— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice

SATOF OTC

SATO Corp.
1W: +0.0% 1M: +0.0% 3M: +0.0% YTD: +0.0% 1Y: +0.0% 3Y: +3.2% 5Y: -30.1%
$14.33
Last traded 2026-04-06 — delisted
OTC · Technology · Computer Hardware · $465.2M mcap · 23M float · 0.0002% daily turnover · Short 100% of daily vol

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A
Profitability
31
Balance Sheet
92
Earnings Quality
72
Growth
31
Value
—
Momentum
63
Safety
—
Cash Flow
49

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
7/9
✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.50
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-10.14
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A
Score: 72.3/100
Trend: Stable
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.95x
Accruals: -3.7%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SATOF scores 7/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SATOF's score of -2.50 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SATOF's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SATOF receives an estimated rating of A (score: 72.3/100), with a stable trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SATOF's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
13.28x
PEG
-1.26x
P/S
0.50x
P/B
0.97x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$3282.51
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 13.3x earnings, SATOF trades at a reasonable valuation. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $3282.51 per share, suggesting a potential 22807% margin of safety at the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.640
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.791
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.068
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.128
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.811
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
7.0%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SATOF's ROE of 7.0% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.128), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
11.20%
Fair P/E
30.90x
Intrinsic Value
$5489.36
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SATOF's realized 11.2% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. SATOF trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $5489.36, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 30.9x compares to the current market P/E of 13.3x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$14.33
Median 1Y
$13.23
5th Pctile
$9.81
95th Pctile
$17.85
Ann. Volatility
18.2%
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical
All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
ROE 26.0% 21.1% 7.3% 6.2% 6.1% 8.0% 9.5% 6.5% 6.3% 4.3% 5.8% 5.2% 4.8% 6.5% 6.0% 9.7% 9.4% 9.4% 5.9% 7.0% 7.03%
ROA 13.1% 10.9% 3.9% 3.3% 3.2% 4.3% 5.0% 3.4% 3.4% 2.3% 3.1% 2.8% 2.6% 3.6% 3.2% 5.3% 5.1% 5.2% 3.3% 3.9% 3.88%
ROIC 17.2% 13.4% 11.9% 8.7% 7.3% 9.1% 12.0% 10.4% 11.3% 10.1% 11.1% 12.1% 11.5% 13.3% 11.8% 11.8% 11.8% 10.5% 8.4% 9.7% 9.67%
ROCE 21.4% 22.7% 8.6% 7.9% 8.1% 10.2% 12.7% 10.3% 9.7% 8.0% 7.7% 6.7% 6.8% 8.5% 8.9% 11.7% 11.1% 10.8% 9.1% 10.0% 10.05%
Gross Margin 41.6% 39.9% 39.7% 40.4% 37.5% 40.9% 40.6% 39.5% 40.2% 42.0% 42.1% 40.5% 41.4% 40.4% 41.7% 40.5% 40.5% 39.2% 40.4% 40.6% 40.62%
