— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: ABF.L (LSE) · $vol 24M · ASBFF (OTC) · $vol 0M

ASBFY OTC

Associated British Foods plc
1W: -2.0% 1M: -11.6% 3M: -5.0% YTD: -15.2% 1Y: -11.8% 3Y: +5.4% 5Y: +7.6%
$24.36
+0.00 (+0.33%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.9%
$22 $23 $24 $26 $27
OTC · Consumer Defensive · Packaged Foods · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 30 · $17.0B mcap · 257M float · 0.043% daily turnover · Short 10% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 2Sell: 2Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$—
Analysts0

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

A
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
2
P/E
3
P/B
4
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. ASBFY receives an overall rating of A. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROA (5/5), P/B (4/5). Areas of concern: D/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B+ A
2026-09-08 A- B+
2026-09-04 B+ A-
2026-08-14 A- B+
2026-06-25 A A-
2026-06-25 A- A
2026-06-08 A A-
2026-05-22 A- A
2026-04-24 A A-
2026-04-23 A- A

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
38
Balance Sheet
74
Earnings Quality
70
Growth
53
Value
—
Momentum
81
Safety
—
Cash Flow
66

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
6/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✗
Beneish M-Score
-2.80
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.00
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 79.2/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.10x
Accruals: -12.9%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. ASBFY scores 6/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. ASBFY's score of -2.80 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. ASBFY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. ASBFY receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 79.2/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). ASBFY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
13.63x
PEG
-0.56x
P/S
0.66x
P/B
1.13x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$34.01
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 13.6x earnings, ASBFY trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $34.01 per share, suggesting a potential 40% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.734
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.924
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.085
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
2.044
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.702
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
20.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. ASBFY's ROE of 20.1% is driven by Asset Turnover (2.044), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$122.55
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with ASBFY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. ASBFY actually compounded EPS at 15.7% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. ASBFY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $122.55, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 13.6x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$24.36
