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LSBK NASDAQ

Lake Shore Bancorp, Inc.
1W: +3.1% 1M: +6.7% 3M: +8.1% YTD: +25.9% 1Y: +41.8% 3Y: +163.3% 5Y: +90.5%
$18.38
+0.24 (+1.32%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±4.0%
$17 $18 $18 $19 $20
NASDAQ · Financial Services · Banks - Regional · Tech Score Neutral · Power 56 · $144.5M mcap · 3M float · 0.571% daily turnover · Short 43% of daily vol

Edge Score

Quantitative competitive moat analysis scoring five pillars of durable advantage — cost leadership, brand intangibles, switching costs, network effects, and efficient scale — using industry percentile rankings on a 0–100 scale.

WEAK EDGE
53.2 / 100
NoneWeakNarrowWide
Primary source: Intangible Assets  ·  ROIC: 9.5%  ·  5Y Avg: 11.0%
Cost Advantage
50
Intangibles
65
Switching Cost
56
Network Effect
49
Scale
37
The Edge Score quantifies a company's competitive moat using five pillars: Cost Advantage (20%, operating margin and SG&A efficiency vs industry peers), Intangible Assets (25%, gross margin premium, R&D intensity, brand pricing power), Switching Costs (25%, revenue stability, earnings consistency, customer retention proxied by operating leverage), Network Effects (15%, revenue growth with expanding margins, market share dominance), and Efficient Scale (15%, market concentration, ROIC sustainability). Each pillar is scored 0–100 using industry percentile rankings, then weighted into a composite. Wide ≥ 70, Narrow ≥ 55, Weak ≥ 40, None < 40. LSBK shows a Weak competitive edge (53.2/100) — limited structural advantages that may face competitive pressure. The primary source of advantage is Intangible Assets. ROIC of 9.5% suggests modest returns relative to capital deployed.

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
4
ROE
3
ROA
5
D/E
1
P/E
2
P/B
3
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. LSBK receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: DCF (4/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: D/E (1/5), P/E (2/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-10-01 B- B+
2026-08-17 C B-
2026-07-25 B C
2026-07-13 B+ B
2026-07-01 B- B+
2026-06-24 B B-
2026-05-18 C B
2026-05-05 C- C
2026-05-05 C C-
2026-04-24 B+ C

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ 62 Grade A+
Profitability
60
Balance Sheet
47
Earnings Quality
92
Growth
60
Value
62
Momentum
88
Safety
90
Cash Flow
88
The InsiderStreet Scorecard rates companies across eight dimensions: Profitability (margins, ROA, ROE), Balance Sheet (leverage, liquidity, coverage), Earnings Quality (accruals, cash conversion), Growth (revenue and earnings trajectory), Value (P/E, P/B, earnings yield, Graham criteria), Momentum (revenue and earnings acceleration), Safety (Altman Z-Score risk adjustment), and Cash Flow (operating cash flow quality, FCF conversion, cash coverage). The overall score blends 35% quality, 35% value, and 30% momentum, with a penalty for distress-zone Altman scores. LSBK scores highest in Earnings Quality (92/100) and lowest in Balance Sheet (47/100). An overall grade of A+ places LSBK among the highest-quality companies in its peer group.

