— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 2445.KL (KLS) · $vol 4M

KLKBY OTC

Kuala Lumpur Kepong Berhad
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.9% YTD: +176.4% 1Y: +4.0% 3Y: +30.9% 5Y: +20.6%
$5.50
+0.00 (+0.00%)
 
OTC · Industrials · Conglomerates · Tech Score Sell · Power 48 · $6.1B mcap · 526M float · 0.0001% daily turnover · Short 94% of daily vol

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

C
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
1
ROA
1
D/E
1
P/E
1
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. KLKBY receives an overall rating of C. Areas of concern: ROE (1/5), ROA (1/5), D/E (1/5), P/E (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-03 None ADDED
2026-10-03 EXISTED None
2026-09-29 None ADDED
2026-09-27 EXISTED None
2026-09-23 None ADDED
2026-09-23 EXISTED None
2026-09-19 None ADDED
2026-09-19 EXISTED None
2026-09-15 None ADDED
2026-09-13 EXISTED None

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade D
Profitability
10
Balance Sheet
58
Earnings Quality
53
Growth
38
Value
—
Momentum
39
Safety
—
Cash Flow
36

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
5/9
✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓
Beneish M-Score
1.85
Possible Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-7.40
Bankruptcy prob: 0.1%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
BBB
Score: 56.2/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
—
OCF/NI: -2.08x
Accruals: -5.6%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. KLKBY scores 5/9, indicating moderate financial health — some areas of strength offset by weaknesses in others. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. KLKBY's score of 1.85 exceeds the −1.78 red flag threshold — this does not confirm manipulation but indicates the earnings profile resembles past manipulators statistically. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. KLKBY's implied 0.1% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. KLKBY receives an estimated rating of BBB (score: 56.2/100), with a improving trend.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
-40.08x
PEG
0.22x
P/S
0.89x
P/B
1.89x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
—
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. KLKBY currently has negative earnings — the P/E ratio is not meaningful.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
-3.494
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.070
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.089
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.822
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
2.393
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
-4.3%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. KLKBY's ROE of -4.3% is driven by Asset Turnover (0.822), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of -3.49 suggests the company retains less than 60% of pre-tax earnings after taxes.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