Operating Margin 5.7% 3.6% 6.1% 5.1% 2.4% 8.0% 8.7% 5.1% 6.4% 6.9% 9.2% 6.4% 7.6% 7.6% 10.2% 6.4% 6.2% 8.2% 5.7% 7.7% 7.69%
Net Margin 3.6% 2.5% 3.4% 2.6% 3.5% 5.5% 5.0% -2.7% 3.8% 1.9% 7.5% -3.4% 3.2% 4.8% 6.4% 4.0% 3.2% 4.7% -0.0% 5.7% 5.69%
EBITDA Margin 9.0% 7.2% 9.6% 8.2% 10.1% 11.6% 12.1% 2.5% 10.0% 7.4% 12.6% 0.9% 10.1% 11.1% 14.2% 8.3% 9.1% 11.6% 9.5% 11.3% 11.30%
FCF Margin 2.7% 1.4% -0.5% -0.4% -1.4% -3.1% -2.3% -1.4% -0.7% 0.8% 2.0% 4.8% 5.7% 6.8% 6.7% 4.4% 4.1% 4.4% 4.5% 3.9% 3.90%
OCF Margin 6.8% 5.4% 2.5% 2.6% 1.8% 1.3% 2.2% 3.6% 5.0% 6.3% 7.2% 8.8% 9.3% 9.4% 10.0% 8.1% 7.3% 7.8% 7.3% 6.7% 6.72%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 6.98%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 6.67%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 3.82%
ROIC 3Y Avg snapshot only 7.02%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 7.14%
Cash ROA snapshot only 7.15%
Cash ROIC snapshot only 14.13%
CROIC snapshot only 8.20%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 4.60%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 5.37%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 33.18%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 0.00%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 13.283
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.500
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.966
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Graham Number snapshot only $3282.51
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.99 2.01 1.96 1.95 1.81 1.88 1.83 1.80 1.93 1.83 1.99 2.00 2.01 2.18 2.11 2.20 2.18 2.30 2.45 2.29 2.295
Quick Ratio 1.60 1.58 1.51 1.46 1.29 1.29 1.25 1.21 1.27 1.20 1.35 1.37 1.35 1.48 1.44 1.50 1.47 1.59 1.68 1.60 1.605
Debt/Equity 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.25 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.24 0.21 0.19 0.24 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.25 0.27 0.24 0.25 0.20 0.27 0.271
Net Debt/Equity -0.36 -0.36 -0.32 -0.22 -0.25 -0.19 -0.17 -0.10 -0.09 -0.09 -0.08 -0.10 -0.11 -0.12 -0.11 -0.09 -0.10 -0.09 -0.13 -0.09 -0.090
Debt/Assets 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.151
Debt/EBITDA 0.51 0.47 0.94 1.48 0.95 0.79 0.70 1.18 1.06 1.15 1.42 1.59 1.41 1.22 1.38 1.23 1.13 1.24 1.11 1.36 1.358
Net Debt/EBITDA -1.07 -1.03 -1.80 -1.33 -1.50 -0.99 -0.74 -0.49 -0.46 -0.55 -0.50 -0.67 -0.74 -0.67 -0.61 -0.39 -0.46 -0.44 -0.71 -0.45 -0.449
Interest Coverage 72.46 94.85 36.73 28.48 29.13 35.25 37.04 31.71 29.18 19.43 22.20 16.86 16.30 19.27 15.02 16.39 13.83 14.03 12.19 16.64 16.642
Equity Multiplier 1.89 1.88 1.91 1.90 1.90 1.86 1.90 1.88 1.86 1.82 1.86 1.86 1.84 1.82 1.85 1.83 1.81 1.76 1.70 1.80 1.798
Cash Ratio snapshot only 0.716
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 25.547
Cash to Debt snapshot only 1.331
FCF to Debt snapshot only 0.275
Defensive Interval snapshot only 430.6 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.09 1.13 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.16 1.13 1.14 1.11 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.128
Inventory Turnover 4.58 4.77 4.69 4.44 3.92 3.76 3.80 3.64 3.25 3.09 3.15 3.12 2.98 3.21 3.21 3.26 3.09 3.33 3.29 3.38 3.378