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman-B Score
3.91
Safe Zone
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.43
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
3.42
Bankruptcy prob: 96.8%
High Risk
Credit Rating
A-
Score: 66.4/100
Trend: Deteriorating
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.27x
Accruals: -0.3%
The Altman-B Score replaces the traditional Z-Score for banks and financial institutions. It weights equity-to-assets, return on assets, retained earnings, market value coverage, and cash reserves — metrics that better capture bank solvency than manufacturing-oriented ratios. LSBK scores 3.91, placing it in the Safe Zone (safe > 3.0, distress < 1.5). Bankruptcy is statistically unlikely within the next two years. The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. LSBK scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. LSBK's score of -2.43 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. LSBK's implied 96.8% bankruptcy probability signals significant financial distress. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. LSBK receives an estimated rating of A- (score: 66.4/100), with a deteriorating trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). LSBK's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
16.41x
PEG
0.33x
P/S
3.57x
P/B
0.95x
P/FCF
12.70x
P/OCF
12.57x
EV/EBITDA
7.13x
EV/Revenue
1.90x
EV/EBIT
7.53x
EV/FCF
7.31x
Earnings Yield
6.29%
FCF Yield
7.87%
Shareholder Yield
2.04%
Graham Number
$22.06
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 16.4x earnings, LSBK trades at a reasonable valuation. An earnings yield of 6.3% exceeds typical risk-free rates, suggesting equities are being compensated for risk. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $22.06 per share, suggesting a potential 20% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.823
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
1.000
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.252
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
0.055
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
6.192
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
7.1%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. LSBK's ROE of 7.1% is driven by financial leverage (equity multiplier: 6.19x). Note: high leverage means ROE is amplified by debt rather than operational performance.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$43.10
Price/Value
0.41x
Margin of Safety
58.68%
Premium
-58.68%
Assessment
Neutral
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with LSBK's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. LSBK actually compounded EPS at 17.5% over three years; the model uses 15%, the highest rate it will extrapolate — of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it over the following seven years. LSBK trades at a -59% premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $43.10, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 16.4x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$18.38
Median 1Y
$19.05
5th Pctile
$10.81
95th Pctile
$33.62
Ann. Volatility
36.2%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical

Executive Compensation

C-suite compensation breakdown including salary, stock awards, options, and incentive pay. The CEO-to-employee pay ratio and Gini coefficient measure pay distribution fairness.

C-Suite Compensation

ExecutiveSalaryStockTotal
Kim C. Liddell
President and Chief Executive Officer
$604,995 $98,754 $1,152,747
Jeffrey M. Werdein
Executive Vice President, Commercial Division
$290,338 $47,538 $512,645
Taylor M. Gilden
Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
$278,253 $43,266 $444,147

CEO Pay Ratio

11:1
CEO-to-Employee Pay Ratio
CEO Total Comp: $1,152,747
Avg Employee Cost (SGA/emp): $102,207
Employees: 87

C-Suite Pay Equality (Gini)

CEO Compensation Mix

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
87
Revenue / Employee
$454,644
Rev: $39,554,000
Profit / Employee
$83,552
NI: $7,269,000
SGA / Employee
$102,207
Avg labor cost proxy

