— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: VLID3.SA (SAO) · $vol 1M

VSSPY OTC

Valid Soluções S.A.
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +9.9% 1Y: +13.4% 3Y: +129.9% 5Y: +281.1%
$4.23
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Specialty Business Services · Tech Score Neutral · Power 54 · $331.0M mcap · 41M float · 0.0005% daily turnover · Short 79% of daily vol

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
43
Balance Sheet
75
Earnings Quality
72
Growth
21
Value
—
Momentum
55
Safety
—
Cash Flow
46

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.52
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.59
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB+
Score: 64.0/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.38x
Accruals: -3.0%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. VSSPY scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. VSSPY's score of -2.52 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. VSSPY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. VSSPY receives an estimated rating of BBB+ (score: 64.0/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). VSSPY's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
6.26x
PEG
-0.33x
P/S
0.69x
P/B
0.82x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$37.75
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 6.3x earnings, VSSPY trades at a deep value multiple. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $37.75 per share, suggesting a potential 793% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.863
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.603
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.215
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.697
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.688
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
13.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. VSSPY's ROE of 13.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.697), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
9.80%
Fair P/E
28.09x
Intrinsic Value
$81.41
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with VSSPY's realized 9.8% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. VSSPY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $81.41, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 28.1x compares to the current market P/E of 6.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$4.23
Median 1Y
$3.22
5th Pctile
$0.65
95th Pctile
$16.16
Ann. Volatility
97.7%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE -2.0% 5.1% 4.0% 5.1% 3.7% 2.9% 9.3% 14.0% 15.0% 16.8% 21.4% 22.0% 23.2% 24.6% 18.6% 16.5% 14.0% 15.0% 14.1% 13.1% 13.14%
ROA -0.8% 2.0% 1.5% 2.0% 1.6% 1.2% 4.0% 6.3% 7.4% 8.2% 11.1% 12.1% 12.8% 13.9% 10.8% 10.0% 8.4% 8.6% 8.2% 7.8% 7.78%
ROIC 5.9% 8.8% 15.1% 15.8% 18.1% 27.9% 27.2% 28.5% 29.4% 27.4% 26.4% 23.9% 20.8% 18.4% 28.5% 24.4% 15.4% 19.4% 19.5% 16.5% 16.53%
