— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: BA.L (LSE) · $vol 159M · BSP.DE (XETRA) · $vol 2M · BAESF (OTC) · $vol 1M

BAESY OTC

BAE Systems plc
1W: -2.6% 1M: -4.9% 3M: -5.9% YTD: +6.0% 1Y: -7.0% 3Y: +115.5% 5Y: +271.3%
$102.11
-0.95 (-0.92%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±3.3%
$95 $99 $102 $105 $109
OTC · Industrials · Aerospace & Defense · Tech Score Strong Sell · Power 33 · $74.8B mcap · 733M float · 0.038% daily turnover · Short 12% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$113
Low
$113
Avg Target
$113
High
Based on 1 analyst since Jul 30, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 0Hold: 2Sell: 1Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusHold
Avg Target$113.00
Analysts1
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-09-10 BNP Paribas — Initiated $113 — +10.2% $102.52

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
5
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. BAESY receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (5/5), ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 A- B+
2026-09-30 B+ A-
2026-09-24 A- B+
2026-09-22 B+ A-
2026-09-21 A- B+
2026-09-18 B+ A-
2026-09-16 A- B+
2026-08-31 B+ A-
2026-07-22 A- B+
2026-06-15 B+ A-

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
44
Balance Sheet
62
Earnings Quality
62
Growth
64
Value
—
Momentum
87
Safety
—
Cash Flow
74

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.75
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.90
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 73.8/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
75/100
OCF/NI: 2.12x
Accruals: -11.9%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. BAESY scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. BAESY's score of -2.75 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. BAESY's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. BAESY receives an estimated rating of A (score: 73.8/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). BAESY's score of 75/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
27.44x
PEG
3.57x
P/S
1.92x
P/B
4.65x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$44.60
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 27.4x earnings, BAESY commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $44.60 per share, 129% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.822
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.898
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.097
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.480
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
3.263
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
34.7%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. BAESY's ROE of 34.7% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 3.26x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$208.74
