.66 2.67 2.59 2.70 2.72 2.77 2.99 2.987
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.416
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 7.983
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.348
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.630
Defensive Interval snapshot only 325.1 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.19 2.12 1.57 1.60 1.47 1.47 1.15 2.50 1.11 2.29 1.13 17.61 1.10 18.10 2.65 2.13 1.38 2.30 2.34 1.23 1.229
Inventory Turnover 59.67 59.51 66.77 51.50 52.87 57.17 59.46 115.04 49.11 109.43 60.78 892.95 49.96 982.77 145.92 99.48 53.28 114.27 113.32 76.18 76.182
Receivables Turnover 11.35 12.88 10.09 11.93 9.27 11.11 8.01 10.43 8.65 10.01 8.25 9.95 9.58 9.22 8.92 10.93 9.86 10.71 17.67 10.93 10.927
Payables Turnover 3.47 7.87 3.39 7.27 3.28 6.36 3.05 5.47 2.94 7.00 3.00 4.14 3.43 3.88 3.10 3.51 4.17 3.22 6.69 3.81 3.806
DSO 32 28 36 31 39 33 46 35 42 36 44 37 38 40 41 33 37 34 21 33 33.4 days
DIO 6 6 5 7 7 6 6 3 7 3 6 0 7 0 3 4 7 3 3 5 4.8 days
DPO 105 46 108 50 111 57 120 67 124 52 122 88 106 94 118 104 87 113 55 96 95.9 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -67 -12 -66 -13 -65 -18 -68 -29 -74 -12 -71 -51 -61 -54 -74 -67 -44 -76 -31 -58 -57.7 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.810
Operating Cycle snapshot only 38.2 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 9.737
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.867
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 5.7% 7.4% 8.4% 8.5% 8.3% 7.2% 6.4% 5.8% 7.2% 9.3% 10.9% 13.3% 13.4% 17.4% 25.9% 34.2% 40.0% 36.5% 25.5% 17.2% 17.23%
Net Income -2.2% 1.6% 3.2% 12.4% 11.8% 14.5% 16.6% 7.0% 15.1% 7.8% 6.7% 9.7% -2.3% 4.3% 1.6% -2.0% -0.9% -3.1% -1.6% 12.0% 12.02%
EPS -2.3% 1.6% -1.8% -3.0% -3.5% -2.6% 4.1% 5.4% 12.9% 7.2% 6.0% 8.3% -3.1% -4.3% -10.5% -12.8% -11.7% -6.8% -2.1% 6.0% 5.97%
FCF -6.8% 12.2% 17.5% 52.9% 24.4% 19.5% 27.0% 13.6% 29.5% 31.0% 21.2% 20.3% -1.4% 5.4% 6.9% 18.4% 42.8% 33.8% 35.1% 24.1% 24.11%
EBITDA 10.1% 11.6% 11.1% 11.7% 9.6% 8.3% 11.3% 7.8% 10.5% 7.4% 5.0% 5.1% 1.4% 17.9% 25.1% 46.3% 53.9% 39.5% 32.2% 18.0% 17.96%
Op. Income 4.4% 7.4% 7.1% 10.5% 8.3% 7.4% 8.8% 6.6% 7.1% 5.7% 5.5% 4.4% 2.6% 7.3% 12.0% 22.3% 31.2% 34.0% 27.7% 21.2% 21.23%
OCF Growth snapshot only 19.30%
Asset Growth snapshot only 13.89%
Equity Growth snapshot only -1.09%
Debt Growth snapshot only 27.16%
Shares Change snapshot only 5.70%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -9.74%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — 69.6% 34.4% 16.8% 7.1% 8.0% 8.6% 9.2% 9.6% 11.2% 14.1% 17.2% 19.4% 20.5% 20.6% 21.3% 21.26%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 44.3% 27.7% 19.4% 14.3% 15.1% 15.1% 15.4% 15.39%
EPS 3Y — — — — — 54.1% 25.2% 8.9% 2.1% 2.0% 2.7% 3.5% 1.8% -0.0% -0.4% -0.2% -1.2% -1.5% -2.4% 0.0% 0.03%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.3% 13.2% 4.1% -1.9% -1.1% -1.0% 0.5% 0.46%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — 62.8% 32.2% 15.0% 7.9% 7.9% 8.7% 9.7% 7.9% 8.8% 8.1% 4.8% 3.6% 2.9% 2.2% 6.4% 6.37%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 37.1% 20.2% 10.3% 4.0% 4.9% 5.1% 7.7% 7.67%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — 72.8% 37.2% 19.6% 10.1% 9.1% 9.1% 8.2% 7.1% 11.1% 13.5% 18.4% 19.9% 20.9% 20.2% 22.0% 21.95%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 45.6% 27.6% 21.4% 15.8% 16.4% 16.5% 16.9% 16.92%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — 74.6% 39.0% 21.6% 11.5% 11.5% 11.4% 10.9% 10.0% 11.5% 14.1% 17.0% 19.0% 19.7% 16.7% 13.4% 13.45%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 46.5% 29.4% 21.3% 16.1% 16.4% 14.6% 12.5% 12.55%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — 66.5% 32.9% 16.1% 6.6% 6.8% 7.1% 7.1% 6.0% 6.8% 8.7% 10.8% 13.0% 15.0% 14.7% 15.7% 15.66%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 39.3% 22.6% 14.9% 10.3% 11.9% 12.0% 12.8% 12.75%