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE 6.6% 7.1% 6.6% 7.5% 7.7% 6.7% 7.6% 6.7% 6.6% 5.8% 4.9% 5.2% 4.9% 5.6% 5.6% 6.4% 5.9% 6.3% 7.0% 7.1% 7.06%
ROA 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 1.0% 1.2% 1.1% 1.14%
ROIC -15.5% -13.3% -51.9% 7.2% 52.1% 15.8% 52.3% 28.9% 36.6% 65.6% -2.2% -54.8% -48.8% 47.0% 40.3% -20.5% 68.1% 27.8% 27.0% 9.5% 9.52%
ROCE 5.7% 6.2% 5.9% 6.5% 6.8% 5.9% 5.7% 5.0% 4.9% 4.6% 4.4% 4.7% 4.9% 5.2% 5.6% 6.4% 5.3% 1.2% 6.3% 6.4% 6.44%
Gross Margin 91.2% 92.6% 87.0% 92.3% 92.4% 85.7% 87.8% 77.1% 76.1% 68.3% 66.5% 65.6% 66.4% 72.7% 67.6% 69.9% 73.8% 72.0% 76.6% 74.2% 74.21%
Operating Margin 28.6% 31.9% 19.0% 28.3% 28.2% 17.9% 23.0% 11.7% 20.4% 13.7% 12.8% 14.0% 16.5% 18.1% 13.9% 23.2% 27.3% 23.1% 24.1% 26.1% 26.14%
Net Margin 23.6% 26.1% 15.9% 23.5% 23.3% 14.8% 19.8% 9.0% 16.8% 7.9% 10.9% 11.8% 13.8% 15.2% 11.6% 19.4% 22.6% 19.1% 19.7% 21.4% 21.44%
EBITDA Margin 31.7% 35.0% 22.5% 31.3% 30.9% 20.4% 25.3% 13.9% 22.6% 15.8% 14.9% 16.0% 18.4% 19.9% 15.6% 24.8% 28.8% 24.6% 25.6% 27.5% 27.51%
FCF Margin 25.0% 28.5% 28.6% 30.7% 28.3% 26.2% 24.7% 20.9% 17.0% 16.0% 12.1% 8.6% 1.8% 6.6% 8.2% 10.3% 22.2% 18.8% 24.0% 26.0% 25.97%
OCF Margin 27.1% 30.7% 30.6% 32.6% 29.9% 27.6% 26.0% 22.5% 18.4% 17.1% 12.8% 8.8% 1.9% 6.6% 8.6% 11.7% 23.6% 20.2% 25.0% 26.2% 26.25%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 5.71%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 6.29%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 0.85%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 9.45%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 5.83%
Cash ROA snapshot only 1.44%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 12.05%
CROIC snapshot only 11.92%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 20.74%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 25.20%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 31.12%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 1.31%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio 13.82 12.23 14.17 12.06 11.32 11.28 8.77 10.77 10.55 12.93 15.29 15.72 17.40 15.59 17.72 15.24 14.53 15.00 13.80 15.91 16.411
P/S Ratio 2.77 2.72 2.85 2.70 2.53 2.19 1.77 1.77 1.59 1.71 1.71 1.86 1.93 2.02 2.33 2.30 2.53 2.76 2.79 3.30 3.573
P/B Ratio 0.90 0.86 0.95 0.93 0.92 0.79 0.67 0.71 0.68 0.72 0.73 0.80 0.82 0.86 0.97 0.95 0.71 0.77 0.79 0.92 0.951
P/FCF 11.09 9.55 9.96 8.80 8.93 8.33 7.19 8.51 9.35 10.72 14.08 21.51 109.04 30.64 28.31 22.32 11.41 14.66 11.63 12.70 12.704
P/OCF 10.22 8.85 9.32 8.28 8.46 7.91 6.82 7.90 8.66 10.05 13.34 21.04 103.93 30.64 27.05 19.67 10.71 13.63 11.15 12.57 12.569