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with BAESY's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. BAESY actually compounded EPS at 19.7% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. BAESY trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $208.74, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 27.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$102.11
Median 1Y
$122.08
5th Pctile
$74.08
95th Pctile
$201.51
Ann. Volatility
30.1%
Analyst Target
$113.00
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
ROE 69.4% 72.0% 45.0% 43.1% 40.7% 46.2% 48.8% 49.0% 54.5% 48.2% 47.6% 39.6% 42.2% 37.8% 38.3% 33.5% 33.4% 35.6% 35.9% 34.7% 34.73%
ROA 8.6% 9.7% 8.2% 8.1% 7.7% 8.6% 10.3% 10.1% 10.6% 11.3% 11.6% 11.0% 11.4% 11.4% 11.6% 11.3% 11.0% 11.4% 11.5% 10.6% 10.64%
ROIC 45.2% 46.1% 43.8% 31.7% 38.1% 31.3% 36.9% 34.1% 33.5% 27.2% 27.9% 19.9% 22.0% 23.8% 28.2% 20.9% 23.6% 25.3% 24.5% 26.7% 26.74%
ROCE 17.5% 19.3% 19.6% 20.9% 19.8% 15.6% 14.2% 11.0% 9.3% 10.2% 9.6% 8.9% 9.1% 9.8% 13.3% 13.8% 18.0% 21.8% 21.6% 21.3% 21.26%
Gross Margin 96.3% 9.1% 75.7% 8.7% 82.3% 9.3% 8.3% 8.0% 8.7% 9.3% 9.0% 9.5% 9.3% 9.7% 1.2% 8.8% 1.2% 8.4% 42.9% 9.0% 8.99%
Operating Margin 8.4% 8.9% 8.9% 8.6% 9.5% 9.3% 8.3% 8.0% 8.7% 9.3% 9.0% 9.5% 9.3% 9.7% 11.1% 10.4% 10.0% 9.8% 8.7% 9.0% 8.99%
Net Margin 5.3% 6.4% 3.1% 5.8% 6.1% 9.2% 7.1% 5.8% 7.6% 10.7% 7.4% 6.3% 8.5% 8.8% 7.4% 7.6% 7.3% 7.1% 7.4% 7.0% 6.98%
EBITDA Margin 9.8% 10.8% 10.4% 10.9% 10.6% 8.3% 7.9% 7.5% 8.3% 9.4% 7.5% 8.6% 8.4% 8.9% 10.3% 14.2% 15.9% 13.5% 13.1% 13.0% 12.97%
FCF Margin 3.7% 5.6% 6.7% 5.4% 6.9% 5.1% 5.4% 4.0% 4.2% 6.2% 6.0% 9.1% 9.4% 10.8% 10.6% 10.2% 11.1% 7.8% 9.3% 11.6% 11.59%
OCF Margin 5.9% 7.9% 8.9% 7.6% 9.1% 7.4% 7.8% 6.4% 6.7% 8.6% 8.4% 11.5% 12.2% 14.0% 14.6% 14.4% 15.6% 12.1% 13.1% 15.2% 15.23%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 31.52%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 36.27%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 10.32%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 22.88%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 22.53%
Cash ROA snapshot only 21.85%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 50.76%
CROIC snapshot only 38.64%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 8.02%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 8.74%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.04%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.28%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 27.443
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.916
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.646
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 3.568
Graham Number snapshot only $44.60
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.96 0.98 1.09 0.96 1.03 1.06 1.01 1.07 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.06 1.08 1.07 1.08 1.03 0.95 0.96 0.99 1.02 1.021
Quick Ratio 0.86 0.87 0.98 0.87 0.95 0.95 0.92 0.96 0.91 0.92 0.92 0.96 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.91 0.85 0.84 0.87 0.91 0.908
Debt/Equity 1.29 1.22 0.86 0.72 0.78 0.92 0.88 1.35 1.48 0.93 0.85 0.60 0.62 0.62 0.61 0.96 0.87 0.87 0.90 0.74 0.740