Median 1Y
$22.95
5th Pctile
$12.85
95th Pctile
$41.44
Ann. Volatility
33.8%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 20.0% 26.2% 27.5% 27.5% 27.1% 23.2% 21.2% 18.2% 14.4% 11.9% 9.6% 12.3% 11.3% 14.8% 16.6% 18.0% 22.1% 22.4% 22.4% 20.1% 20.05%
ROA 12.3% 16.6% 17.5% 18.1% 17.6% 15.5% 14.2% 11.2% 8.8% 7.5% 6.1% 7.1% 6.5% 8.7% 9.8% 10.6% 12.9% 13.2% 13.0% 11.8% 11.78%
ROIC 20.8% 22.4% 23.2% 22.2% 23.2% 23.2% 23.9% 15.0% 13.3% 9.7% 9.2% 10.9% 10.0% 12.4% 13.8% 15.4% 19.2% 18.7% 18.9% 16.0% 16.01%
ROCE 24.5% 24.4% 23.8% 24.0% 24.4% 24.7% 21.0% 14.8% 10.4% 7.1% 6.5% 6.2% 6.8% 7.9% 8.8% 12.5% 17.0% 20.5% 23.4% 21.3% 21.28%
Gross Margin 37.0% 8.4% 37.1% 8.2% 36.5% 8.0% 8.6% 8.0% 4.1% 5.0% 7.4% 8.2% 6.9% 6.4% 7.2% 9.0% 9.2% 8.0% 39.2% 6.7% 6.74%
Operating Margin 8.0% 8.4% 8.1% 8.2% 8.3% 8.0% 8.6% 4.3% 8.3% 4.7% 7.7% 8.2% 6.9% 6.4% 7.2% 9.6% 9.7% 7.5% 7.8% 6.7% 6.74%
Net Margin 6.4% 8.7% 7.0% 6.5% 6.5% 5.2% 5.9% 2.8% 3.8% 2.6% 4.2% 6.0% 2.5% 5.5% 5.1% 6.8% 7.7% 5.5% 5.1% 4.7% 4.70%
EBITDA Margin 11.6% 11.9% 12.0% 11.7% 12.2% 12.0% 8.1% 9.6% 10.0% 9.5% 9.7% 9.2% 8.6% 7.6% 8.4% 12.2% 13.3% 11.6% 15.6% 12.0% 12.01%
FCF Margin 4.3% 5.4% 4.7% 4.3% 4.7% 4.2% 4.7% 5.4% 6.4% 3.9% 6.6% 6.1% 3.6% 4.3% 2.7% 4.0% 5.9% 7.5% 7.3% 6.5% 6.51%
OCF Margin 9.5% 10.8% 10.3% 9.7% 9.9% 9.2% 9.4% 10.2% 10.8% 8.4% 11.1% 10.5% 8.2% 9.0% 7.7% 9.2% 11.5% 13.0% 13.0% 12.1% 12.08%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 16.22%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 18.21%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.52%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.50%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 16.01%
Cash ROA snapshot only 24.14%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 32.70%
CROIC snapshot only 17.62%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 5.92%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 7.85%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.15%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.19%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.08%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13.627
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.658
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.131
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $34.01
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.41 1.57 1.65 1.75 1.63 1.73 1.82 1.76 1.82 1.97 1.86 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.83 1.79 1.78 1.61 1.54 1.51 1.507
Quick Ratio 0.74 0.87 0.95 0.85 0.93 0.92 1.02 1.01 1.12 0.97 1.18 1.19 1.10 0.88 0.93 0.88 0.95 0.71 0.72 0.65 0.647
Debt/Equity 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.09 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.45 0.44 0.40 0.37 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.326