EV/EBITDA -5.93 -7.05 -1.91 -0.52 0.67 2.49 -1.87 -0.76 -1.67 -2.36 -3.98 -3.84 -4.07 -0.38 1.48 -4.37 -3.47 -0.69 -0.00 7.13 7.128
EV/Revenue -1.61 -2.11 -0.53 -0.16 0.20 0.65 -0.50 -0.17 -0.34 -0.46 -0.67 -0.67 -0.66 -0.07 0.26 -0.86 -0.78 -0.16 -0.00 1.90 1.899
EV/EBIT -6.69 -7.86 -2.16 -0.58 0.74 2.80 -2.07 -0.86 -1.88 -2.67 -4.56 -4.37 -4.65 -0.43 1.66 -4.79 -3.74 -0.74 -0.00 7.53 7.535
EV/FCF -6.45 -7.42 -1.85 -0.51 0.71 2.49 -2.03 -0.82 -2.01 -2.85 -5.53 -7.72 -37.56 -1.00 3.15 -8.37 -3.52 -0.87 -0.00 7.31 7.312
Earnings Yield 7.2% 8.2% 7.1% 8.3% 8.8% 8.9% 11.4% 9.3% 9.5% 7.7% 6.5% 6.4% 5.7% 6.4% 5.6% 6.6% 6.9% 6.7% 7.2% 6.3% 6.29%
FCF Yield 9.0% 10.5% 10.0% 11.4% 11.2% 12.0% 13.9% 11.8% 10.7% 9.3% 7.1% 4.6% 0.9% 3.3% 3.5% 4.5% 8.8% 6.8% 8.6% 7.9% 7.87%
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.333
Price/Tangible Book snapshot only 0.922
EV/OCF snapshot only 7.235
EV/Gross Profit snapshot only 2.561
Acquirers Multiple snapshot only 7.535
Shareholder Yield snapshot only 2.04%
Graham Number snapshot only $22.06
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 0.25 0.27 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.23 200.88 0.20 0.01 0.010
Quick Ratio 0.25 0.27 0.20 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.21 0.19 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.23 200.88 0.20 0.01 0.010
Debt/Equity 0.25 0.25 0.27 0.31 0.32 0.46 0.50 0.44 0.45 0.41 0.29 0.27 0.11 0.11 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.000
Net Debt/Equity -1.42 -1.53 -1.13 -0.99 -0.84 -0.56 -0.85 -0.77 -0.82 -0.91 -1.02 -1.09 -1.10 -0.88 -0.86 -1.30 -0.93 -0.82 -0.79 -0.39 -0.391
Debt/Assets 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.000
Debt/EBITDA 2.89 2.63 2.87 2.96 2.93 4.86 4.93 4.93 5.09 5.02 4.03 3.56 1.65 1.55 0.60 0.26 0.23 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.000
Net Debt/EBITDA -16.14 -16.12 -12.23 -9.45 -7.75 -5.84 -8.50 -8.72 -9.43 -11.23 -14.10 -14.55 -15.90 -12.02 -11.81 -16.02 -14.72 -12.33 -10.76 -5.26 -5.256
Interest Coverage 2.22 2.80 2.88 3.67 3.82 2.84 2.09 1.22 0.87 0.66 0.49 0.46 0.40 0.43 0.45 0.55 0.67 0.75 0.88 0.95 0.951
Equity Multiplier 8.20 8.11 8.56 8.62 8.90 8.62 8.77 8.56 8.72 8.40 8.29 8.18 7.76 7.63 7.60 7.91 5.33 5.14 5.07 5.09 5.089
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.098
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 1.005
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1098.8 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.055
Inventory Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 9.69 10.18 10.13 10.66 10.84 11.16 11.89 13.00 12.75 12.92 12.79 13.55 13.15 13.48 12.81 13.41 13.26 13.58 13.55 13.85 13.848
