— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: AALB.AS (AMS) · $vol 12M · 0NX1.IL (IOB) · $vol 4M

AALBF OTC

Aalberts N.V.
1W: +0.0% 1M: -1.6% 3M: +6.6% YTD: +38.9% 1Y: +42.2% 3Y: +28.8% 5Y: -14.5%
$46.21
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Industrial - Machinery · Tech Score Sell · Power 44 · $4.9B mcap · 91M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 61% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 1Sell: 0Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
3
ROA
4
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. AALBF receives an overall rating of B. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROA (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-08-14 B- B
2026-07-25 B B-
2026-07-09 B+ B
2026-07-07 B B+
2026-07-02 B+ B
2026-06-29 None ADDED
2026-06-20 EXISTED None
2026-06-15 None ADDED
2026-06-15 EXISTED None
2026-06-10 None ADDED

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade B
Profitability
39
Balance Sheet
64
Earnings Quality
71
Growth
17
Value
—
Momentum
52
Safety
—
Cash Flow
51

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
4/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.29
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-8.37
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 67.8/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.58x
Accruals: -10.9%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. AALBF scores 4/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. AALBF's score of -2.29 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. AALBF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. AALBF receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 67.8/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). AALBF's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
30.44x
PEG
13.90x
P/S
1.47x
P/B
1.89x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$37.43
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 30.4x earnings, AALBF commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $37.43 per share, 23% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.682
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.836
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.085
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.414
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.774
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
12.2%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. AALBF's ROE of 12.2% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.414), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
$23.67
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with AALBF's realized 0.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. AALBF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $23.67, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 8.5x compares to the current market P/E of 30.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$46.21
Median 1Y
$44.49
5th Pctile
$20.85
95th Pctile
$94.90
Ann. Volatility
44.0%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 27.7% 28.4% 28.1% 29.2% 29.3% 29.9% 28.1% 25.3% 20.0% 20.8% 24.2% 29.2% 33.1% 32.8% 27.5% 26.6% 20.4% 19.3% 13.4% 12.2% 12.21%
ROA 13.1% 13.1% 13.7% 13.6% 14.7% 14.2% 14.6% 12.6% 10.7% 10.5% 13.4% 14.8% 18.1% 17.5% 16.2% 14.5% 11.7% 10.5% 7.8% 6.9% 6.88%