Net Debt/Equity 0.05 -0.02 -0.08 -0.01 -0.07 -0.04 -0.10 0.30 0.22 0.28 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.18 0.25 0.24 0.26 0.264
Debt/Assets 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.22 0.22 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.191
Debt/EBITDA 0.30 0.29 0.26 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.17 1.24 1.40 1.47 1.37 1.44 1.37 1.28 1.20 1.06 0.89 0.80 0.71 0.72 0.724
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.11 -0.06 -0.20 -0.03 -0.17 -0.10 -0.27 0.83 0.71 1.03 0.51 0.62 0.62 0.88 0.73 0.70 0.49 0.61 0.50 0.59 0.586
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.64 10.19 7.08 6.05 6.62 8.25 9.64 10.59 10.587
Equity Multiplier 1.61 1.54 1.54 1.47 1.49 1.46 1.46 1.78 1.78 1.69 1.70 1.71 1.73 1.70 1.70 1.69 1.70 1.70 1.74 1.71 1.713
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.179
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 16.421
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.190
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.683
Defensive Interval snapshot only 291.3 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 2.40 2.46 2.49 2.53 2.47 2.46 2.36 2.18 1.96 1.94 1.81 1.66 1.69 1.93 2.06 2.12 2.05 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.044
Inventory Turnover 10.39 10.24 10.77 10.39 10.82 10.67 11.37 11.77 12.26 10.48 11.07 11.03 10.29 9.87 12.32 12.14 11.45 10.34 10.01 9.89 9.890
Receivables Turnover 28.25 20.64 29.75 22.89 29.37 22.13 29.69 23.20 28.38 20.25 26.46 19.43 26.47 21.30 31.41 24.25 30.85 23.16 31.29 23.19 23.186
Payables Turnover 21.63 9.58 19.43 10.47 20.64 10.12 22.18 12.26 26.58 12.59 24.92 11.42 25.30 13.14 32.27 13.58 29.07 12.64 27.96 11.47 11.469
DSO 13 18 12 16 12 16 12 16 13 18 14 19 14 17 12 15 12 16 12 16 15.7 days
DIO 35 36 34 35 34 34 32 31 30 35 33 33 35 37 30 30 32 35 36 37 36.9 days
DPO 17 38 19 35 18 36 16 30 14 29 15 32 14 28 11 27 13 29 13 32 31.8 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 31 15 27 16 28 15 28 17 29 24 32 20 35 26 30 18 31 22 35 21 20.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 4.259
Operating Cycle snapshot only 52.6 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 55.067
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.501
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue -0.2% 4.1% 11.7% 17.2% 18.1% 14.4% 9.2% 5.2% -3.9% -8.5% -11.5% -11.3% 3.8% 19.7% 32.2% 37.6% 29.0% 16.5% 7.5% 1.6% 1.63%
Net Income -0.1% 55.1% 56.3% 64.3% 63.8% 6.5% -6.5% -24.3% -39.5% -43.5% -50.5% -26.5% -11.6% 39.5% 86.9% 62.0% 1.1% 61.5% 42.1% 17.0% 17.04%
EPS -0.2% 55.1% 56.3% 64.4% 64.1% 6.4% -6.4% -24.2% -39.5% -43.5% -50.6% -26.6% -11.5% 40.2% 91.8% 68.9% 1.2% 73.4% 52.9% 25.0% 24.96%
FCF -22.6% 10.9% 0.6% 8.8% 30.6% -10.6% 8.1% 32.5% 30.1% -16.1% 24.6% -0.4% -41.0% 35.2% -45.5% -10.4% 1.1% 1.0% 1.9% 66.7% 66.73%
EBITDA -6.1% 1.5% 10.2% 17.1% 23.6% 16.8% 2.4% -7.0% -20.6% -29.4% -21.4% -18.4% -3.1% 12.9% 14.7% 31.9% 45.9% 52.1% 68.7% 45.6% 45.58%
Op. Income -6.4% 3.6% 11.6% 19.5% 26.5% 15.5% 13.5% -5.1% -14.9% -26.9% -33.9% -12.2% -0.9% 32.8% 51.9% 41.9% 52.5% 36.8% 30.4% 7.6% 7.58%