Net Debt/Equity 0.48 0.54 0.17 0.35 0.19 0.65 0.40 0.79 0.84 0.52 0.44 0.40 0.32 0.30 0.22 0.70 0.58 0.67 0.59 0.39 0.388
Debt/Assets 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.22 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.29 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.23 0.229
Debt/EBITDA 1.31 1.18 1.14 1.14 1.19 1.48 1.45 1.99 2.28 2.03 2.00 2.05 2.02 1.86 1.61 2.18 1.64 1.34 1.36 1.15 1.155
Net Debt/EBITDA 0.49 0.52 0.23 0.56 0.29 1.03 0.66 1.17 1.30 1.15 1.02 1.36 1.05 0.90 0.59 1.58 1.09 1.03 0.90 0.61 0.605
Interest Coverage — — — — — — — — — — — — 17.37 8.82 8.16 4.10 5.92 5.94 5.37 7.50 7.504
Equity Multiplier 6.68 6.50 4.74 3.91 4.46 4.67 4.74 6.02 5.93 3.92 3.65 2.64 2.81 2.92 3.04 3.31 3.28 3.32 3.20 3.22 3.224
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.319
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 10.673
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.476
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.725
Defensive Interval snapshot only 229.9 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.62 1.72 1.65 1.58 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.44 1.44 1.46 1.47 1.37 1.38 1.46 1.50 1.40 1.42 1.55 1.57 1.48 1.480
Inventory Turnover 21.68 21.76 24.88 22.90 25.16 23.30 32.98 30.49 42.12 40.53 43.02 37.62 40.36 39.94 27.71 25.86 14.84 16.18 23.60 22.19 22.186
Receivables Turnover 13.70 10.55 17.48 8.71 16.43 6.95 22.89 6.91 13.20 8.63 15.03 6.75 8.74 9.25 10.53 7.23 15.38 7.67 9.42 7.61 7.611
Payables Turnover 3.63 2.56 7.82 3.83 8.19 2.69 40.42 4.87 49.10 5.57 51.62 5.77 48.19 7.74 34.87 5.70 17.75 3.54 7.94 5.17 5.174
DSO 27 35 21 42 22 52 16 53 28 42 24 54 42 39 35 50 24 48 39 48 48.0 days
DIO 17 17 15 16 15 16 11 12 9 9 8 10 9 9 13 14 25 23 15 16 16.5 days
DPO 100 143 47 95 45 136 9 75 7 65 7 63 8 47 10 64 21 103 46 71 70.5 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -57 -91 -11 -37 -8 -68 18 -10 29 -14 26 1 43 1 37 1 28 -33 8 -6 -6.1 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 8.252
Operating Cycle snapshot only 64.4 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 13.143
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.697
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 7.1% 9.9% 8.7% 4.6% -1.5% -4.8% 0.3% 3.6% 10.4% 13.1% 10.5% 8.9% 8.5% 11.0% 14.3% 19.6% 21.1% 22.4% 23.3% 20.9% 20.86%
Net Income 1.0% 1.3% 4.9% 10.1% -0.2% 2.1% 42.3% 40.7% 51.9% 45.2% 23.5% 23.8% 20.7% 11.2% 12.8% 20.4% 13.9% 15.2% 16.3% 8.2% 8.19%
EPS 99.9% 1.2% 4.2% 9.2% -0.4% 2.2% 41.8% 40.5% 51.3% 44.0% 23.8% 25.5% 23.2% 16.4% 17.7% 24.7% 17.3% 17.0% 17.6% 9.5% 9.48%
FCF 20.2% 2.8% 1.7% 80.2% 85.0% -13.7% -18.2% -23.1% -33.1% 37.1% 22.0% 1.5% 1.4% 95.2% 1.0% 34.6% 43.1% -12.0% 7.3% 36.7% 36.71%
EBITDA -4.2% 4.5% 10.1% 11.0% 7.3% -5.4% -8.4% -15.2% -16.9% -6.4% -3.5% 7.6% 14.4% 12.1% 27.1% 49.2% 79.7% 98.1% 91.8% 58.9% 58.90%
Op. Income 5.4% 15.0% 21.4% 18.2% 11.6% 4.0% 3.9% 4.2% 5.0% 6.6% 8.3% 13.3% 17.3% 21.4% 29.8% 33.4% 35.3% 34.7% 20.3% 11.5% 11.52%
OCF Growth snapshot only 28.08%
Asset Growth snapshot only 6.54%
Equity Growth snapshot only 9.25%
Debt Growth snapshot only -15.89%