FCF 3Y — — — — — 51.2% 38.1% 14.3% 14.5% 20.6% 21.8% 27.9% 16.7% 18.2% 18.0% 17.4% 22.2% 22.7% 20.5% 20.9% 20.90%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 36.7% 27.8% 16.3% 16.1% 19.9% 21.2% 25.1% 25.15%
OCF 3Y — — — — — 62.8% 40.1% 19.0% 13.9% 13.9% 13.4% 13.9% 10.6% 14.4% 16.3% 20.2% 21.7% 23.4% 21.1% 20.8% 20.80%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — 43.0% 30.3% 20.0% 16.4% 17.8% 18.2% 18.7% 18.69%
Assets 3Y — — — — — 40.3% 43.6% -44.0% 41.8% -45.3% 31.8% -46.3% 34.5% -45.9% -54.7% 22.4% 14.4% 17.6% 13.4% 2.0% 1.95%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — -25.4% -26.4% 31.7% 29.0% 28.5% 27.1% 28.3% 28.34%
Equity 3Y — — — — — 55.4% 54.7% -39.4% 59.8% -37.5% 51.9% -39.2% 58.0% -41.4% -59.2% 12.9% 3.4% 5.7% 4.1% 1.6% 1.61%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — 47.1% 46.5% -42.6% 51.2% -40.9% 43.5% -42.6% 49.1% -46.2% -62.4% 7.6% -1.4% 1.1% -0.6% 1.5% 1.46%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — -0.6% -0.9% -0.8% -3.0% -3.9% -3.9% -5.9% -5.0% -9.2% -10.1% -7.7% -10.4% -9.0% -8.8% -7.4% -7.43%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Revenue Stability — 0.82 0.85 0.91 0.98 0.74 0.79 0.88 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.96 0.97 0.91 0.96 0.92 0.77 0.81 0.86 0.88 0.877
Earnings Stability — 0.77 0.80 0.98 0.58 0.75 0.84 0.95 0.81 0.75 0.85 0.97 0.83 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.76 0.86 0.84 0.94 0.942
Margin Stability — 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.95 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.92 0.925
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.500
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.95 0.94 0.93 0.97 0.94 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.99 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.95 0.952
Earnings Smoothness 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.88 0.89 0.86 0.85 0.93 0.86 0.92 0.94 0.91 0.98 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.97 0.98 0.89 0.887
ROE Trend — 0.34 -0.48 -0.52 -0.80 -0.75 -0.36 5.24 -0.37 5.31 0.02 2.99 -0.02 3.79 6.83 -5.74 0.02 -6.17 -3.45 -2.88 -2.878
Gross Margin Trend — 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.04 -0.08 -0.085
FCF Margin Trend — -0.04 -0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.001
Sustainable Growth Rate 13.2% 13.1% 6.4% 9.2% 5.8% 6.2% 5.3% 7.0% 6.4% 10.1% 5.7% 1.1% 4.4% 1.3% 16.4% 15.4% 9.7% 19.4% 21.0% 13.8% 13.76%
Internal Growth Rate 4.2% 4.1% 2.9% 4.1% 2.5% 2.8% 2.6% 3.5% 3.3% 5.4% 2.7% 97.3% 2.1% 1.2% 8.3% 6.4% 4.2% 7.7% 8.2% 5.2% 5.19%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.90 1.90 1.89 1.80 1.78 1.79 1.87 1.98 1.94 2.04 1.96 2.00 2.04 2.21 2.35 2.72 2.89 3.10 3.11 2.90 2.898
FCF/OCF 0.46 0.50 0.50 0.57 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.54 0.55 0.52 0.53 0.55 0.54 0.54 0.55 0.549
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.591
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.905
CapEx/Revenue 16.9% 15.7% 15.3% 13.4% 13.9% 14.1% 14.9% 15.5% 15.5% 14.5% 13.6% 13.6% 14.9% 15.3% 15.5% 15.8% 14.5% 15.5% 15.4% 15.3% 15.31%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.055
Accruals Ratio -0.32 -0.31 -0.23 -0.22 -0.20 -0.20 -0.18 -0.42 -0.19 -0.41 -0.19 -2.95 -0.18 -3.35 -0.49 -0.45 -0.29 -0.52 -0.54 -0.27 -0.273
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.147
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.475
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.83%
Dividend/Share $15.63 $15.87 $15.42 $14.49 $15.32 $15.61 $15.78 $16.40 $16.18 $16.29 $16.48 $16.07 $16.37 $14.41 $13.52 $12.98 $12.10 $11.92 $11.74 $11.71 $7.35