OCF Growth snapshot only 33.12%
Asset Growth snapshot only 4.78%
Equity Growth snapshot only 3.51%
Debt Growth snapshot only -0.61%
Shares Change snapshot only -6.33%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 51.14%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 37.1% 20.2% 10.6% 11.1% 9.9% 8.9% 7.1% 6.7% 4.2% 2.9% 2.6% 3.0% 5.6% 7.8% 8.5% 8.7% 8.8% 8.5% 8.0% 7.5% 7.46%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — 44.1% 23.9% 12.7% 5.5% 5.1% 5.8% 7.2% 7.5% 8.2% 8.7% 8.7% 8.9% 8.9% 8.87%
EPS 3Y 34.9% 31.0% 22.8% 26.2% 26.2% 20.1% 18.3% 9.6% -0.3% -2.3% -10.2% -2.9% -4.2% -5.5% -3.9% -2.1% 6.4% 11.2% 13.2% 15.7% 15.71%
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — 42.8% 19.5% 6.2% -3.1% 2.3% 1.5% 6.5% 9.4% 10.3% 14.5% 17.8% 16.2% 14.1% 14.06%
Net Income 3Y 35.1% 31.1% 22.9% 26.3% 26.2% 20.1% 18.3% 9.6% -0.3% -2.3% -10.2% -2.9% -4.3% -5.7% -4.7% -3.4% 4.3% 8.4% 9.6% 11.7% 11.72%
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — 42.8% 19.5% 6.3% -3.0% 2.3% 1.5% 6.4% 8.9% 9.4% 13.2% 16.0% 14.0% 11.6% 11.63%
EBITDA 3Y 33.3% 17.6% 7.9% 10.0% 8.0% 8.3% 3.0% 1.1% -2.7% -5.7% -3.9% -3.9% -1.7% -2.4% -2.6% 0.0% 4.0% 6.6% 15.0% 16.1% 16.15%
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — 39.2% 18.4% 6.0% 0.2% 0.2% -0.6% 0.2% -0.3% 2.1% 5.5% 7.5% 11.4% 11.3% 11.28%
Gross Profit 3Y 96.5% 73.7% 61.2% 64.1% 24.1% 23.5% -7.4% -7.9% -29.9% -33.1% -34.3% -33.9% -29.6% -27.2% -27.1% -25.5% -23.8% -22.6% 9.8% 8.4% 8.36%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — 64.6% 22.0% 9.4% 1.6% 2.7% -10.6% -8.5% -15.8% -14.6% -13.0% -12.1% 1.0% 0.3% 0.27%
Op. Income 3Y 35.0% 21.1% 11.4% 17.2% 14.1% 13.3% 10.2% 3.1% 0.3% -4.4% -5.7% -0.1% 2.2% 3.9% 4.5% 5.7% 8.7% 9.9% 9.4% 10.3% 10.26%
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — 41.6% 21.5% 8.4% 0.7% 6.0% 4.6% 7.2% 6.1% 6.4% 8.8% 9.7% 10.7% 8.7% 8.74%
FCF 3Y 45.7% 78.2% 1.1% — 65.9% 42.8% 6.6% 3.7% 9.6% -6.0% 10.6% 12.8% 0.1% 0.5% -9.8% 5.7% 17.4% 31.5% 25.5% 14.2% 14.16%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — 56.8% 39.3% 33.5% 63.7% — 28.5% 27.0% -3.8% -0.1% 10.3% 17.7% 16.5% 16.5% 16.49%
OCF 3Y 31.7% 27.9% 19.6% 28.7% 17.8% 14.5% 5.5% 4.2% 5.9% -2.3% 5.5% 5.9% 0.4% 1.5% -1.3% 7.0% 14.1% 21.7% 20.3% 13.8% 13.83%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — 42.7% 24.3% 11.1% 12.2% 16.6% 6.1% 10.0% 2.4% 4.6% 10.9% 15.1% 14.5% 13.9% 13.90%
Assets 3Y 7.0% 5.8% 7.9% 6.9% 10.2% 7.1% 10.0% 16.9% 16.8% 16.8% 18.0% 17.9% 20.2% 16.7% 13.7% 13.2% 11.6% 12.1% 11.9% 7.0% 6.97%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — 10.9% 12.4% 9.7% 10.6% 10.8% 14.1% 12.1% 12.7% 13.3% 12.7% 13.0% 13.4% 12.7% 12.68%
Equity 3Y 10.0% 12.4% 13.2% 14.6% 16.4% 14.1% 15.5% 14.2% 13.3% 15.5% 16.1% 15.1% 17.5% 13.0% 10.0% 8.1% 6.7% 6.6% 5.4% 8.3% 8.31%
Book Value 3Y 9.9% 12.3% 13.1% 14.6% 16.4% 14.0% 15.6% 14.2% 13.3% 15.5% 16.1% 15.1% 17.7% 13.2% 10.9% 9.6% 8.9% 9.3% 8.8% 12.2% 12.18%