ROIC 19.1% 19.2% 20.8% 19.9% 19.7% 17.5% 18.3% 16.6% 18.1% 18.0% 16.1% 18.3% 18.7% 19.5% 22.7% 20.8% 17.8% 15.3% 11.1% 10.6% 10.62%
ROCE 25.5% 26.3% 26.5% 28.2% 24.3% 20.4% 15.9% 12.4% 9.6% 10.0% 9.9% 10.7% 11.8% 12.4% 15.9% 19.0% 18.7% 18.9% 16.0% 15.5% 15.47%
Gross Margin 61.8% 63.0% 61.6% 62.8% 62.3% 27.2% 26.0% 24.0% 22.7% 28.0% 25.9% 29.3% 27.7% 29.5% 28.1% 63.8% 43.4% 63.3% 24.3% 28.9% 28.91%
Operating Margin 11.7% 11.1% 10.3% 11.6% 8.8% 11.7% 10.9% 8.1% 10.1% 13.4% 8.5% 13.9% 13.7% 13.7% 14.2% 13.2% 5.1% 11.5% 5.3% 12.1% 12.10%
Net Margin 7.4% 7.3% 7.8% 8.2% 9.1% 8.2% 7.7% 5.0% 4.0% 9.7% 14.6% 9.9% 9.7% 9.3% 9.7% 9.2% 2.0% 7.7% 1.9% 7.8% 7.82%
EBITDA Margin 16.3% 15.9% 14.2% 16.3% 13.4% 11.7% 10.1% 11.0% 10.8% 12.8% 12.5% 12.7% 11.6% 12.6% 16.8% 18.4% 13.9% 17.1% 13.0% 19.2% 19.20%
FCF Margin 7.0% 7.3% 8.1% 6.8% 7.7% 7.0% 7.4% 8.0% 8.8% 10.4% 7.1% 6.3% 2.9% 2.4% 4.6% 5.3% 6.6% 6.2% 5.5% 5.9% 5.85%
OCF Margin 11.0% 11.6% 12.3% 11.0% 12.1% 11.6% 12.5% 13.5% 13.9% 15.2% 12.0% 11.3% 8.7% 9.1% 11.3% 12.4% 14.3% 13.7% 12.9% 12.5% 12.55%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 21.21%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 22.82%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.53%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 12.76%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 10.48%
Cash ROA snapshot only 17.47%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 22.28%
CROIC snapshot only 10.40%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.98%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 7.14%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 23.69%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 30.443
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.472
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.894
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 13.902
Graham Number snapshot only $37.43
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.26 1.28 1.31 1.19 1.35 1.21 1.30 1.14 1.14 1.16 1.26 1.39 1.48 1.42 1.60 1.43 1.38 1.65 1.52 1.40 1.403
Quick Ratio 0.57 0.60 0.58 0.55 0.58 0.56 0.55 0.49 0.50 0.59 0.54 0.67 0.57 0.61 0.68 0.61 0.58 0.81 0.79 0.68 0.684
Debt/Equity 0.55 0.60 0.41 0.52 0.39 0.56 0.45 0.49 0.37 0.38 0.26 0.42 0.38 0.36 0.29 0.32 0.27 0.48 0.51 0.51 0.512
Net Debt/Equity 0.52 0.57 0.38 0.49 0.35 0.54 0.42 0.46 0.34 0.35 0.23 0.30 0.34 0.33 0.23 0.30 0.23 0.41 0.46 0.44 0.442
Debt/Assets 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.25 0.20 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.20 0.20 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.20 0.17 0.19 0.16 0.26 0.29 0.28 0.279
Debt/EBITDA 0.98 1.04 0.76 0.95 0.79 1.25 1.13 1.36 1.10 1.16 0.85 1.25 1.14 1.07 0.80 0.84 0.69 1.10 1.27 1.27 1.266
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.93 0.99 0.71 0.89 0.72 1.18 1.05 1.27 1.01 1.05 0.74 0.90 1.03 0.98 0.65 0.77 0.60 0.93 1.15 1.09 1.092
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — 82.86 22.66 10.73 9.82 8.11 9.05 10.23 6.93 7.08 7.080
Equity Multiplier 2.08 2.17 1.95 2.05 1.91 2.05 1.91 1.96 1.83 1.92 1.71 1.98 1.82 1.84 1.68 1.71 1.66 1.84 1.78 1.84 1.839
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.166
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 13.097
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.138
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.293