ROCE 5.2% 7.9% 8.5% 17.1% 19.9% 20.0% 24.8% 20.0% 20.4% 20.0% 16.7% 16.3% 17.6% 17.9% 18.5% 18.6% 17.1% 16.9% 17.6% 18.4% 18.37%
Gross Margin 24.0% 23.4% 26.5% 36.6% 36.3% 35.3% 39.2% 36.2% 35.0% 35.2% 37.0% 36.6% 36.3% 33.6% 33.6% 32.3% 33.3% 35.4% 38.7% 33.8% 33.84%
Operating Margin 15.9% 10.5% 13.7% 35.0% 28.9% 42.1% 22.9% 28.3% 31.8% 18.1% 18.4% 20.1% 18.5% 13.2% 15.6% 11.4% 12.2% 17.0% 25.9% 14.9% 14.95%
Net Margin 9.0% 5.1% -3.1% -0.9% 7.8% 4.0% 11.2% 10.8% 10.9% 5.6% 30.5% 15.4% 15.6% 10.7% 14.7% 11.0% 9.1% 16.0% 12.5% 7.1% 7.14%
EBITDA Margin 21.8% 18.1% 9.3% 47.1% 26.4% 27.6% 27.5% 25.3% 26.0% 23.2% 44.5% 26.2% 55.9% 18.9% 26.0% 28.1% 27.2% 22.7% 31.5% 29.2% 29.18%
FCF Margin 3.7% 4.1% 10.7% 14.3% 14.0% 22.5% 22.3% 20.4% 28.4% 27.0% 23.9% 27.9% 22.1% 15.2% 21.9% 14.9% 16.5% 15.8% 10.7% 10.5% 10.52%
OCF Margin 9.9% 9.1% 15.4% 20.3% 19.2% 27.0% 26.4% 24.0% 30.9% 29.3% 26.6% 30.2% 24.5% 20.1% 27.2% 20.8% 22.4% 19.8% 15.2% 15.4% 15.44%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.32%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 13.49%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.77%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.54%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 13.06%
Cash ROA snapshot only 10.56%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 16.66%
CROIC snapshot only 11.35%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 15.32%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 12.94%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 17.78%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.24%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 6.261
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.695
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.822
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $37.75
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.57 1.55 1.48 1.72 1.61 1.87 1.89 2.03 2.00 2.30 2.82 3.12 2.87 2.88 2.83 3.04 3.14 2.42 2.32 2.30 2.296
Quick Ratio 1.21 1.20 1.13 1.37 1.21 1.41 1.43 1.50 1.53 1.87 2.17 2.42 2.33 2.44 2.38 2.50 2.65 2.06 1.98 1.94 1.940
Debt/Equity 1.05 1.01 1.09 0.89 0.87 0.70 0.71 0.59 0.54 0.55 0.46 0.36 0.36 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.35 0.46 0.43 0.41 0.415
Net Debt/Equity 0.72 0.70 0.71 0.66 0.57 0.41 0.39 0.37 0.22 0.22 0.08 0.04 0.04 -0.00 -0.36 -0.29 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.100
Debt/Assets 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.36 0.42 0.33 0.33 0.29 0.27 0.28 0.26 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.21 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.239
Debt/EBITDA 4.56 3.64 3.77 2.13 2.17 1.62 1.44 1.40 1.32 1.24 1.09 0.93 0.74 0.76 0.00 0.00 1.15 1.46 1.34 1.27 1.275
Net Debt/EBITDA 3.14 2.52 2.44 1.57 1.42 0.94 0.79 0.88 0.54 0.50 0.19 0.11 0.08 -0.00 -0.89 -0.71 0.14 0.04 0.16 0.31 0.306