Dividend 3Y 3.9% 2.7% 3.0% 4.0% 4.4% 6.2% 5.9% 5.6% 0.2% -18.7% -22.4% -23.7% -11.9% 22.2% 32.5% 37.7% 28.0% 22.1% 21.6% 16.3% 16.30%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.74 0.82 0.90 0.87 0.87 0.94 0.91 0.84 0.82 0.80 0.70 0.65 0.84 0.80 0.62 0.57 0.70 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.762
Earnings Stability 0.82 0.88 0.78 0.89 0.89 0.93 0.81 0.75 0.53 0.29 0.07 0.13 0.03 0.08 0.05 0.13 0.18 0.24 0.17 0.20 0.203
Margin Stability 0.58 0.57 0.59 0.58 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.63 0.49 0.47 0.45 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.44 0.45 0.36 0.36 0.47 0.48 0.478
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 1.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.97 0.97 0.90 0.84 0.83 0.50 0.89 0.95 0.84 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.83 0.93 0.932
Earnings Smoothness 1.00 0.57 0.56 0.51 0.52 0.94 0.93 0.72 0.51 0.44 0.32 0.69 0.88 0.67 0.39 0.53 0.28 0.53 0.65 0.84 0.843
ROE Trend -0.01 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.00 -0.02 -0.04 -0.07 -0.11 -0.13 -0.10 -0.09 -0.03 0.01 0.03 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.05 0.052
Gross Margin Trend 0.03 0.03 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.08 -0.08 -0.16 -0.17 -0.13 -0.13 -0.08 -0.08 -0.04 -0.04 0.01 0.01 0.10 0.09 0.091
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.02 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.01 -0.02 0.00 -0.03 -0.02 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.015
Sustainable Growth Rate 11.8% 18.2% 19.6% 19.6% 19.4% 15.1% 13.5% 10.1% 7.6% 7.9% 6.3% 9.0% 7.2% 8.4% 9.7% 10.5% 14.6% 12.3% 11.7% 10.0% 9.98%
Internal Growth Rate 7.9% 12.9% 14.2% 14.8% 14.4% 11.2% 9.9% 6.6% 4.9% 5.3% 4.2% 5.4% 4.3% 5.2% 6.0% 6.6% 9.3% 7.8% 7.3% 6.2% 6.23%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.85 1.60 1.46 1.36 1.39 1.46 1.57 1.98 2.42 2.15 3.29 2.46 2.14 1.99 1.63 1.84 1.83 2.07 2.07 2.10 2.097
FCF/OCF 0.45 0.50 0.46 0.45 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.53 0.59 0.46 0.59 0.58 0.45 0.48 0.35 0.43 0.52 0.58 0.56 0.54 0.539
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.130
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.917
CapEx/Revenue 5.2% 5.4% 5.6% 5.4% 5.2% 5.0% 4.7% 4.7% 4.5% 4.5% 4.5% 4.4% 4.5% 4.7% 5.0% 5.3% 5.5% 5.5% 5.7% 5.6% 5.57%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 1.191
Accruals Ratio -0.10 -0.10 -0.08 -0.06 -0.07 -0.07 -0.08 -0.11 -0.12 -0.09 -0.14 -0.10 -0.07 -0.09 -0.06 -0.09 -0.11 -0.14 -0.14 -0.13 -0.129
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.137
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.427
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.45%
Dividend/Share $0.70 $0.72 $0.73 $0.78 $0.79 $0.86 $0.87 $0.92 $0.80 $0.46 $0.41 $0.40 $0.54 $0.84 $0.94 $1.06 $1.14 $1.53 $1.65 $1.60 $0.63
Payout Ratio 40.9% 30.8% 28.7% 28.7% 28.4% 34.7% 36.3% 44.5% 47.2% 33.1% 34.3% 26.8% 36.4% 43.0% 41.6% 41.5% 33.9% 44.9% 47.7% 50.2% 50.24%
FCF Payout Ratio 49.2% 38.7% 42.7% 47.4% 42.8% 51.9% 46.8% 42.1% 33.1% 33.3% 17.6% 18.7% 38.2% 44.7% 72.9% 52.3% 35.8% 37.6% 40.9% 44.4% 44.45%