Shares Change snapshot only -1.18%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 22.65%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y -5.8% -3.9% -3.3% -1.5% -0.3% 0.3% 1.6% 3.8% 5.2% 5.8% 6.4% 5.7% 5.7% 6.1% 8.2% 10.5% 13.2% 15.4% 15.9% 16.3% 16.32%
Revenue 5Y 8.2% 7.3% 5.6% 3.9% 1.9% -0.1% -1.1% -1.6% -1.9% -0.9% 0.0% 1.5% 3.5% 4.8% 5.8% 7.8% 8.9% 10.0% 11.1% 11.3% 11.26%
EPS 3Y 26.4% 9.1% -7.1% -6.4% -5.3% 1.9% 30.6% 33.0% 44.4% 49.0% 22.3% 24.4% 22.9% 19.6% 27.4% 30.0% 29.8% 25.2% 19.7% 19.7% 19.67%
EPS 5Y -2.4% -1.6% -5.8% -5.2% -5.3% 1.0% 10.2% 15.6% 24.9% 13.8% 7.1% 7.6% 9.6% 12.1% 26.6% 29.8% 34.2% 35.1% 20.4% 21.3% 21.33%
Net Income 3Y 23.0% 7.0% -8.8% -7.0% -5.8% 1.2% 30.4% 33.3% 45.1% 49.8% 22.6% 24.2% 22.3% 18.1% 25.6% 28.0% 27.8% 23.0% 17.4% 17.3% 17.26%
Net Income 5Y -3.5% -3.2% -7.3% -7.0% -7.1% -1.0% 8.1% 13.8% 23.0% 12.7% 5.9% 7.0% 8.9% 10.9% 25.3% 28.7% 33.2% 33.9% 19.3% 20.1% 20.10%
EBITDA 3Y -3.9% -9.9% -15.6% -14.4% -13.6% -11.0% -7.3% -6.9% -5.1% -2.5% -0.9% 0.5% 0.7% -0.2% 4.0% 10.8% 19.6% 27.7% 33.0% 36.6% 36.64%
EBITDA 5Y 7.8% 5.7% 3.0% -2.2% -6.4% -6.4% -5.6% -5.5% -4.6% -8.3% -11.9% -10.5% -9.3% -5.8% -0.4% 5.3% 11.9% 15.5% 18.9% 19.2% 19.16%
Gross Profit 3Y -22.8% -19.2% -18.7% -13.6% -10.8% -3.1% -21.0% -13.3% -42.9% -42.5% -42.4% -41.4% -41.7% -40.9% 0.2% 0.6% 29.3% 29.5% 37.8% 38.1% 38.11%
Gross Profit 5Y -4.0% -5.1% -8.6% -10.0% -13.6% -15.2% -23.9% -24.7% -40.0% -38.3% -36.0% -32.9% -29.1% -24.7% -2.2% 3.5% 13.3% 13.4% 6.8% 6.9% 6.94%
Op. Income 3Y 2.2% 0.9% -1.8% -1.8% -1.7% 0.3% 1.1% 4.1% 7.3% 8.4% 11.0% 11.7% 11.2% 10.4% 13.5% 16.3% 18.5% 20.3% 19.2% 19.0% 18.99%
Op. Income 5Y 11.0% 9.5% 7.3% 3.9% 1.1% 1.9% 3.1% 3.8% 4.6% 2.6% 1.3% 2.3% 3.2% 5.5% 7.8% 11.3% 14.4% 15.8% 16.4% 15.7% 15.72%
FCF 3Y -8.2% 20.5% 54.3% 14.5% 7.9% 28.8% 10.2% 76.3% 2.0% 64.9% 39.6% 51.0% 44.4% 32.2% 26.5% 37.0% 32.5% 33.0% 38.4% 65.9% 65.92%
FCF 5Y -5.2% 3.9% 7.5% -2.3% -1.9% -6.2% -2.3% -5.3% -0.9% 15.7% 29.7% 23.4% 15.4% 41.7% 27.0% 78.9% 1.5% 50.4% 42.7% 44.6% 44.64%
OCF 3Y -7.8% 11.4% 29.4% 9.0% 5.3% 18.5% 9.8% 42.8% 65.2% 46.1% 30.3% 37.8% 34.7% 28.7% 27.4% 36.6% 35.5% 35.9% 37.8% 54.9% 54.93%
OCF 5Y -3.6% 2.9% 5.3% -2.1% -2.3% -5.7% -3.2% -4.3% -0.6% 10.3% 17.7% 17.2% 13.4% 31.7% 25.7% 53.2% 69.0% 42.9% 37.1% 38.0% 38.02%
Assets 3Y -1.5% -1.0% -0.9% -1.0% 3.6% 5.2% 9.2% 14.6% 11.6% 13.2% 10.6% 11.5% 11.0% 11.2% 12.6% 17.9% 15.5% 12.4% 13.6% 13.1% 13.11%
Assets 5Y 4.8% 3.5% 2.1% 2.1% -0.7% 1.1% 0.1% 2.0% 2.8% 3.3% 3.3% 5.0% 7.2% 7.3% 10.3% 15.4% 14.0% 13.9% 13.4% 12.9% 12.94%
Equity 3Y -13.6% -12.9% 3.8% 16.0% 14.2% 9.1% 16.9% 18.5% 36.1% 48.3% 35.5% 64.2% 48.3% 45.3% 30.6% 24.7% 27.9% 25.9% 29.6% 39.3% 39.31%
Book Value 3Y -11.2% -11.2% 5.7% 16.7% 14.9% 9.7% 17.1% 18.2% 35.4% 47.5% 35.1% 64.4% 49.0% 47.2% 32.4% 26.7% 29.9% 28.2% 32.0% 42.2% 42.17%
Dividend 3Y 4.0% 3.2% 3.3% 2.1% 2.2% 2.2% 1.9% -9.9% 1.5% 1.8% 1.9% 25.7% 2.9% 3.8% 4.3% -3.0% 6.0% 7.4% 8.1% 8.8% 8.81%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.22 0.26 0.24 0.35 0.51 0.02 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.06 0.00 0.21 0.63 0.69 0.76 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.85 0.84 0.843