Interest Coverage 0.82 1.06 0.70 1.33 1.13 0.90 1.34 1.12 1.20 1.73 1.63 1.71 2.46 2.79 3.11 2.99 2.45 2.48 2.32 2.62 2.616
Equity Multiplier 2.47 2.46 2.59 2.48 2.08 2.16 2.13 2.02 1.97 1.96 1.78 1.65 1.67 1.64 1.68 1.64 1.67 1.84 1.77 1.73 1.734
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.907
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 3.341
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.760
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.301
Defensive Interval snapshot only 976.9 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.70 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.70 0.69 0.73 0.79 0.87 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.68 0.67 0.70 0.697
Inventory Turnover 5.96 5.99 5.41 5.36 5.06 4.29 3.76 4.19 4.44 5.13 4.21 4.37 4.74 5.88 4.93 5.05 5.54 5.79 5.84 5.72 5.724
Receivables Turnover 4.59 10.10 5.36 5.99 5.10 28.28 7.83 9.37 8.97 9.97 27.93 27.71 8.39 5.06 9.53 9.03 4.75 4.48 5.20 4.79 4.790
Payables Turnover 9.50 8.60 9.45 9.14 9.06 6.92 10.55 8.11 7.81 8.18 14.09 9.56 8.22 8.16 8.54 9.06 8.47 7.88 7.48 7.74 7.743
DSO 80 36 68 61 72 13 47 39 41 37 13 13 43 72 38 40 77 81 70 76 76.2 days
DIO 61 61 67 68 72 85 97 87 82 71 87 84 77 62 74 72 66 63 62 64 63.8 days
DPO 38 42 39 40 40 53 35 45 47 45 26 38 44 45 43 40 43 46 49 47 47.1 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 102 55 97 89 103 45 109 81 76 63 74 59 76 90 70 72 100 98 84 93 92.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 7.859
Operating Cycle snapshot only 140.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 3.765
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.462
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 10.5% 13.3% 16.4% 5.7% -1.4% -8.2% -14.0% -7.8% -1.1% 11.7% 12.3% 7.6% 5.5% -3.7% -1.0% -1.6% -4.3% -4.6% -7.8% -5.9% -5.89%
Net Income 83.3% 1.3% 1.2% 1.8% 2.9% -40.4% 1.4% 1.9% 3.3% 5.0% 1.7% 85.1% 79.5% 78.6% 1.6% -13.3% -32.2% -31.1% -20.0% -19.2% -19.16%
EPS 85.4% 1.3% 1.2% 1.8% 2.8% -40.0% 1.4% 1.9% 3.4% 5.0% 1.7% 84.2% 79.7% 78.6% 3.3% -11.5% -31.1% -29.7% -19.6% -18.8% -18.77%
FCF -38.3% -42.9% 4.1% 10.5% 2.7% 4.1% 79.6% 31.4% 1.0% 34.2% 20.5% 47.0% -18.0% -45.6% -9.2% -47.6% -28.5% -1.5% -55.2% -33.4% -33.37%
EBITDA 3.0% 3.7% 2.6% 1.2% 79.5% 53.9% 89.8% 7.6% 9.5% 7.0% 2.5% 18.3% 47.3% 37.2% 9.0% 9.3% -36.0% -31.7% -21.9% -20.7% -20.72%
Op. Income 1.2% 6.5% 6.6% 3.2% 1.8% 1.7% 1.3% 55.9% 45.8% -3.9% -15.4% -21.5% -36.3% -33.0% -30.9% -34.2% -33.0% -22.9% -10.5% 9.3% 9.27%
OCF Growth snapshot only -30.17%
Asset Growth snapshot only 3.75%
Equity Growth snapshot only -1.66%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.47%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 61.49%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 8.2% 8.2% 8.8% 6.8% 3.7% 0.2% -1.3% 0.7% 2.5% 5.2% 4.0% 1.6% 1.0% -0.4% -1.5% -0.8% -0.1% 0.9% 0.8% -0.1% -0.10%