0.00%
Fair P/E
8.50x
Intrinsic Value
—
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$5.50
Median 1Y
$4.08
5th Pctile
$1.09
95th Pctile
$15.25
Ann. Volatility
80.3%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
ROE 19.9% 21.5% 20.7% 18.2% 16.6% 15.5% 12.1% 8.4% 5.8% 4.5% 3.8% 4.8% 4.2% 4.2% 4.3% 5.1% 5.8% 7.1% 7.9% -4.3% -4.32%
ROA 9.2% 9.9% 9.7% 8.6% 7.4% 6.8% 5.5% 3.9% 2.8% 2.0% 1.8% 2.3% 1.9% 1.8% 2.0% 2.3% 2.6% 3.0% 3.5% -1.8% -1.81%
ROIC 14.3% 14.9% 14.0% 12.8% 11.9% 11.7% 9.6% 7.1% 5.4% 4.4% 4.3% 4.6% 4.8% 4.6% 4.3% 5.2% 5.7% 6.1% 6.7% -26.7% -26.70%
ROCE 14.0% 16.2% 15.2% 14.4% 13.3% 12.4% 10.2% 7.4% 5.3% 4.4% 4.0% 5.3% 7.0% 7.2% 7.3% 8.2% 8.3% 8.9% 9.4% 10.6% 10.61%
Gross Margin 12.1% 12.6% 10.8% 11.2% 8.5% 8.1% 5.8% 1.9% 7.5% 7.1% 7.6% 8.1% 33.6% 5.9% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 8.9% 3.8% 10.5% 10.53%
Operating Margin 12.7% 15.0% 13.3% 12.2% 8.8% 10.4% 6.6% 3.5% 1.9% 8.4% 7.8% 7.2% 6.9% 9.0% 7.1% 10.1% 7.5% 10.1% 8.2% 10.8% 10.85%
Net Margin 10.5% 8.8% 8.6% 8.0% 6.6% 6.6% 3.2% 1.6% 2.0% 4.0% 2.1% 4.4% 0.1% 3.7% 2.4% 5.4% 1.5% 6.0% 4.5% -19.1% -19.06%
EBITDA Margin 15.6% 18.0% 17.1% 15.5% 12.0% 13.8% 10.5% 8.3% 5.2% 12.9% 12.7% 13.7% 10.5% 13.6% 10.3% 14.2% 10.7% 14.1% 12.0% 14.4% 14.42%
FCF Margin 1.0% 2.3% 2.2% 0.9% 5.2% 3.4% 7.0% 7.8% 1.6% 2.1% -1.8% -2.2% 0.2% -2.9% -2.9% 0.1% 1.1% 0.5% 2.8% 0.9% 0.90%
OCF Margin 5.8% 7.3% 7.0% 5.6% 9.8% 8.1% 12.0% 13.8% 8.3% 9.5% 6.5% 5.6% 7.8% 4.0% 2.7% 4.9% 5.2% 4.3% 6.5% 4.6% 4.58%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 1.75%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 6.13%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.87%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only -14.45%
ROIC Economic snapshot only -24.46%
Cash ROA snapshot only 3.84%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 5.36%
CROIC snapshot only 1.05%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only -22.84%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 0.63%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 0.03%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -40.076
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.891
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.891
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.224
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.54 1.36 1.77 1.80 2.04 1.85 2.16 1.97 1.85 1.63 1.74 1.58 1.33 1.25 1.32 1.25 1.38 1.33 1.38 1.37 1.368
Quick Ratio 1.05 0.88 1.15 1.12 1.22 1.17 1.37 1.27 1.27 1.08 1.16 1.03 0.84 0.76 0.83 0.80 0.81 0.78 0.82 0.85 0.847
Debt/Equity 0.75 0.76 0.84 0.79 0.67 0.72 0.68 0.66 0.70 0.74 0.75 0.78 0.85 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.85 0.96 0.88 1.02 1.021
Net Debt/Equity 0.47 0.50 0.54 0.54 0.48 0.48 0.48 0.47 0.54 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.67 0.71 0.70 0.66 0.67 0.78 0.72 0.81 0.813