Earnings Stability 0.19 0.29 0.30 0.16 0.05 0.00 0.10 0.26 0.43 0.40 0.38 0.44 0.52 0.66 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.980
Margin Stability 0.68 0.65 0.68 0.64 0.65 0.62 0.54 0.50 0.37 0.41 0.37 0.41 0.29 0.33 0.47 0.52 0.28 0.29 0.49 0.50 0.496
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.98 0.96 1.00 0.99 0.83 0.84 0.50 0.82 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.96 0.95 0.92 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.97 0.967
Earnings Smoothness 0.33 0.22 0.95 0.90 1.00 0.98 0.65 0.66 0.59 0.63 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.89 0.88 0.81 0.87 0.86 0.85 0.92 0.921
ROE Trend -0.01 0.14 -0.08 -0.21 -0.18 -0.12 -0.00 0.08 0.17 -0.05 -0.00 -0.16 -0.16 -0.09 -0.11 -0.08 -0.12 -0.02 -0.03 0.03 0.026
Gross Margin Trend -0.02 0.03 -0.08 -0.01 -0.10 -0.10 -0.25 -0.25 -0.41 -0.41 -0.29 -0.28 -0.17 -0.17 0.21 0.19 0.57 0.53 0.22 0.21 0.209
FCF Margin Trend 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 0.01 -0.00 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 -0.01 0.01 0.02 0.019
Sustainable Growth Rate 19.2% 24.0% 10.0% 10.3% 9.8% 14.6% 20.7% 29.4% 25.6% 23.8% 23.9% 14.3% 22.3% 19.2% 19.9% 18.1% 17.7% 17.8% 18.2% 16.8% 16.81%
Internal Growth Rate 2.4% 3.4% 1.8% 2.0% 1.9% 2.8% 4.6% 6.5% 5.3% 5.9% 6.2% 4.1% 6.4% 6.2% 6.4% 6.5% 6.2% 6.0% 6.2% 5.4% 5.43%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.11 1.39 1.80 1.47 1.70 1.22 1.10 0.92 0.91 1.10 1.07 1.44 1.49 1.80 1.88 1.79 2.02 1.64 1.78 2.12 2.118
FCF/OCF 0.62 0.71 0.75 0.71 0.76 0.69 0.70 0.62 0.62 0.72 0.71 0.79 0.77 0.77 0.73 0.71 0.71 0.65 0.71 0.76 0.761
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.612
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 1.100
CapEx/Revenue 2.2% 2.3% 2.3% 2.2% 2.2% 2.3% 2.4% 2.5% 2.5% 2.4% 2.4% 2.4% 2.8% 3.2% 3.7% 3.9% 4.3% 4.1% 3.8% 3.6% 3.64%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.884
Accruals Ratio -0.01 -0.04 -0.07 -0.04 -0.05 -0.02 -0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.05 -0.06 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 -0.11 -0.07 -0.09 -0.12 -0.119
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.062
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 2.074
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 0.750
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.89%
Dividend/Share $1.66 $1.68 $1.69 $1.71 $1.73 $1.76 $1.78 $1.26 $1.83 $1.87 $1.90 $2.53 $2.01 $2.11 $2.16 $2.28 $2.35 $2.52 $2.61 $2.80 $1.45
Payout Ratio 72.4% 66.7% 77.8% 76.1% 75.9% 68.5% 57.6% 39.9% 53.0% 50.6% 49.8% 63.8% 47.1% 49.1% 48.1% 46.0% 47.0% 50.0% 49.4% 51.6% 51.58%
FCF Payout Ratio 1.0% 67.2% 58.1% 73.1% 59.0% 81.7% 74.9% 70.1% 93.5% 63.9% 65.5% 55.9% 41.3% 35.3% 35.2% 36.1% 32.8% 47.1% 39.2% 32.0% 31.99%
Total Payout Ratio 72.5% 66.8% 77.9% 76.2% 76.0% 68.5% 57.6% 39.9% 53.0% 50.6% 61.9% 79.6% 81.7% 95.3% 87.2% 84.9% 76.3% 75.3% 75.9% 77.5% 77.53%