Revenue 5Y 20.0% 11.4% 6.9% 6.8% 6.1% 5.1% 4.2% 4.5% 4.3% 5.4% 4.5% 3.9% 3.1% 1.6% 1.4% 1.6% 1.7% 1.3% 0.5% -0.6% -0.57%
EPS 3Y — -19.0% -23.5% -14.6% -24.8% -16.3% 32.6% — — — — — — 85.7% 87.7% 67.7% 75.5% 95.8% 30.2% 9.8% 9.80%
EPS 5Y — -8.6% -14.4% -10.9% -5.8% 2.9% 20.6% 25.9% 24.8% 13.8% 23.4% 27.1% 27.2% 44.3% 45.0% — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — -15.8% -20.9% -11.7% -21.2% -13.1% 38.4% — — — — — — 85.5% 87.4% 67.4% 72.9% 94.7% 29.4% 9.1% 9.08%
Net Income 5Y — -4.8% -11.1% -7.6% -3.2% 5.2% 23.2% 28.4% 27.7% 16.3% 26.3% 30.1% 30.1% 47.7% 48.3% — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y -1.4% 2.8% 1.2% 15.4% 16.5% 26.4% 35.8% 80.9% 98.8% 97.2% 91.8% 40.3% 42.5% 31.2% 28.5% 11.6% 1.1% 0.1% -4.4% 0.8% 0.81%
EBITDA 5Y 17.8% 12.8% 7.0% 15.5% 17.0% 17.7% 18.8% 15.8% 13.5% 12.3% 15.1% 14.3% 20.6% 24.3% 22.9% 50.2% 49.3% 48.3% 43.1% 19.1% 19.06%
Gross Profit 3Y 5.2% 6.8% 11.2% 13.9% 14.9% 15.1% 18.6% 25.0% 28.9% 33.7% 30.8% 20.2% 18.4% 14.7% 10.3% 7.0% 3.2% 1.2% -1.2% -1.6% -1.59%
Gross Profit 5Y 16.2% 8.7% 6.5% 9.0% 11.4% 13.7% 14.0% 13.7% 13.0% 14.1% 13.7% 14.2% 13.7% 12.0% 12.0% 13.9% 14.6% 15.3% 14.7% 9.5% 9.55%
Op. Income 3Y -8.4% -2.3% 7.8% 24.7% 30.0% 51.1% 62.6% 80.1% 1.1% 1.7% 1.4% 72.6% 37.8% 20.0% 9.9% -7.0% -14.7% -20.8% -19.4% -17.4% -17.36%
Op. Income 5Y 26.8% 23.2% 26.3% 31.0% 36.8% 38.9% 32.2% 28.4% 25.8% 19.2% 19.2% 18.9% 15.3% 17.3% 20.2% 24.7% 31.0% 58.4% 55.4% 29.9% 29.88%
FCF 3Y -20.6% -10.7% 27.3% 49.1% 45.0% 50.0% 49.4% 38.2% 66.2% 57.4% 1.2% 1.8% 82.6% 54.9% 25.3% 0.4% 5.6% -10.4% -21.1% -19.9% -19.94%
FCF 5Y 5.0% -7.0% 17.5% 51.8% 51.5% 66.5% 38.6% 18.7% 30.0% 37.2% 34.9% 45.0% 38.1% 19.7% 29.6% 15.3% 21.9% 15.9% 35.1% 50.6% 50.60%
OCF 3Y -2.9% 0.0% 21.4% 40.1% 24.7% 29.7% 28.5% 19.6% 40.5% 32.4% 49.0% 66.5% 36.4% 29.5% 19.1% 0.1% 5.3% -9.0% -16.1% -13.7% -13.72%
OCF 5Y 15.4% 0.3% 13.5% 30.6% 35.9% 46.1% 30.2% 15.9% 22.7% 26.9% 24.4% 32.4% 20.9% 11.9% 19.5% 9.5% 15.2% 7.6% 11.5% 16.9% 16.92%
Assets 3Y 9.8% 11.3% 7.7% 7.2% 0.5% 1.9% -1.4% -4.8% -4.7% -3.9% -4.8% -1.9% -2.5% -1.7% -0.1% -1.4% 2.7% 5.7% 3.8% 4.4% 4.40%
Assets 5Y 7.1% 8.3% 8.0% 7.4% 5.0% 5.3% 5.8% 1.5% 3.1% 2.5% 2.9% 2.4% 1.6% 3.2% 0.8% -1.1% -1.5% 1.9% -0.8% 0.5% 0.51%
Equity 3Y 4.4% 5.5% 1.8% 3.4% 3.1% 4.0% 1.0% 3.9% 5.1% 6.9% 8.4% 13.7% 11.0% 12.5% 15.2% 13.1% 10.6% 11.4% 10.3% 9.9% 9.87%
Book Value 3Y 0.7% 1.5% -1.6% -0.0% -1.6% 0.2% -3.2% -0.6% 0.4% 2.2% 4.5% 13.7% 10.8% 12.7% 15.4% 13.3% 12.2% 12.0% 11.0% 10.6% 10.59%
Dividend 3Y -9.7% -65.6% 0.8% 0.8% -0.5% 1.2% -9.1% 7.6% 21.6% 53.4% 47.3% 47.0% 24.0% -18.9% 7.8% -27.3% -7.9% 28.2% -9.3% 17.9% 17.91%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.91 0.93 0.87 0.99 0.93 0.68 0.51 0.69 0.79 0.78 0.51 0.61 0.72 0.35 0.09 0.34 0.63 0.35 0.21 0.00 0.001
Earnings Stability 0.32 0.16 0.22 0.20 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.10 0.09 0.24 0.52 0.54 0.61 0.66 0.93 0.86 0.81 0.76 0.69 0.692