Debt/Assets 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.35 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.35 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.40 0.38 0.40 0.404
Debt/EBITDA 2.47 2.28 2.53 2.48 2.26 2.51 2.75 3.38 4.40 4.99 5.10 4.59 4.19 4.36 4.52 4.24 3.96 4.20 3.75 3.75 3.749
Net Debt/EBITDA 1.55 1.50 1.63 1.69 1.63 1.67 1.93 2.39 3.36 3.82 3.85 3.55 3.32 3.43 3.56 3.18 3.14 3.40 3.09 2.98 2.984
Interest Coverage 12.72 13.76 13.22 11.08 13.25 10.86 8.57 6.19 4.38 3.53 3.27 4.03 3.61 3.67 3.66 3.95 4.10 4.34 4.72 6.74 6.740
Equity Multiplier 2.37 2.32 2.30 2.28 2.12 2.21 2.07 2.08 2.10 2.20 2.13 2.17 2.23 2.33 2.26 2.28 2.23 2.36 2.28 2.53 2.528
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.281
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 9.681
Cash to Debt snapshot only 0.204
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.019
Defensive Interval snapshot only 498.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.81 0.89 0.93 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.822
Inventory Turnover 6.73 7.13 6.79 6.35 6.52 6.75 6.56 5.93 6.18 6.04 6.25 6.10 5.97 5.29 4.05 2.50 1.44 1.24 2.80 4.15 4.151
Receivables Turnover 12.35 8.62 8.55 8.63 14.01 8.77 8.80 7.59 11.12 6.65 6.99 6.96 9.96 6.28 6.41 6.76 8.72 6.45 6.16 6.04 6.042
Payables Turnover 26.06 12.14 13.33 12.75 25.77 12.59 12.81 11.25 24.44 10.38 10.72 10.06 24.45 8.89 7.26 4.40 3.93 2.58 5.79 7.60 7.603
DSO 30 42 43 42 26 42 41 48 33 55 52 52 37 58 57 54 42 57 59 60 60.4 days
DIO 54 51 54 57 56 54 56 62 59 60 58 60 61 69 90 146 254 293 130 88 87.9 days
DPO 14 30 27 29 14 29 28 32 15 35 34 36 15 41 50 83 93 142 63 48 48.0 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 70 64 69 71 68 67 69 77 77 80 77 76 83 86 97 117 203 208 127 100 100.3 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 1.888
Operating Cycle snapshot only 142.3 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 10.181
Capital Intensity snapshot only 1.193
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 27.7% 41.9% 47.2% 45.2% 36.3% 20.4% 9.8% -4.8% -12.9% -16.5% -17.6% -10.0% -5.8% 0.0% 6.7% 9.0% 12.3% 11.9% 9.1% 7.4% 7.45%
Net Income 1.9% 1.6% 79.3% 26.6% -4.0% -19.6% -35.3% -49.4% -61.5% -69.2% -67.1% -40.6% -29.2% -5.4% 14.2% 3.9% 38.3% 66.0% 79.3% -1.8% -1.79%
EPS 1.9% 1.6% 79.4% 26.6% -4.1% -19.6% -35.3% -49.4% -61.5% -69.3% -67.3% -41.6% -30.1% -7.0% 12.3% 2.3% 35.7% 63.4% 77.6% -1.8% -1.79%
FCF -58.6% -25.3% 1.3% -61.7% 6.4% 77.8% 2.6% 7.1% -72.4% -46.9% -1.2% -1.2% -86.6% -2.3% -65.2% 1.1% 4.2% 1.2% 2.1% 7.7% 7.69%
EBITDA 1.0% 1.1% 73.9% 43.9% 17.1% -5.5% -21.2% -34.7% -46.0% -46.8% -38.2% -12.4% 21.0% 36.0% 30.5% 19.8% 10.1% 9.4% 16.2% 13.6% 13.57%
Op. Income 1.4% 1.4% 81.0% 40.4% 10.2% -14.1% -29.7% -45.8% -58.5% -61.4% -53.6% -25.3% 22.1% 51.3% 50.1% 44.4% 25.1% 25.4% 28.6% 18.5% 18.54%
OCF Growth snapshot only 0.37%
Asset Growth snapshot only -3.87%
Equity Growth snapshot only -13.42%
Debt Growth snapshot only 0.40%