Payables Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DSO 38 36 36 34 34 33 31 28 29 28 29 27 28 27 28 27 28 27 27 26 26.4 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 —
Cash Conversion Cycle 38 36 36 34 34 33 31 28 29 28 29 27 28 27 28 27 28 27 27 26 —
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 5.900
Cash Velocity snapshot only 0.714
Capital Intensity snapshot only 18.211
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3.0% 1.9% 0.6% 1.4% 1.1% 5.8% 13.2% 18.7% 23.1% 23.5% 18.9% 13.6% 8.8% 4.7% 1.8% 1.7% 2.9% 3.8% 6.2% 5.6% 5.62%
Net Income 25.1% 35.7% 0.8% 21.3% 12.8% -7.7% 13.9% -12.6% -16.9% -15.6% -34.4% -18.5% -20.0% 2.3% 19.9% 29.8% 61.6% 47.4% 63.6% 45.2% 45.21%
EPS 26.4% 38.9% 2.2% 21.6% 12.7% -7.9% 13.0% -11.7% -16.3% -15.3% -34.1% -19.1% -17.0% 1.4% 24.0% 35.3% 61.4% 54.0% 69.3% 48.3% 48.27%
FCF 30.1% 52.3% 47.5% 51.1% 14.7% -2.4% -2.3% -19.2% -26.0% -24.8% -41.7% -53.0% -88.7% -56.9% -30.9% 21.4% 11.9% 2.0% 2.1% 1.7% 1.66%
EBITDA 24.8% 34.0% 3.7% 20.6% 12.0% -7.4% 9.7% -12.4% -15.9% -9.1% -25.1% -11.6% -13.5% -6.0% 5.8% 15.7% 41.8% 41.8% 57.4% 42.5% 42.52%
Op. Income 28.3% 38.9% 3.7% 22.9% 13.5% -8.1% 11.8% -12.8% -17.0% -9.5% -27.7% -12.8% -14.5% -5.7% 8.5% 20.1% 50.1% 49.2% 66.0% 47.8% 47.85%
OCF Growth snapshot only 1.37%
Asset Growth snapshot only 0.25%
Equity Growth snapshot only 55.85%
Debt Growth snapshot only -1.00%
Shares Change snapshot only -2.06%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 1.49%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 6.4% 5.1% 4.0% 3.6% 2.9% 3.3% 4.7% 6.4% 8.7% 10.0% 10.7% 11.0% 10.7% 11.0% 11.1% 11.1% 11.3% 10.3% 8.7% 6.8% 6.84%
Revenue 5Y 5.4% 5.2% 6.3% 5.8% 5.6% 6.0% 6.9% 7.9% 8.4% 8.7% 8.7% 8.4% 7.9% 7.3% 6.8% 6.8% 7.5% 7.7% 7.9% 8.0% 7.98%
EPS 3Y 17.5% 18.0% 13.3% 19.2% 18.0% 13.2% 18.0% 7.7% 6.0% 2.7% -8.7% -4.6% -7.8% -7.5% -2.6% -1.1% 3.9% 9.8% 11.5% 17.5% 17.53%
EPS 5Y 0.2% 9.8% 13.5% 18.7% 17.5% 13.8% 12.8% 10.5% 8.9% 5.1% 1.6% 3.9% 2.7% 4.5% 6.1% 6.5% 9.8% 11.1% 9.8% 11.8% 11.75%
Net Income 3Y 16.2% 15.6% 12.0% 18.5% 17.4% 11.8% 17.3% 6.9% 5.5% 1.9% -9.0% -4.8% -9.1% -7.3% -3.6% -2.6% 2.4% 8.4% 8.7% 15.4% 15.37%
Net Income 5Y 5.9% 12.0% 19.5% 17.8% 16.6% 11.1% 12.0% 9.6% 8.0% 3.8% 0.9% 3.4% 1.5% 3.8% 4.9% 5.3% 8.7% 9.8% 8.1% 10.2% 10.23%
EBITDA 3Y 12.8% 15.9% 12.8% 18.3% 17.1% 11.7% 16.0% 7.0% 5.5% 4.1% -5.2% -2.3% -6.6% -7.5% -4.6% -3.6% 1.0% 6.6% 7.6% 13.4% 13.38%
EBITDA 5Y 4.7% 10.1% 16.4% 15.1% 14.0% 7.4% 8.4% 6.9% 6.2% 5.6% 3.3% 5.1% 3.1% 3.5% 4.3% 4.6% 7.6% 8.5% 7.2% 9.0% 9.01%
Gross Profit 3Y 6.8% 7.0% 6.4% 8.0% 8.1% 8.4% 11.0% 10.7% 10.7% 9.6% 6.1% 4.7% 2.0% 1.8% 1.9% 1.4% 2.4% 2.2% 1.6% 1.9% 1.90%
Gross Profit 5Y 4.9% 6.2% 7.8% 7.9% 7.7% 6.8% 7.7% 8.0% 7.8% 7.0% 5.8% 5.3% 4.4% 4.6% 4.7% 4.8% 5.8% 5.7% 5.6% 5.7% 5.75%