Receivables Turnover 5.17 5.34 4.87 4.88 5.15 5.30 5.14 5.36 5.45 5.25 5.06 5.21 5.31 5.49 5.34 5.38 5.55 5.44 5.39 5.45 5.451
Payables Turnover 3.72 4.04 3.86 3.88 3.88 4.23 4.14 4.31 4.26 4.47 4.22 4.35 4.45 4.79 4.67 5.06 4.99 5.34 5.83 6.36 6.362
DSO 71 68 75 75 71 69 71 68 67 69 72 70 69 67 68 68 66 67 68 67 67.0 days
DIO 80 77 78 82 93 97 96 100 112 118 116 117 123 114 114 112 118 110 111 108 108.1 days
DPO 98 90 95 94 94 86 88 85 86 82 86 84 82 76 78 72 73 68 63 57 57.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle 52 54 58 63 70 80 79 84 93 106 102 103 109 104 104 108 111 108 116 118 117.6 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 3.733
Operating Cycle snapshot only 175.0 days
Cash Velocity snapshot only 5.308
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.939
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3.6% 10.2% 13.3% 14.4% 11.0% 13.0% 15.2% 14.5% 11.6% 5.3% 0.8% 0.4% 2.8% 5.3% 7.3% 7.9% 5.3% 6.9% 6.4% 8.3% 8.27%
Net Income 6.5% 8.6% -22.6% -70.7% -71.8% -55.2% 38.3% 10.3% 10.0% -43.1% -35.0% -14.8% -19.5% 56.2% 12.3% 1.0% 1.1% 60.5% 10.4% -19.3% -19.35%
EPS 6.5% 8.6% -22.8% -70.8% -71.7% -54.7% 41.6% 14.7% 13.8% -41.6% -33.9% -14.8% -19.5% 56.0% 12.2% 1.0% 1.1% 60.5% 10.4% -19.3% -19.32%
FCF -44.7% -66.2% -1.1% -1.3% -1.6% -3.5% -4.7% -3.6% 47.3% 1.3% 1.9% 4.3% 9.7% 8.1% 2.7% -2.5% -25.5% -30.0% -29.3% -3.0% -3.01%
EBITDA 2.4% 7.4% -11.9% -44.0% -43.3% -36.5% 37.7% 23.3% 15.9% -14.3% -22.0% -15.4% -12.0% 14.4% 21.3% 53.3% 44.1% 32.4% 11.2% 2.8% 2.81%
Op. Income 13.2% 32.8% 21.8% 9.5% -23.0% 3.4% 28.3% 38.1% 84.3% 30.9% 12.6% 17.4% 8.9% 19.2% 23.5% 18.9% 6.8% 8.3% -11.2% -5.0% -5.01%
OCF Growth snapshot only -9.72%
Asset Growth snapshot only 12.63%
Equity Growth snapshot only 14.34%
Debt Growth snapshot only 13.52%
Shares Change snapshot only -0.04%
Dividend Growth snapshot only 52.06%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 0.3% 1.3% 2.0% 2.4% 3.3% 4.7% 6.3% 7.1% 8.7% 9.5% 9.6% 9.6% 8.4% 7.8% 7.6% 7.5% 6.5% 5.9% 4.8% 5.5% 5.48%
Revenue 5Y — — 34.6% 17.7% 9.4% 4.2% 4.6% 4.7% 4.5% 4.3% 4.3% 4.3% 4.8% 5.0% 5.4% 5.9% 6.8% 8.1% 8.5% 9.0% 8.98%
EPS 3Y 45.2% 47.6% 6.1% 0.1% 0.7% 3.3% 7.8% — — — -10.3% -34.2% -36.2% -25.5% 1.6% 25.0% 23.8% 13.5% -6.5% 11.2% 11.20%
EPS 5Y — — 28.6% 17.1% 13.7% 4.8% 8.4% 1.2% -0.3% -3.2% 2.3% -0.4% -1.3% 0.1% -1.5% — — — -2.2% -14.4% -14.36%
Net Income 3Y 45.2% 47.8% 6.3% 0.2% 0.6% 3.0% 7.1% — — — -11.4% -35.0% -37.0% -26.4% 0.3% 23.5% 22.4% 12.6% -6.9% 11.3% 11.29%
Net Income 5Y — — 28.7% 17.2% 13.7% 4.6% 8.0% 0.5% -1.0% -3.8% 1.6% -1.1% -2.0% -0.6% -2.2% — — — -2.9% -14.9% -14.95%
EBITDA 3Y 17.3% 18.6% -5.0% -7.2% -5.0% -1.8% 1.4% 24.7% 31.2% 65.7% -1.8% -16.4% -16.7% -14.6% 9.2% 16.9% 13.7% 9.1% 1.7% 10.1% 10.06%
EBITDA 5Y — — 29.8% 12.8% 6.9% 3.9% 5.1% 2.2% 1.2% -1.9% -1.6% -3.6% -2.7% -1.5% -0.3% 20.3% 23.4% 47.1% 5.0% -1.6% -1.65%
Gross Profit 3Y -0.8% -0.3% -0.2% -0.2% -0.1% 1.7% 3.3% 4.1% 6.5% 7.9% 8.5% 8.9% 8.0% 7.6% 7.9% 8.0% 7.8% 6.6% 5.0% 5.9% 5.91%
Gross Profit 5Y — — 34.3% 16.7% 7.8% 2.6% 3.1% 3.1% 3.1% 3.0% 3.1% 3.1% 3.8% 3.9% 4.2% 4.8% 5.8% 7.1% 7.4% 8.0% 8.04%
Op. Income 3Y 1.4% 0.6% -1.0% -5.9% -10.6% -2.1% 3.5% 5.8% 17.1% 21.6% 20.7% 21.1% 15.6% 17.3% 21.3% 24.4% 28.9% 19.1% 7.3% 9.9% 9.86%