Shares Change snapshot only 0.00%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 1.07%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 2.7% 9.1% 13.7% 17.9% 20.5% 20.3% 20.2% 17.3% 14.9% 12.6% 10.0% 7.5% 3.8% 0.2% -1.2% -2.2% -2.7% -2.2% -1.4% 1.8% 1.80%
Revenue 5Y 3.8% 4.9% 4.6% 5.1% 5.3% 5.5% 6.0% 5.1% 5.1% 5.5% 5.8% 7.0% 7.5% 7.8% 8.8% 9.6% 9.9% 9.8% 9.1% 7.8% 7.82%
EPS 3Y 43.6% 53.4% 58.2% 61.7% 51.3% 54.9% 57.7% 16.9% 2.6% -13.7% -27.6% -27.9% -36.3% -38.7% -38.0% -32.9% -28.5% -22.4% -13.3% — —
EPS 5Y 7.0% 16.4% 14.6% 15.1% 16.3% 15.5% 13.6% 5.4% 1.8% -2.2% -3.5% 4.6% -1.4% 1.2% 7.6% -0.9% 0.5% -0.5% -5.4% — —
Net Income 3Y 44.2% 54.1% 58.9% 62.4% 51.9% 55.6% 58.1% 16.9% 2.6% -13.7% -27.4% -27.5% -36.0% -38.4% -37.6% -32.1% -27.7% -21.6% -12.3% — —
Net Income 5Y 7.2% 16.6% 14.9% 15.4% 16.6% 15.8% 13.9% 5.7% 2.1% -2.0% -3.1% 5.2% -0.9% 1.8% 8.2% -0.3% 1.1% 0.2% -4.8% — —
EBITDA 3Y 40.2% 51.0% 58.3% 66.5% 60.9% 52.3% 43.9% 19.7% 8.7% 1.6% -5.4% -6.3% -8.5% -11.9% -14.0% -11.8% -10.4% -7.5% -2.1% 6.0% 6.03%
EBITDA 5Y 14.1% 23.7% 20.7% 21.8% 19.4% 18.0% 18.5% 13.2% 11.7% 11.6% 14.1% 21.4% 22.2% 20.6% 19.2% 12.5% 11.3% 9.3% 5.1% 2.3% 2.30%
Gross Profit 3Y -1.9% 6.4% 9.9% 17.5% 20.4% 15.7% 11.2% -8.7% -11.6% -16.9% -18.8% -13.2% 15.4% 7.2% 47.6% 70.2% 88.1% 96.0% 81.4% 70.5% 70.53%
Gross Profit 5Y -0.5% 2.7% 2.5% 4.8% 1.5% -0.3% -0.7% -7.8% -8.2% -9.4% -8.7% -2.0% 13.6% 13.1% 40.6% 48.6% 56.5% 54.4% 40.1% 24.8% 24.83%
Op. Income 3Y 36.9% 48.2% 54.9% 63.4% 56.1% 54.2% 50.8% 15.8% 3.8% -7.6% -16.1% -17.2% -17.7% -20.6% -21.2% -16.4% -14.1% -9.9% -3.6% 8.5% 8.51%
Op. Income 5Y 11.5% 21.4% 19.7% 20.4% 17.2% 15.3% 13.3% 6.3% 3.2% 1.5% 3.9% 12.0% 14.0% 16.4% 19.0% 10.8% 11.3% 8.4% 2.6% -0.6% -0.56%
FCF 3Y -16.8% -11.5% -19.3% -22.7% 39.2% 27.5% 51.4% 1.1% -5.6% -11.0% — — -35.1% — — -51.5% -42.2% -48.0% -27.9% -50.4% -50.40%
FCF 5Y -14.3% 17.6% 8.5% -10.0% 13.6% 2.7% 33.1% 19.0% 3.2% -8.1% — — -36.9% — — -32.7% -10.1% -28.5% 25.0% -17.6% -17.61%
OCF 3Y 13.3% 9.6% 4.2% 10.8% 32.3% 25.6% 38.8% 47.1% 13.8% 10.9% 5.9% -4.5% 14.4% -17.8% -27.6% -6.7% -21.5% -20.5% -19.7% -29.4% -29.45%
OCF 5Y -2.3% 10.0% 8.8% 5.9% 13.7% 10.1% 26.3% 21.3% 19.7% 11.6% -0.9% 2.9% 8.5% -3.8% -11.7% 2.2% -0.6% -7.0% 6.6% -3.5% -3.52%
Assets 3Y 13.9% 15.6% 19.1% 19.5% 14.0% 13.0% 12.7% 12.5% 12.9% 12.8% 12.5% 10.0% 2.8% 3.8% 1.7% 1.8% 1.6% 2.5% 2.8% 1.3% 1.34%
Assets 5Y 8.9% 7.6% 8.7% 9.3% 9.2% 8.8% 8.6% 9.5% 9.7% 10.9% 11.6% 11.8% 8.4% 9.1% 9.5% 9.0% 8.7% 8.3% 7.6% 5.7% 5.73%
Equity 3Y 1.3% 4.8% 7.6% 8.8% 11.3% 10.0% 11.2% 10.4% 9.8% 9.1% 8.7% 6.4% 4.9% 3.6% 2.3% 1.9% -0.1% 0.1% -0.3% -5.1% -5.06%
Book Value 3Y 0.8% 4.4% 7.2% 8.4% 10.9% 9.6% 10.9% 10.4% 9.8% 9.1% 8.5% 5.9% 4.5% 3.0% 1.6% 0.8% -1.2% -0.9% -1.4% -6.1% -6.07%
Dividend 3Y 36.9% 36.9% 25.5% 25.5% 21.5% 21.5% -0.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% -35.4% -35.6% -35.3% -35.4% 2.5% 2.2% 2.1% 2.1% 26.0% 26.0% 26.02%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.13 0.18 0.27 0.38 0.43 0.50 0.54 0.53 0.56 0.49 0.43 0.40 0.43 0.39 0.42 0.48 0.74 0.738