Defensive Interval snapshot only 112.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.88 1.81 1.85 1.77 1.82 1.71 1.76 1.67 1.70 1.56 1.57 1.53 1.66 1.63 1.68 1.53 1.53 1.45 1.47 1.41 1.414
Inventory Turnover 3.77 3.44 3.73 3.42 3.61 4.18 5.27 5.64 7.00 6.39 6.36 5.86 6.12 6.06 6.19 4.78 4.46 3.88 4.34 4.62 4.624
Receivables Turnover 15.03 12.67 14.99 12.11 15.82 12.67 16.19 13.75 16.36 13.09 16.56 14.84 17.63 14.67 17.98 14.45 16.91 14.14 17.10 14.38 14.384
Payables Turnover 8.26 6.64 7.72 5.85 7.40 7.20 10.43 10.57 13.76 10.37 12.90 11.12 13.96 11.16 14.18 9.13 10.32 8.65 10.29 10.00 9.996
DSO 24 29 24 30 23 29 23 27 22 28 22 25 21 25 20 25 22 26 21 25 25.4 days
DIO 97 106 98 107 101 87 69 65 52 57 57 62 60 60 59 76 82 94 84 79 78.9 days
DPO 44 55 47 62 49 51 35 35 27 35 28 33 26 33 26 40 35 42 35 37 36.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 77 80 75 75 75 65 57 57 48 50 51 54 54 52 54 62 68 78 70 68 67.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.456
Operating Cycle snapshot only 104.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 36.246
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.718
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 55.0% 14.6% 11.5% 8.8% 9.1% 7.8% 7.4% 3.2% -0.0% 0.1% -0.2% 7.6% 13.9% 16.1% 17.3% 10.8% 4.2% -1.6% -4.8% -5.8% -5.80%
Net Income 60.2% 24.4% 23.6% 23.0% 27.1% 24.5% 19.8% 1.1% -22.5% -19.2% 2.9% 38.4% 97.5% 86.2% 32.6% 8.5% -26.9% -34.1% -48.2% -51.7% -51.67%
EPS 40.4% 45.7% 8.3% 23.1% 27.9% 6.7% 37.6% -0.3% -12.1% -19.2% 2.3% 40.1% 96.8% 85.3% 33.4% 8.5% -26.6% -33.3% -47.4% -50.5% -50.53%
FCF 2.9% 26.7% 39.4% 2.8% 20.4% 2.2% -1.7% 21.4% 14.6% 50.5% -4.7% -16.4% -62.4% -72.8% -23.2% -6.4% 1.4% 1.5% 12.6% 4.4% 4.42%
EBITDA 61.9% 22.5% 16.5% 14.0% 5.8% -4.9% -10.7% -23.8% -26.9% -19.0% -8.1% 13.9% 29.1% 27.6% 32.8% 34.2% 29.7% 32.3% 11.1% 0.5% 0.50%
Op. Income 63.6% 26.2% 20.5% 19.1% 6.9% 3.6% 5.8% -8.6% -1.9% 1.7% -5.8% 25.9% 38.3% 35.4% 60.2% 30.8% -2.4% -13.3% -39.2% -41.3% -41.28%
OCF Growth snapshot only -5.04%
Asset Growth snapshot only 3.15%
Equity Growth snapshot only -3.96%
Debt Growth snapshot only 52.18%
Shares Change snapshot only -2.31%
Dividend Growth snapshot only -34.77%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y — — — — — — 76.2% 38.4% 19.1% 7.3% 6.1% 6.5% 7.5% 7.8% 7.9% 7.2% 5.9% 4.6% 3.7% 3.9% 3.95%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 45.0% 25.9% 15.0% 7.2% 5.9% 4.8% 4.76%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — 88.0% 42.9% 16.5% 7.9% 15.1% 19.8% 30.3% 16.9% 23.4% 14.9% 8.3% -0.1% -10.5% -9.1% -9.06%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.4% 34.7% 17.9% 9.2% 1.4% -1.6% -1.60%
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — 87.9% 43.5% 16.4% 7.8% 15.1% 19.8% 24.8% 23.2% 17.8% 14.9% 3.8% -0.3% -10.9% -10.1% -10.15%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 55.4% 34.7% 17.9% 8.9% 0.9% -2.0% -2.04%
EBITDA 3Y — — — — — — 67.4% 27.1% 7.8% -1.9% -1.5% -0.4% -0.0% -0.6% 2.9% 5.2% 7.0% 11.0% 10.7% 15.4% 15.37%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 41.8% 25.7% 16.0% 9.8% 7.1% 5.9% 5.94%
Gross Profit 3Y — — — — — — 59.6% 15.3% -11.1% -19.8% -20.9% -19.4% -17.7% -17.2% -16.7% -9.8% -8.0% 2.2% 7.2% 8.8% 8.82%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.2% 14.3% 6.4% 3.0% 1.4% -3.9% -3.86%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — 78.1% 36.8% 19.7% 10.0% 6.3% 11.1% 13.2% 12.6% 16.8% 14.6% 9.8% 6.1% -2.8% -1.1% -1.09%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 53.5% 33.4% 18.3% 9.3% 3.2% 1.0% 1.05%