Op. Income 5Y — — 33.0% 13.2% 5.1% 4.3% 6.1% 7.2% 8.2% 6.6% 7.0% 6.2% 7.5% 7.9% 9.1% 10.6% 13.3% 18.3% 14.1% 14.9% 14.93%
FCF 3Y 1.2% -24.0% — — — — — — — -38.8% -11.0% 66.9% 39.9% 83.8% — — — — — — —
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — — — -21.5% -11.7% 6.3% 11.7% 10.8% 8.1% -1.7% 2.4% 8.0% 12.9% 34.5% 34.48%
OCF 3Y 2.0% -12.8% -33.9% -29.4% -35.4% -44.1% -34.3% -22.8% -8.1% 3.3% 6.9% 29.3% 20.2% 29.6% 70.9% 55.7% 70.0% 94.1% 56.6% 29.5% 29.45%
OCF 5Y — — 7.6% -11.2% -18.4% -24.2% -13.0% -3.4% -0.8% -1.6% -0.5% 6.1% 9.8% 7.5% 7.0% 2.1% 4.4% 8.9% 7.0% 14.2% 14.16%
Assets 3Y 2.4% 2.0% 3.2% 3.7% 6.3% 7.0% 3.9% 6.0% 7.8% 8.0% 6.0% 6.6% 7.6% 5.6% 6.9% 5.2% 2.7% 5.0% 6.0% 8.6% 8.61%
Assets 5Y — — 2.3% 2.8% 4.5% 3.9% 2.8% 2.9% 3.8% 3.5% 4.1% 4.2% 5.2% 4.6% 5.2% 6.3% 7.0% 8.5% 6.4% 7.6% 7.57%
Equity 3Y 3.1% 2.5% 3.7% 4.4% 8.1% 8.1% 4.6% 11.0% 12.3% 11.3% 6.3% 6.9% 8.6% 6.8% 8.0% 6.6% 4.2% 6.8% 9.8% 10.2% 10.16%
Book Value 3Y 3.1% 2.3% 3.6% 4.3% 8.2% 8.4% 5.3% 12.4% 13.7% 12.6% 7.5% 8.2% 9.9% 8.1% 9.4% 7.9% 5.4% 7.7% 10.4% 10.1% 10.07%
Dividend 3Y -0.0% -0.1% 0.6% 0.3% -0.0% 0.2% 0.8% 1.4% 1.2% 1.2% 0.6% 0.7% 1.4% 1.3% 2.3% 2.2% 2.1% 16.4% 1.1% 14.9% 14.89%
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.02 0.01 0.68 0.71 0.82 0.54 0.50 0.54 0.65 0.68 0.68 0.69 0.83 0.89 0.91 0.94 0.98 0.98 0.95 0.95 0.954
Earnings Stability 0.19 0.11 0.58 0.12 0.10 0.09 0.53 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.16 0.158
Margin Stability 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.978
Rev. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 0.00 0.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.20 0.20 0.91 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.85 0.96 0.96 0.83 0.86 0.94 0.92 0.50 0.95 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.96 0.92 0.923
Earnings Smoothness — — 0.75 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.68 0.90 0.91 0.45 0.58 0.84 0.78 0.56 0.88 0.33 0.30 0.54 0.90 0.79 0.786
ROE Trend 0.23 0.17 -0.02 -0.03 -0.03 -0.01 0.01 -0.08 -0.08 -0.09 -0.03 -0.01 -0.01 0.00 -0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 -0.00 -0.01 -0.006
Gross Margin Trend -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.03 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.009
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.03 -0.05 -0.04 -0.05 -0.06 -0.04 -0.02 -0.01 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 -0.01 -0.007
Sustainable Growth Rate 21.6% 16.8% 3.3% 2.4% 2.4% 4.4% 5.7% 2.8% 2.9% 0.8% 2.3% 1.8% 1.5% 3.2% 2.7% 6.4% 6.2% 4.8% 2.9% 2.6% 2.58%
Internal Growth Rate 12.2% 9.5% 1.8% 1.3% 1.3% 2.4% 3.1% 1.5% 1.5% 0.5% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 1.8% 1.5% 3.6% 3.5% 2.7% 1.7% 1.4% 1.44%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
OCF/Net Income 0.57 0.56 0.71 0.87 0.59 0.33 0.51 1.24 1.66 3.06 2.65 3.52 3.96 3.06 3.48 1.74 1.59 1.69 2.45 1.95 1.952
FCF/OCF 0.39 0.25 -0.19 -0.14 -0.79 -2.44 -1.07 -0.40 -0.14 0.12 0.27 0.55 0.62 0.72 0.68 0.54 0.55 0.57 0.62 0.58 0.580
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 1.133
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.644
CapEx/Revenue 4.1% 4.0% 3.0% 3.0% 3.2% 4.4% 4.5% 5.1% 5.7% 5.6% 5.3% 3.9% 3.6% 2.6% 3.2% 3.7% 3.3% 3.4% 2.8% 2.8% 2.82%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.776