Op. Income 3Y 14.3% 17.7% 14.1% 20.6% 19.3% 13.2% 18.4% 8.2% 6.5% 4.9% -5.7% -2.3% -7.0% -7.8% -4.3% -3.0% 2.1% 8.4% 9.2% 15.7% 15.67%
Op. Income 5Y 5.4% 11.7% 20.1% 18.0% 16.5% 8.5% 9.6% 7.9% 7.0% 6.3% 3.7% 5.9% 3.8% 4.3% 5.5% 5.8% 9.2% 10.2% 8.6% 10.6% 10.64%
FCF 3Y 13.0% 14.4% 15.1% 18.5% 11.1% 15.4% 9.1% 4.1% 3.4% 3.8% -5.6% -16.9% -54.2% -31.9% -26.7% -22.8% 2.6% -1.3% 7.7% 14.9% 14.94%
FCF 5Y 12.0% 15.7% 13.6% 19.0% 19.6% 12.2% 16.9% 8.8% 4.2% 1.9% -2.8% -8.8% -35.1% -13.0% -12.1% -8.4% 10.0% 7.4% 12.5% 13.1% 13.13%
OCF 3Y 10.5% 11.8% 12.5% 15.3% 8.7% 11.7% 5.6% 3.1% 2.5% 3.5% -6.0% -18.6% -54.7% -33.6% -27.2% -21.1% 2.9% -0.6% 7.3% 12.5% 12.51%
OCF 5Y 11.5% 14.8% 12.6% 13.3% 12.1% 6.9% 10.0% 6.5% 2.7% 0.3% -4.3% -10.9% -36.0% -15.5% -14.0% -8.0% 9.1% 7.4% 11.9% 11.5% 11.50%
Assets 3Y 9.1% 9.4% 8.5% 6.3% 5.2% 4.6% 5.1% 1.8% 1.5% 1.9% 0.6% 0.0% -0.6% -1.3% -0.9% 1.9% 2.2% 1.3% -0.4% 1.0% 1.04%
Assets 5Y 8.2% 7.8% 7.5% 6.6% 6.3% 6.2% 6.6% 5.6% 5.5% 5.8% 5.3% 4.2% 3.2% 2.3% 1.9% 1.6% 1.7% 1.2% 0.5% 0.7% 0.71%
Equity 3Y 3.2% 3.3% 0.7% -0.4% -1.8% -0.7% -0.2% -0.4% -1.2% 0.1% 0.2% 0.2% 1.3% 0.7% 3.1% 4.8% 21.2% 20.4% 19.6% 20.2% 20.18%
Book Value 3Y 4.3% 5.4% 1.8% 0.2% -1.2% 0.6% 0.4% 0.3% -0.7% 0.9% 0.6% 0.4% 2.7% 0.5% 4.2% 6.4% 23.0% 21.9% 22.6% 22.4% 22.43%
Dividend 3Y 3.1% 4.1% 4.3% 3.9% 5.0% 11.3% 0.6% -10.5% -27.5% — — -23.6% 17.7% — — 46.3% 25.8% 17.2% 13.9% 37.1% 37.14%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.96 0.94 0.89 0.89 0.91 0.92 0.89 0.86 0.84 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.84 0.86 0.89 0.91 0.95 0.96 0.963
Earnings Stability 0.50 0.79 0.90 0.97 0.97 0.85 0.90 0.84 0.72 0.41 0.18 0.21 0.07 0.10 0.01 0.07 0.11 0.21 0.13 0.29 0.294
Margin Stability 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.92 0.90 0.89 0.89 0.88 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.901
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.90 0.86 1.00 0.91 0.95 0.97 0.94 0.95 0.93 0.94 0.86 0.93 0.92 0.99 0.92 0.88 0.50 0.81 0.50 0.82 0.819
Earnings Smoothness 0.78 0.70 0.99 0.81 0.88 0.92 0.87 0.87 0.82 0.83 0.58 0.80 0.78 0.98 0.82 0.74 0.53 0.62 0.52 0.63 0.631
ROE Trend 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.00 0.01 0.00 0.001
Gross Margin Trend 0.07 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.06 0.05 -0.01 -0.07 -0.12 -0.17 -0.19 -0.20 -0.15 -0.13 -0.08 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.05 0.050
FCF Margin Trend 0.04 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.02 0.01 -0.05 -0.10 -0.11 -0.15 -0.17 -0.21 -0.15 -0.10 -0.04 0.13 0.08 0.14 0.17 0.165
Sustainable Growth Rate 5.3% 5.9% 5.3% 6.1% 6.2% 5.0% 6.3% 5.7% 6.0% 5.8% 4.9% 4.8% 4.1% 4.4% 4.0% 5.2% 4.7% 4.8% 5.3% 4.8% 4.84%