FCF 3Y — — — — — — 30.1% 50.0% 12.4% 24.9% 9.3% 1.4% -19.7% -25.2% -10.4% -1.7% 0.7% 0.6% -6.3% -6.5% -6.51%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.0% 21.4% 4.8% 5.7% 2.5% 0.4% 0.40%
OCF 3Y — — — — — — 44.2% 50.5% 17.2% 21.4% 11.8% 6.6% -0.6% -0.6% 4.8% 11.8% 12.0% 10.5% 4.9% 1.5% 1.53%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 26.0% 30.3% 14.6% 13.1% 11.0% 7.0% 7.05%
Assets 3Y — — — — — — 20.2% 16.4% 9.9% 10.9% 10.1% 14.2% 13.8% 12.4% 12.4% 11.2% 10.4% 8.5% 7.6% 8.8% 8.84%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 15.7% 14.6% 11.5% 10.8% 9.5% 9.0% 9.03%
Equity 3Y — — — — — — 20.2% 18.0% 15.8% 15.9% 19.1% 19.2% 19.1% 18.8% 18.3% 18.1% 15.5% 12.3% 10.2% 11.2% 11.20%
Book Value 3Y — — — — — — 20.3% 17.5% 15.8% 16.0% 19.1% 19.2% 24.3% 12.6% 23.9% 18.0% 20.5% 12.6% 10.8% 12.5% 12.54%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — 8.4% -15.6% 8.1% -16.9% 0.1% 23.1% 18.2% 33.8% 31.3% 38.6% 4.2% 14.6% -6.2% -12.9% -12.90%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability — — 0.84 0.85 0.90 0.98 0.77 0.74 0.76 0.86 0.86 0.98 0.87 0.84 0.83 0.88 0.91 0.91 0.85 0.85 0.849
Earnings Stability — — 0.91 0.94 0.99 1.00 0.90 0.82 0.43 0.37 0.85 0.91 0.71 0.67 0.91 0.93 0.59 0.42 0.14 0.07 0.069
Margin Stability — — 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.92 0.85 0.76 0.65 0.66 0.64 0.61 0.53 0.57 0.61 0.64 0.59 0.64 0.65 0.68 0.676
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence — — 0.91 0.91 0.89 0.90 0.92 1.00 0.91 0.92 0.99 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.87 0.97 0.89 0.86 0.81 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness 0.54 0.78 0.79 0.79 0.76 0.78 0.82 0.99 0.75 0.79 0.97 0.68 0.34 0.40 0.72 0.92 0.69 0.59 0.37 0.30 0.303
ROE Trend — — 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.07 -0.07 -0.04 0.01 0.06 0.06 0.02 -0.00 -0.05 -0.06 -0.10 -0.13 -0.131
Gross Margin Trend — — 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.08 -0.17 -0.27 -0.37 -0.32 -0.28 -0.22 -0.16 -0.11 -0.06 0.06 0.15 0.23 0.22 0.08 0.081
FCF Margin Trend — — -0.04 0.00 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 -0.03 -0.02 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.001
Sustainable Growth Rate 19.1% 19.0% 19.2% 19.5% 20.3% 19.8% 18.7% 20.2% 10.0% 15.8% 16.3% 21.3% 20.9% 21.0% 14.2% 8.9% 10.2% 3.6% 3.3% 1.5% 1.52%
Internal Growth Rate 9.9% 9.6% 10.4% 10.0% 11.4% 10.4% 10.7% 11.2% 5.7% 8.7% 10.0% 12.1% 13.0% 12.6% 9.2% 5.1% 6.2% 2.0% 1.9% 0.9% 0.86%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.58 1.61 1.66 1.43 1.49 1.40 1.51 1.79 2.20 2.26 1.40 1.16 0.80 0.85 1.17 1.31 1.87 1.90 2.46 2.58 2.578
FCF/OCF 0.63 0.63 0.66 0.62 0.64 0.60 0.59 0.60 0.64 0.69 0.59 0.55 0.33 0.27 0.41 0.42 0.46 0.45 0.42 0.47 0.467
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.203
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.794
CapEx/Revenue 4.0% 4.3% 4.2% 4.1% 4.4% 4.7% 5.1% 5.4% 5.1% 4.7% 4.9% 5.0% 5.8% 6.7% 6.7% 7.2% 7.7% 7.5% 7.5% 6.7% 6.69%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.922
Accruals Ratio -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.06 -0.07 -0.06 -0.07 -0.10 -0.13 -0.13 -0.05 -0.02 0.04 0.03 -0.03 -0.05 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 -0.11 -0.109
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.112
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.145