Earnings Stability 0.04 0.25 0.30 0.48 0.56 0.56 0.53 0.37 0.21 0.13 0.08 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.13 0.19 0.23 0.37 0.84 0.837
Margin Stability 0.89 0.89 0.87 0.90 0.88 0.85 0.79 0.73 0.74 0.70 0.67 0.68 0.72 0.71 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.15 0.04 0.040
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.89 0.98 0.92 0.86 0.80 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.84 0.88 0.98 0.94 0.98 0.85 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.200
Earnings Smoothness 0.02 0.11 0.43 0.77 0.96 0.78 0.57 0.34 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.49 0.66 0.94 0.87 0.96 0.68 0.50 0.43 — —
ROE Trend 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.06 0.02 0.00 -0.04 -0.08 -0.11 -0.13 -0.12 -0.08 -0.06 -0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 -0.10 -0.096
Gross Margin Trend -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.01 -0.03 -0.05 -0.07 -0.05 -0.05 -0.04 -0.01 0.06 0.06 0.31 0.55 0.68 0.68 0.31 -0.05 -0.046
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.06 -0.01 -0.01 -0.06 -0.07 -0.03 -0.06 -0.05 -0.03 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.02 0.019
Sustainable Growth Rate 14.7% 16.4% 12.0% 9.8% 8.3% 7.2% 4.2% 0.7% -1.7% -3.3% 1.7% 2.8% 2.1% 2.1% 2.1% 2.8% 3.5% 4.7% 3.2% — —
Internal Growth Rate 7.3% 8.2% 6.0% 4.8% 3.9% 3.3% 2.0% 0.3% — — 0.8% 1.3% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 1.3% 1.6% 2.0% 1.4% — —
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.51 0.65 0.66 0.63 1.23 1.08 1.93 2.90 2.35 3.48 2.63 1.79 2.93 1.55 1.03 1.64 1.58 1.13 1.49 -2.08 -2.084
FCF/OCF 0.16 0.31 0.31 0.16 0.53 0.42 0.59 0.57 0.20 0.23 -0.28 -0.39 0.03 -0.72 -1.05 0.02 0.21 0.12 0.43 0.20 0.197
FCF/Net Income snapshot only -0.410
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.357
CapEx/Revenue 4.9% 5.0% 4.8% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.9% 6.0% 6.6% 7.4% 8.4% 7.8% 7.5% 6.9% 5.6% 4.8% 4.1% 3.8% 3.7% 3.7% 3.68%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.943
Accruals Ratio 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.05 -0.07 -0.04 -0.05 -0.03 -0.02 -0.04 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.02 -0.00 -0.02 -0.06 -0.056
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.003
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 0.736
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.86%
Dividend/Share $0.55 $0.55 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $1.00 $0.27 $0.27 $0.27 $0.27 $0.29 $0.29 $0.29 $0.29 $0.60 $0.60 $0.60
Payout Ratio 26.3% 23.7% 42.2% 46.3% 49.8% 53.6% 65.2% 91.4% 1.3% 1.7% 53.8% 41.8% 50.1% 50.7% 51.9% 44.3% 39.9% 33.6% 59.8% — —
FCF Payout Ratio 3.1% 1.2% 2.0% 4.5% 76.8% 1.2% 57.4% 55.7% 2.8% 2.2% — — 5.7% — — 11.9% 1.2% 2.5% 94.5% 2.8% 2.82%
Total Payout Ratio 26.9% 24.3% 42.7% 46.6% 49.8% 53.6% 65.2% 91.4% 1.3% 1.7% 53.8% 41.8% 1.5% 1.5% 1.4% 1.2% 39.9% 33.6% 59.8% — —