Margin Stability 0.87 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.82 0.76 0.71 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.70 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.81 0.809
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.99 0.95 0.87 0.88 0.92 0.92 0.923
Earnings Smoothness — — — — — 0.49 0.17 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.40 0.43 0.44 0.98 0.86 0.62 0.63 0.78 0.79 0.788
ROE Trend 0.00 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.12 0.12 0.03 -0.00 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.046
Gross Margin Trend 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 0.00 0.002
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.03 0.06 0.10 0.09 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.20 0.14 0.07 0.11 0.01 -0.09 -0.01 -0.09 -0.09 -0.05 -0.12 -0.11 -0.109
Sustainable Growth Rate — 5.0% 1.8% 3.0% 1.7% 1.0% 7.6% 11.1% 11.0% 9.1% 16.0% 14.2% 16.7% 21.3% 12.8% 14.0% 9.7% 8.9% 10.1% 9.1% 9.09%
Internal Growth Rate — 2.0% 0.7% 1.2% 0.7% 0.4% 3.3% 5.2% 5.8% 4.6% 9.0% 8.5% 10.2% 13.6% 8.0% 9.3% 6.2% 5.4% 6.2% 5.7% 5.69%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -8.79 3.37 7.58 7.49 8.78 15.29 4.59 2.79 3.30 3.09 1.95 2.05 1.53 1.15 1.94 1.60 1.98 1.56 1.25 1.38 1.382
FCF/OCF 0.38 0.44 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.92 0.92 0.90 0.93 0.90 0.76 0.81 0.71 0.74 0.79 0.70 0.68 0.681
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.942
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.563
CapEx/Revenue 6.2% 5.1% 4.8% 5.9% 5.2% 4.5% 4.1% 3.5% 2.5% 2.3% 2.7% 2.3% 2.4% 4.9% 5.3% 6.0% 5.9% 4.1% 4.5% 4.9% 4.92%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.826
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.05 -0.10 -0.13 -0.13 -0.18 -0.14 -0.11 -0.17 -0.17 -0.10 -0.13 -0.07 -0.02 -0.10 -0.06 -0.08 -0.05 -0.02 -0.03 -0.030
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.102
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.846
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.38%
Dividend/Share $0.28 $0.03 $0.32 $0.32 $0.31 $0.30 $0.27 $0.45 $0.65 $1.22 $0.96 $1.42 $1.24 $0.65 $1.21 $0.55 $0.95 $1.37 $0.89 $0.89 $1.87
Payout Ratio — 3.4% 54.0% 42.0% 54.3% 66.3% 19.0% 20.5% 26.4% 45.8% 25.4% 35.3% 28.2% 13.6% 31.2% 15.5% 31.1% 40.9% 28.6% 30.8% 30.84%
FCF Payout Ratio 27.6% 2.3% 10.3% 7.9% 8.5% 5.2% 4.9% 8.6% 8.7% 16.0% 14.5% 18.6% 20.3% 15.7% 19.9% 13.6% 21.3% 32.9% 32.6% 32.7% 32.74%
Total Payout Ratio — 15.1% 86.6% 70.2% 91.6% 1.2% 28.9% 25.6% 30.9% 45.8% 25.4% 35.3% 30.5% 20.3% 43.4% 28.8% 46.8% 52.3% 38.1% 43.5% 43.47%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 7.21 0.88 1.12 0.44 0.40 0.33 0.53 0.83 0.76 0.78 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.87 0.87 0.95 0.98 1.12 1.04 0.86 0.863