Internal Growth Rate 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.7% 0.6% 0.6% 0.5% 0.5% 0.5% 0.7% 0.8% 0.8% 0.9% 0.8% 0.79%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 1.35 1.38 1.52 1.46 1.34 1.43 1.29 1.36 1.22 1.29 1.15 0.75 0.17 0.51 0.66 0.77 1.36 1.10 1.24 1.27 1.266
FCF/OCF 0.92 0.93 0.94 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.95 0.98 0.95 1.00 0.96 0.88 0.94 0.93 0.96 0.99 0.989
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.252
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.985
CapEx/Revenue 2.1% 2.3% 2.0% 1.9% 1.6% 1.4% 1.3% 1.6% 1.4% 1.1% 0.7% 0.2% 0.1% 0.0% 0.4% 1.4% 1.5% 1.4% 1.0% 0.3% 0.28%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.192
Accruals Ratio -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.00 -0.003
Sloan Accruals snapshot only -0.097
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 3.858
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield 1.4% 1.4% 1.4% 1.5% 1.7% 2.2% 2.0% 1.4% 0.8% 0.0% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 1.6% 1.2% 1.4% 1.5% 1.8% 2.0% 1.96%
Dividend/Share $0.14 $0.14 $0.14 $0.15 $0.15 $0.19 $0.14 $0.10 $0.06 $0.00 $0.00 $0.05 $0.09 $0.14 $0.19 $0.14 $0.18 $0.23 $0.27 $0.35 $0.36
Payout Ratio 19.3% 17.5% 20.3% 18.6% 19.5% 25.2% 17.8% 14.9% 8.8% 0.0% 0.0% 8.1% 17.1% 21.9% 29.0% 18.7% 20.3% 23.1% 24.3% 31.5% 31.47%
FCF Payout Ratio 15.5% 13.7% 14.3% 13.6% 15.4% 18.6% 14.6% 11.8% 7.8% 0.0% 0.0% 11.1% 1.1% 43.1% 46.4% 27.4% 15.9% 22.5% 20.5% 25.1% 25.13%
Total Payout Ratio 59.4% 54.0% 49.1% 36.8% 23.3% 26.7% 20.0% 15.9% 9.8% 1.2% 0.5% 8.5% 17.6% 22.3% 29.8% 19.7% 21.1% 23.8% 24.9% 32.5% 32.47%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 — — 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Chowder Number 0.07 0.08 0.11 0.12 0.16 0.35 0.02 -0.28 -0.62 — — -0.55 0.57 — — 2.01 0.92 0.56 0.39 1.46 1.460
Buyback Yield 2.9% 3.0% 2.0% 1.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.06%
Net Buyback Yield 2.9% 3.0% 2.0% 1.5% 0.3% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% -43.7% -39.6% -38.5% -32.4% -32.36%
Total Shareholder Return 4.3% 4.4% 3.5% 3.1% 2.1% 2.4% 2.3% 1.5% 0.9% 0.1% 0.0% 0.5% 1.0% 1.4% 1.7% 1.3% -42.3% -38.1% -36.7% -30.4% -30.39%
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.78 0.76 0.77 0.78 0.84 0.84 0.84 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.82 0.823
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
EBIT Margin 0.24 0.27 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.21 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.252
Asset Turnover 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.055