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.70%
Dividend/Share $0.86 $1.28 $0.96 $1.23 $1.08 $1.40 $1.40 $0.74 $1.55 $0.80 $1.39 $1.40 $2.24 $2.24 $2.76 $3.74 $2.24 $3.38 $2.28 $2.44 $1.15
Payout Ratio 31.2% 33.0% 31.4% 33.2% 30.7% 33.7% 33.4% 20.0% 50.0% 23.8% 32.4% 27.0% 36.7% 36.0% 48.2% 66.4% 50.1% 81.5% 75.7% 87.6% 87.57%
FCF Payout Ratio 31.2% 32.4% 28.9% 37.3% 32.5% 40.3% 37.4% 18.7% 35.7% 15.3% 39.3% 41.9% 1.4% 1.6% 1.0% 1.2% 58.0% 95.0% 72.9% 72.8% 72.80%
Total Payout Ratio 31.2% 33.0% 31.4% 33.2% 30.7% 33.7% 33.4% 20.0% 51.1% 24.9% 33.2% 27.7% 36.7% 36.0% 48.9% 67.1% 50.9% 95.5% 98.8% 1.2% 1.25%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.72 0.72 0.69 0.68 0.682
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.89 0.89 0.92 0.92 1.02 1.20 1.44 1.75 2.00 2.01 2.44 2.37 2.41 2.36 1.65 1.35 1.14 0.95 0.86 0.84 0.836
EBIT Margin 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.085
Asset Turnover 1.88 1.81 1.85 1.77 1.82 1.71 1.76 1.67 1.70 1.56 1.57 1.53 1.66 1.63 1.68 1.53 1.53 1.45 1.47 1.41 1.414
Equity Multiplier 2.11 2.18 2.05 2.14 1.99 2.10 1.93 2.00 1.87 1.98 1.80 1.97 1.82 1.87 1.69 1.83 1.74 1.84 1.73 1.77 1.774
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.76 $3.90 $3.05 $3.71 $3.53 $4.16 $4.20 $3.70 $3.10 $3.36 $4.29 $5.19 $6.10 $6.22 $5.73 $5.63 $4.48 $4.15 $3.01 $2.79 $2.79
Book Value/Share $10.87 $14.68 $11.73 $13.84 $13.16 $15.29 $16.37 $15.68 $16.04 $17.01 $19.28 $19.64 $20.89 $20.97 $22.29 $22.74 $23.02 $21.83 $22.24 $22.35 $22.51
Tangible Book/Share $1.94 $2.64 $2.86 $3.66 $3.32 $3.83 $4.43 $4.09 $4.69 $5.51 $6.89 $6.09 $6.93 $7.40 $9.21 $9.67 $10.11 $8.45 $7.78 $7.91 $7.91
Revenue/Share $39.58 $54.07 $41.07 $48.29 $43.44 $49.93 $50.64 $49.15 $49.30 $49.98 $50.26 $53.51 $55.94 $57.74 $59.27 $59.34 $58.57 $57.54 $57.25 $57.22 $28.81
FCF/Share $2.75 $3.97 $3.31 $3.30 $3.34 $3.47 $3.74 $3.95 $4.34 $5.22 $3.55 $3.35 $1.62 $1.41 $2.74 $3.13 $3.87 $3.56 $3.13 $3.35 $1.77
OCF/Share $4.35 $6.28 $5.05 $5.30 $5.24 $5.81 $6.33 $6.62 $6.83 $7.58 $6.02 $6.04 $4.86 $5.26 $6.69 $7.39 $8.37 $7.90 $7.41 $7.18 $3.34
Cash/Share $0.32 $0.44 $0.34 $0.45 $0.43 $0.44 $0.53 $0.53 $0.50 $0.58 $0.65 $2.31 $0.71 $0.67 $1.21 $0.56 $0.81 $1.63 $1.12 $1.58 $1.59
EBITDA/Share $6.10 $8.50 $6.34 $7.56 $6.49 $6.92 $6.51 $5.68 $5.38 $5.61 $5.95 $6.55 $6.93 $7.12 $7.94 $8.79 $9.02 $9.54 $8.95 $9.04 $9.04
Debt/Share $5.97 $8.87 $4.82 $7.20 $5.10 $8.62 $7.35 $7.74 $5.93 $6.50 $5.06 $8.20 $7.86 $7.62 $6.35 $7.35 $6.21 $10.47 $11.38 $11.45 $11.45
Net Debt/Share $5.65 $8.43 $4.48 $6.75 $4.67 $8.18 $6.82 $7.21 $5.43 $5.92 $4.41 $5.89 $7.15 $6.96 $5.14 $6.79 $5.40 $8.84 $10.26 $9.88 $9.88
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 7 8 9 6 5 4 5 6 5 8 5 7 8 9 7 6 4 4 4
Beneish M-Score -2.68 -2.66 -2.84 -2.67 -2.78 -1.90 -1.98 -2.17 -2.09 -3.17 -2.74 -2.38 -2.27 -2.21 -2.48 -3.12 -3.10 -3.45 -2.96 -2.29 -2.293
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -8.369
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 29.33%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-5.43
EVA snapshot only $21560870.01
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 74.60 73.10 79.25 74.60 79.25 73.10 77.75 77.75 77.75 77.75 79.25 77.10 72.75 69.35 73.60 73.60 76.75 74.60 66.60 67.75 67.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only -5.850
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000

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