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) -0.03 0.38 0.24 0.37 0.31 0.27 0.43 0.53 0.64 0.68 0.97 1.02 0.99 1.01 0.79 0.67 0.59 0.56 0.55 0.60 0.603
EBIT Margin 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.25 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.20 0.21 0.21 0.215
Asset Turnover 0.70 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.70 0.69 0.73 0.79 0.87 0.81 0.82 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.68 0.67 0.70 0.697
Equity Multiplier 2.55 2.57 2.60 2.53 2.27 2.31 2.34 2.24 2.03 2.06 1.93 1.81 1.81 1.77 1.73 1.65 1.67 1.74 1.73 1.69 1.688
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-0.31 $0.74 $0.59 $0.76 $0.56 $0.45 $1.42 $2.19 $2.46 $2.67 $3.76 $4.03 $4.42 $4.76 $3.89 $3.57 $3.04 $3.35 $3.13 $2.90 $2.90
Book Value/Share $15.52 $15.68 $14.45 $15.21 $15.49 $15.48 $16.02 $16.16 $16.96 $16.23 $19.20 $20.59 $21.11 $22.43 $22.22 $22.13 $21.87 $21.76 $21.88 $21.86 $21.99
Tangible Book/Share $4.32 $4.53 $4.51 $5.38 $6.76 $7.13 $7.91 $7.48 $8.28 $8.03 $11.48 $12.46 $13.08 $13.61 $11.95 $11.50 $11.70 $11.65 $11.65 $11.71 $11.71
Revenue/Share $27.05 $27.38 $28.89 $27.92 $25.83 $25.29 $24.65 $25.51 $26.22 $28.19 $27.58 $27.33 $27.69 $27.14 $27.77 $27.43 $26.94 $26.41 $25.75 $25.94 $25.83
FCF/Share $1.01 $1.11 $3.08 $4.00 $3.61 $5.68 $5.49 $5.22 $7.45 $7.61 $6.59 $7.63 $6.12 $4.14 $6.09 $4.08 $4.44 $4.16 $2.75 $2.73 $2.71
OCF/Share $2.69 $2.50 $4.46 $5.66 $4.95 $6.82 $6.50 $6.11 $8.10 $8.25 $7.33 $8.25 $6.77 $5.46 $7.56 $5.71 $6.04 $5.23 $3.91 $4.01 $3.99
Cash/Share $5.05 $4.86 $5.56 $3.52 $4.64 $4.57 $5.07 $3.53 $5.42 $5.28 $7.22 $6.55 $6.78 $7.53 $7.96 $6.32 $6.76 $9.75 $8.24 $6.89 $7.26
EBITDA/Share $3.57 $4.34 $4.17 $6.39 $6.20 $6.71 $7.86 $6.81 $6.97 $7.17 $8.02 $8.01 $10.27 $9.83 $8.90 $8.93 $6.68 $6.85 $6.99 $7.11 $7.11
Debt/Share $16.25 $15.78 $15.75 $13.58 $13.45 $10.86 $11.30 $9.54 $9.19 $8.87 $8.75 $7.44 $7.59 $7.49 $0.00 $0.00 $7.69 $10.00 $9.34 $9.07 $9.07
Net Debt/Share $11.20 $10.92 $10.19 $10.06 $8.81 $6.29 $6.23 $6.00 $3.77 $3.60 $1.53 $0.89 $0.81 $-0.04 $-7.96 $-6.32 $0.93 $0.25 $1.10 $2.18 $2.18
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 7 8 8 9 8 7 7 6 7 7 7 8 9 7 6 5 6 5 5 5 5
Beneish M-Score -2.77 -3.29 -3.09 -3.31 -3.45 -3.48 -4.16 -3.61 -3.91 -1.40 -3.03 -3.23 0.20 -2.33 -0.38 0.53 -2.77 -2.46 -2.27 -2.52 -2.520
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.590
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 42.34%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1.53
EVA snapshot only $122951049.65
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB+
Credit Score 42.90 48.40 44.55 52.90 52.30 56.25 55.30 58.75 58.75 61.25 62.75 64.25 66.75 66.75 68.30 65.00 65.25 64.65 63.15 64.05 64.050
Credit Grade snapshot only 8
Credit Trend snapshot only -0.950
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 225.000

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