Payout Ratio 88.8% 88.5% 89.0% 85.8% 90.1% 89.5% 87.5% 92.1% 84.3% 87.0% 86.2% 83.3% 88.0% 80.5% 79.1% 77.2% 73.7% 71.4% 70.1% 65.7% 65.72%
FCF Payout Ratio 1.0% 93.9% 94.2% 84.1% 93.4% 91.0% 85.0% 85.0% 77.7% 72.8% 73.7% 70.1% 80.3% 66.7% 64.3% 53.7% 46.7% 42.9% 41.5% 41.3% 41.32%
Total Payout Ratio 90.1% 89.6% 90.4% 87.0% 92.0% 91.5% 89.9% 94.9% 87.2% 90.3% 89.3% 86.5% 91.4% 83.5% 82.6% 80.3% 77.1% 74.6% 73.1% 68.7% 68.67%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.68 0.68 0.70 0.69 0.69 0.70 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.62 0.59 0.58 0.56 0.57 0.565
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.95 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.89 0.87 0.86 0.86 0.90 0.901
EBIT Margin 0.26 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.26 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.26 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.23 0.230
Asset Turnover 2.19 2.12 1.57 1.60 1.47 1.47 1.15 2.50 1.11 2.29 1.13 17.61 1.10 18.10 2.65 2.13 1.38 2.30 2.34 1.23 1.229
Equity Multiplier 3.25 3.31 2.28 2.37 2.35 2.30 2.06 2.04 2.04 1.98 2.13 2.16 2.12 2.40 2.14 2.57 2.43 2.71 2.77 2.79 2.789
Per Share
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $17.61 $17.92 $17.33 $16.90 $17.00 $17.45 $18.04 $17.80 $19.19 $18.72 $19.11 $19.29 $18.60 $17.91 $17.11 $16.82 $16.42 $16.69 $16.76 $17.82 $17.82
Book Value/Share $15.63 $16.38 $44.55 $37.88 $44.27 $45.12 $46.21 $2.97 $50.02 $3.09 $46.99 $3.11 $51.79 $2.56 $2.37 $47.18 $42.48 $46.69 $45.42 $44.15 $51.61
Tangible Book/Share $9.43 $10.13 $38.66 $32.55 $38.31 $38.85 $38.94 $2.32 $42.36 $2.41 $39.07 $2.08 $41.54 $-12.03 $-12.95 $32.98 $29.08 $31.53 $44.56 $28.07 $28.07
Revenue/Share $107.15 $109.82 $106.87 $98.50 $100.18 $100.09 $101.56 $102.65 $105.38 $108.79 $111.85 $114.90 $118.57 $117.10 $124.04 $137.21 $147.82 $153.64 $154.93 $152.18 $79.95
FCF/Share $15.27 $16.90 $16.38 $17.23 $16.40 $17.16 $18.57 $19.29 $20.83 $22.36 $22.36 $22.92 $20.38 $21.62 $21.05 $24.14 $25.92 $27.80 $28.29 $28.35 $14.57
OCF/Share $33.39 $34.09 $32.76 $30.46 $30.35 $31.33 $33.73 $35.23 $37.14 $38.09 $37.54 $38.52 $38.01 $39.57 $40.24 $45.76 $47.41 $51.65 $52.13 $51.64 $25.75
Cash/Share $7.79 $6.21 $7.28 $7.93 $8.60 $10.10 $8.79 $0.80 $12.60 $0.87 $6.37 $0.72 $7.91 $0.68 $0.45 $12.78 $14.43 $13.79 $12.49 $15.63 $15.77
EBITDA/Share $38.47 $39.45 $38.29 $35.63 $36.42 $36.34 $38.06 $37.84 $39.47 $38.81 $39.68 $39.28 $39.74 $41.97 $43.72 $51.14 $54.47 $56.30 $57.52 $57.07 $57.07
Debt/Share $22.41 $21.29 $20.68 $18.91 $21.58 $19.74 $27.59 $1.70 $29.31 $1.95 $27.98 $2.05 $33.17 $2.09 $1.94 $37.37 $38.18 $1.06 $40.31 $44.96 $44.96
Net Debt/Share $14.63 $15.08 $13.40 $10.97 $12.98 $9.64 $18.80 $0.90 $16.71 $1.08 $21.61 $1.34 $25.27 $1.41 $1.49 $24.60 $23.75 $-12.73 $27.82 $29.33 $29.33
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 6 5 6 5 5 7 5 6 6 5 4 5 5 5 6 4 4 6 6
Beneish M-Score -3.67 -3.71 -2.21 -2.31 -2.13 -2.14 -3.12 -19.39 -3.10 -19.87 -3.19 -15.25 -3.14 -17.10 -23.37 -2.89 -3.38 -3.35 -5.41 -5.00 -5.004
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.840
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 80.19%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-39.45
EVA snapshot only $36711375645.33
Credit
Metric Trend Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Q4'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 76.25 76.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 79.25 80.25 81.75 80.25 81.75 80.25 81.75 80.25 81.75 81.75 80.25 79.00 77.75 72.75 69.00 69.000
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only -11.250
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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