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.76 0.73 0.72 0.69 0.67 0.70 0.70 0.70 0.72 0.67 0.58 0.57 0.47 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.54 0.58 0.61 -3.49 -3.494
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.96 0.96 0.95 0.93 0.91 0.87 0.84 0.90 0.91 0.77 0.78 0.73 0.75 0.76 0.80 0.82 0.07 0.070
EBIT Margin 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.089
Asset Turnover 0.81 0.89 0.93 0.96 0.93 0.92 0.89 0.82 0.78 0.74 0.73 0.73 0.73 0.71 0.74 0.76 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.822
Equity Multiplier 2.16 2.17 2.13 2.13 2.23 2.26 2.18 2.18 2.11 2.20 2.10 2.12 2.16 2.27 2.20 2.22 2.23 2.35 2.27 2.39 2.393
Per Share
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $2.09 $2.32 $2.37 $2.16 $2.01 $1.86 $1.53 $1.09 $0.77 $0.57 $0.50 $0.64 $0.54 $0.53 $0.56 $0.65 $0.73 $0.87 $1.00 $-0.52 $-0.52
Book Value/Share $11.00 $11.49 $12.28 $12.53 $13.25 $12.63 $13.09 $13.41 $13.28 $13.12 $13.55 $13.25 $12.54 $12.57 $12.87 $12.83 $12.79 $12.27 $12.55 $11.11 $12.19
Tangible Book/Share $10.68 $11.17 $11.96 $12.20 $12.92 $12.30 $12.74 $13.04 $12.90 $12.71 $13.14 $12.86 $12.16 $12.19 $12.49 $12.45 $12.41 $11.90 $12.18 $10.75 $10.75
Revenue/Share $18.47 $20.82 $22.56 $24.21 $25.18 $25.07 $24.75 $23.04 $21.93 $20.93 $20.27 $20.40 $20.38 $20.60 $21.28 $21.90 $22.47 $22.69 $22.98 $23.54 $23.58
FCF/Share $0.18 $0.48 $0.49 $0.22 $1.30 $0.85 $1.74 $1.80 $0.36 $0.45 $-0.37 $-0.44 $0.05 $-0.59 $-0.61 $0.02 $0.24 $0.12 $0.63 $0.21 $0.22
OCF/Share $1.07 $1.51 $1.57 $1.37 $2.48 $2.02 $2.96 $3.17 $1.82 $1.99 $1.32 $1.14 $1.59 $0.82 $0.58 $1.07 $1.16 $0.98 $1.49 $1.08 $1.12
Cash/Share $3.08 $3.01 $3.68 $3.15 $2.47 $3.03 $2.64 $2.59 $2.21 $2.29 $2.47 $2.35 $2.19 $2.40 $2.44 $2.82 $2.24 $2.22 $1.93 $2.31 $2.31
EBITDA/Share $3.36 $3.86 $4.10 $4.01 $3.93 $3.65 $3.23 $2.62 $2.12 $1.94 $1.98 $2.26 $2.53 $2.60 $2.54 $2.66 $2.74 $2.80 $2.93 $3.02 $3.02
Debt/Share $8.28 $8.79 $10.36 $9.94 $8.87 $9.14 $8.88 $8.85 $9.34 $9.69 $10.11 $10.35 $10.61 $11.30 $11.50 $11.29 $10.82 $11.73 $10.99 $11.34 $11.34
Net Debt/Share $5.20 $5.78 $6.67 $6.79 $6.40 $6.10 $6.23 $6.26 $7.13 $7.40 $7.64 $8.00 $8.42 $8.91 $9.06 $8.47 $8.59 $9.52 $9.06 $9.03 $9.03
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 3 3 4 4 4 3 6 6 7 7 7 5 5
Beneish M-Score -0.99 -1.86 -1.97 -2.05 -2.33 -2.21 -2.30 -0.37 -2.59 -2.74 -2.79 -2.87 -2.94 -2.39 -2.84 -2.72 -2.40 -2.52 11.15 1.85 1.848
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -7.402
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 13.59%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-4.62
EVA snapshot only $-8228961354.66
Credit
Metric Trend Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Q3'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only BBB
Credit Score 65.90 64.85 66.50 65.90 70.25 67.40 67.75 63.30 54.75 54.75 52.25 53.25 51.60 48.90 50.10 49.80 53.10 49.80 54.00 56.25 56.250
Credit Grade snapshot only 9
Credit Trend snapshot only 6.450
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 275.000

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