Div. Increase Streak 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.82 0.81 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.90 0.92 0.91 0.93 0.88 0.87 0.89 0.89 0.87 0.85 0.84 0.83 0.82 0.83 0.82 0.822
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.82 0.84 0.74 0.75 0.75 0.86 1.14 1.38 1.78 1.85 1.97 1.89 1.93 1.88 1.45 1.25 0.99 0.88 0.88 0.90 0.898
EBIT Margin 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.097
Asset Turnover 1.62 1.72 1.65 1.58 1.43 1.41 1.46 1.44 1.44 1.46 1.47 1.37 1.38 1.46 1.50 1.40 1.42 1.55 1.57 1.48 1.480
Equity Multiplier 8.10 7.38 5.50 5.29 5.31 5.38 4.74 4.84 5.13 4.25 4.11 3.61 3.72 3.31 3.29 2.97 3.05 3.12 3.12 3.26 3.263
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.29 $2.52 $2.18 $2.25 $2.28 $2.57 $3.09 $3.16 $3.46 $3.70 $3.82 $3.97 $4.26 $4.31 $4.50 $4.95 $4.99 $5.04 $5.29 $5.42 $5.42
Book Value/Share $4.31 $4.33 $5.93 $7.26 $6.93 $6.80 $6.74 $5.67 $5.78 $8.62 $9.29 $14.32 $14.26 $13.81 $13.77 $14.75 $15.21 $14.32 $15.51 $16.30 $16.77
Tangible Book/Share $-9.80 $-9.41 $-7.05 $-5.88 $-6.39 $-6.54 $-6.19 $-8.03 $-8.84 $-5.83 $-5.35 $-1.63 $-1.82 $-1.97 $-1.94 $-6.27 $-6.09 $-5.76 $-4.56 $-3.92 $-3.92
Revenue/Share $43.30 $44.43 $43.78 $43.58 $42.57 $42.33 $43.78 $45.07 $46.79 $47.53 $48.49 $49.77 $51.84 $55.18 $57.81 $61.66 $64.69 $68.64 $72.06 $75.41 $39.26
FCF/Share $1.59 $2.50 $2.91 $2.35 $2.94 $2.16 $2.38 $1.80 $1.96 $2.93 $2.91 $4.53 $4.86 $5.99 $6.14 $6.32 $7.16 $5.35 $6.67 $8.74 $6.04
OCF/Share $2.55 $3.50 $3.91 $3.31 $3.87 $3.13 $3.41 $2.91 $3.14 $4.09 $4.08 $5.72 $6.33 $7.75 $8.44 $8.86 $10.08 $8.29 $9.42 $11.48 $7.24
Cash/Share $3.47 $2.95 $4.09 $2.64 $4.04 $1.88 $3.22 $3.15 $3.68 $3.49 $3.89 $2.92 $4.27 $4.43 $5.36 $3.92 $4.42 $2.84 $4.77 $5.74 $5.82
EBITDA/Share $4.23 $4.48 $4.49 $4.55 $4.54 $4.24 $4.10 $3.85 $3.75 $3.94 $3.97 $4.20 $4.39 $4.62 $5.26 $6.50 $8.12 $9.31 $10.20 $10.44 $10.44
Debt/Share $5.54 $5.30 $5.11 $5.19 $5.38 $6.27 $5.92 $7.65 $8.55 $8.00 $7.94 $8.64 $8.86 $8.60 $8.45 $14.17 $13.30 $12.45 $13.90 $12.06 $12.06
Net Debt/Share $2.07 $2.35 $1.02 $2.55 $1.33 $4.39 $2.70 $4.51 $4.87 $4.51 $4.06 $5.72 $4.59 $4.17 $3.09 $10.25 $8.87 $9.61 $9.14 $6.32 $6.32
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 6 6 8 5 6 4 4 4 5 8 7 9 9 9 6 7 6 6 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.15 -2.49 -2.56 -2.20 -2.52 -1.85 2.18 -2.08 2.27 -3.27 -2.65 -2.60 -2.55 -2.64 -3.19 -2.49 -3.09 -2.74 -1.30 -2.75 -2.750
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.903
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-17.64
EVA snapshot only $2857460820.69
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'16 Q2'17 Q4'17 Q2'18 Q4'18 Q2'19 Q4'19 Q2'20 Q4'20 Q2'21 Q4'21 Q2'22 Q4'22 Q2'23 Q4'23 Q2'24 Q4'24 Q2'25 Q4'25 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 66.65 71.60 76.25 73.10 76.25 72.50 72.50 65.90 64.40 71.00 71.00 74.75 76.00 75.25 75.25 62.85 71.25 68.10 68.10 73.75 73.750
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only 10.900
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000

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