Total Payout Ratio 42.3% 31.9% 30.1% 30.0% 30.2% 36.8% 39.3% 47.9% 49.1% 35.4% 34.3% 31.0% 40.7% 56.7% 72.8% 81.8% 77.0% 97.3% 97.3% 98.3% 98.27%
Div. Increase Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.78 0.79 0.82 0.83 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.82 0.80 0.80 0.77 0.74 0.73 0.734
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.87 1.09 1.14 1.13 1.12 0.98 1.08 1.07 1.19 1.41 1.27 1.63 1.40 1.56 1.60 1.28 1.20 1.05 0.93 0.92 0.924
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.085
Asset Turnover 2.40 2.46 2.49 2.53 2.47 2.46 2.36 2.18 1.96 1.94 1.81 1.66 1.69 1.93 2.06 2.12 2.05 2.10 2.07 2.04 2.044
Equity Multiplier 1.62 1.58 1.57 1.52 1.54 1.50 1.49 1.63 1.64 1.58 1.58 1.74 1.75 1.70 1.70 1.70 1.71 1.70 1.72 1.70 1.702
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $1.70 $2.33 $2.55 $2.71 $2.79 $2.48 $2.39 $2.05 $1.69 $1.40 $1.18 $1.51 $1.49 $1.96 $2.26 $2.55 $3.36 $3.40 $3.46 $3.18 $3.18
Book Value/Share $8.91 $9.88 $10.56 $11.11 $11.66 $11.50 $11.98 $11.44 $11.84 $12.11 $12.56 $13.10 $14.52 $14.32 $14.41 $14.61 $15.03 $15.02 $15.45 $16.15 $16.36
Tangible Book/Share $7.21 $8.02 $8.77 $9.05 $9.59 $9.40 $9.85 $9.37 $9.78 $10.13 $10.56 $10.88 $12.15 $11.90 $11.98 $12.13 $12.49 $12.39 $12.80 $13.41 $13.41
Revenue/Share $33.11 $34.49 $36.40 $38.06 $39.14 $39.42 $39.80 $40.07 $37.65 $36.10 $35.18 $35.48 $39.15 $43.42 $47.72 $50.92 $53.53 $54.33 $55.18 $55.25 $27.35
FCF/Share $1.41 $1.85 $1.71 $1.64 $1.85 $1.66 $1.85 $2.18 $2.41 $1.39 $2.31 $2.16 $1.42 $1.89 $1.29 $2.02 $3.18 $4.07 $4.04 $3.60 $1.66
OCF/Share $3.14 $3.72 $3.74 $3.68 $3.89 $3.63 $3.74 $4.07 $4.08 $3.02 $3.89 $3.72 $3.19 $3.91 $3.68 $4.70 $6.13 $7.06 $7.18 $6.68 $3.17
Cash/Share $0.70 $1.40 $1.96 $1.12 $1.76 $1.49 $1.93 $1.71 $2.57 $1.45 $2.92 $2.81 $2.69 $1.55 $1.89 $1.67 $2.23 $1.13 $1.48 $1.00 $1.00
EBITDA/Share $3.78 $4.04 $4.24 $4.49 $4.67 $4.72 $4.35 $4.18 $3.71 $3.33 $3.41 $3.41 $3.60 $3.78 $4.02 $4.68 $5.58 $6.17 $7.29 $7.28 $7.28
Debt/Share $1.13 $1.16 $1.11 $0.97 $0.98 $1.00 $0.75 $5.20 $5.20 $4.89 $4.67 $4.92 $4.93 $4.86 $4.83 $4.97 $4.94 $4.91 $5.15 $5.27 $5.27
Net Debt/Share $0.43 $-0.24 $-0.85 $-0.16 $-0.78 $-0.49 $-1.19 $3.49 $2.64 $3.44 $1.75 $2.11 $2.24 $3.31 $2.94 $3.29 $2.72 $3.79 $3.67 $4.27 $4.27
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 7 7 9 8 7 7 5 5 5 4 6 7 8 7 8 8 8 8 6 6
Beneish M-Score -2.80 -2.94 -2.72 -2.67 -2.42 -2.64 -0.77 -2.95 1.13 -2.52 -3.09 -2.74 -2.38 -2.47 -2.20 -2.73 -3.01 -3.34 -3.39 -2.80 -2.800
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -9.999
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 29.68%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-2.84
EVA snapshot only $871318073.64
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 80.25 74.90 74.90 72.80 74.90 74.90 75.25 74.60 70.30 69.60 74.25 76.75 76.75 79.25 79.250
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 9.650
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000

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