Equity Multiplier 8.12 8.05 8.38 8.41 8.53 8.36 8.66 8.59 8.81 8.51 8.53 8.37 8.22 8.01 7.94 8.04 6.28 6.10 6.05 6.19 6.192
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $0.70 $0.80 $0.70 $0.78 $0.79 $0.74 $0.79 $0.69 $0.66 $0.63 $0.52 $0.56 $0.55 $0.63 $0.65 $0.76 $0.89 $0.98 $1.10 $1.12 $1.12
Book Value/Share $10.85 $11.41 $10.45 $10.08 $9.79 $10.50 $10.45 $10.53 $10.33 $11.20 $10.92 $10.90 $11.76 $11.56 $11.84 $12.14 $18.21 $19.04 $19.25 $19.32 $19.32
Tangible Book/Share $10.85 $11.41 $10.45 $10.08 $9.79 $10.50 $10.45 $10.53 $10.33 $11.20 $10.92 $10.88 $11.74 $11.54 $11.82 $12.12 $18.19 $19.04 $19.25 $19.32 $19.32
Revenue/Share $3.52 $3.61 $3.49 $3.49 $3.55 $3.81 $3.93 $4.19 $4.41 $4.72 $4.70 $4.72 $4.97 $4.90 $4.95 $5.01 $5.11 $5.32 $5.44 $5.40 $5.40
FCF/Share $0.88 $1.03 $1.00 $1.07 $1.01 $1.00 $0.97 $0.87 $0.75 $0.75 $0.57 $0.41 $0.09 $0.32 $0.41 $0.52 $1.13 $1.00 $1.31 $1.40 $1.40
OCF/Share $0.95 $1.11 $1.07 $1.14 $1.06 $1.05 $1.02 $0.94 $0.81 $0.81 $0.60 $0.42 $0.09 $0.32 $0.43 $0.59 $1.21 $1.08 $1.36 $1.42 $1.42
Cash/Share $18.14 $20.27 $14.58 $13.09 $11.40 $10.70 $14.11 $12.74 $13.12 $14.82 $14.34 $14.83 $14.23 $11.53 $10.75 $16.09 $17.16 $15.70 $15.18 $7.56 $7.01
EBITDA/Share $0.95 $1.08 $0.97 $1.06 $1.07 $1.00 $1.05 $0.93 $0.90 $0.91 $0.79 $0.82 $0.81 $0.85 $0.87 $0.99 $1.15 $1.26 $1.41 $1.44 $1.44
Debt/Share $2.75 $2.85 $2.78 $3.12 $3.13 $4.86 $5.18 $4.60 $4.60 $4.57 $3.19 $2.92 $1.34 $1.32 $0.52 $0.26 $0.26 $0.18 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Net Debt/Share $-15.39 $-17.43 $-11.81 $-9.97 $-8.27 $-5.84 $-8.93 $-8.14 $-8.52 $-10.24 $-11.16 $-11.92 $-12.89 $-10.21 $-10.23 $-15.83 $-16.90 $-15.53 $-15.18 $-7.56 $-7.56
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman-B Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 3.907
Altman Z-Prime snapshot only -4.362
Piotroski F-Score 8 8 9 9 6 4 6 5 6 7 7 5 6 6 7 6 7 8 9 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.67 -2.73 -2.75 -2.76 -2.48 -2.29 -2.30 -2.23 -2.24 -2.32 -2.26 -2.33 -2.37 -2.51 -2.49 -2.47 -2.49 -2.35 -2.54 -2.43 -2.426
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only 3.421
Net-Net WC snapshot only $-78.19
EVA snapshot only $-423100.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A-
Credit Score 72.73 76.69 70.47 73.53 74.21 53.45 59.06 57.43 57.81 60.21 59.30 61.76 56.44 63.39 80.20 79.75 87.52 89.21 70.36 66.37 66.368
Credit Grade snapshot only 7
Credit Trend snapshot only -13.379
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 175.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 61
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 55

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