Accruals Ratio 0.06 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.02 -0.01 -0.02 -0.05 -0.05 -0.07 -0.08 -0.07 -0.08 -0.04 -0.03 -0.04 -0.05 -0.04 -0.037
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.007
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 1.343
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 2.97%
Dividend/Share $70.45 $70.19 $70.31 $70.11 $70.41 $70.92 $72.16 $73.36 $72.78 $72.88 $72.07 $72.11 $73.09 $73.00 $74.15 $74.02 $75.12 $112.34 $75.59 $112.55 $78.00
Payout Ratio 17.1% 20.5% 55.0% 62.3% 60.5% 45.6% 39.9% 56.8% 54.9% 80.2% 60.3% 65.6% 68.5% 51.5% 55.3% 33.6% 34.0% 49.4% 51.1% 63.4% 63.36%
FCF Payout Ratio 76.8% 1.4% — — — — — — — 2.1% 83.9% 33.8% 28.1% 23.3% 23.5% 35.7% 38.8% 51.2% 33.8% 55.9% 55.95%
Total Payout Ratio 17.1% 20.5% 55.0% 62.3% 71.7% 93.4% 81.9% 1.2% 1.0% 81.2% 60.4% 65.6% 68.5% 51.5% 55.3% 33.6% 34.1% 49.4% 51.1% 63.4% 63.38%
Div. Increase Streak 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) 0.90 0.70 0.69 0.64 0.61 0.62 0.66 0.59 0.60 0.53 0.61 0.63 0.58 0.64 0.56 0.61 0.65 0.62 0.56 0.64 0.640
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.99 0.99 0.97 0.96 0.97 0.97 0.91 0.89 0.89 0.85 0.95 0.94 0.94 0.91 0.90 1.02 1.01 1.03 0.87 0.79 0.791
EBIT Margin 0.14 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.068
Asset Turnover 1.09 1.13 1.10 1.09 1.07 1.12 1.18 1.18 1.12 1.12 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.16 1.13 1.14 1.11 1.14 1.13 1.13 1.128
Equity Multiplier 1.99 1.93 1.89 1.89 1.90 1.87 1.91 1.89 1.88 1.84 1.88 1.87 1.85 1.82 1.86 1.84 1.83 1.79 1.78 1.81 1.811
Per Share
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $411.66 $343.04 $127.82 $112.62 $116.43 $155.45 $180.94 $129.18 $132.51 $90.86 $119.52 $110.00 $106.68 $141.75 $134.06 $220.17 $220.69 $227.51 $148.06 $177.63 $177.63
Book Value/Share $1750.64 $1769.51 $1791.27 $1874.90 $2033.37 $2089.17 $1968.19 $2021.66 $2075.22 $2124.07 $2128.09 $2199.93 $2325.50 $2235.26 $2344.21 $2356.96 $2379.25 $2610.82 $2645.81 $2695.92 $2856.85
Tangible Book/Share $1653.52 $1677.56 $1694.22 $1778.25 $1925.14 $1980.86 $1854.97 $1886.68 $1909.50 $1951.54 $1955.38 $2081.41 $2198.03 $2099.15 $2190.13 $2191.87 $2190.32 $2395.34 $2451.78 $2462.37 $2462.37
Revenue/Share $3440.03 $3545.04 $3625.65 $3703.94 $3826.07 $4054.68 $4273.87 $4409.61 $4417.77 $4383.99 $4378.15 $4426.22 $4539.11 $4612.52 $4689.66 $4766.35 $4772.98 $4930.04 $4989.41 $5162.47 $5243.30
FCF/Share $91.79 $48.65 $-16.98 $-13.39 $-54.84 $-125.50 $-99.10 $-63.79 $-29.91 $34.33 $85.89 $213.09 $260.35 $313.28 $315.77 $207.36 $193.74 $219.31 $223.35 $201.18 $268.62
OCF/Share $234.54 $192.18 $90.16 $98.01 $69.04 $51.40 $93.02 $160.24 $220.35 $277.66 $316.30 $387.65 $422.04 $434.27 $466.80 $383.97 $350.45 $385.55 $362.41 $346.76 $419.77
Cash/Share $937.82 $941.43 $881.06 $886.16 $827.35 $716.02 $653.25 $676.86 $616.80 $602.42 $689.22 $773.82 $766.09 $767.36 $860.69 $846.11 $811.36 $901.82 $877.95 $972.66 $979.81
EBITDA/Share $593.37 $626.76 $321.49 $315.71 $337.21 $402.75 $452.87 $404.79 $404.41 $354.43 $358.72 $342.29 $355.59 $404.82 $434.52 $523.44 $511.67 $535.88 $483.32 $538.35 $538.35
Debt/Share $303.02 $296.09 $300.87 $466.94 $320.21 $318.13 $319.21 $479.08 $430.34 $407.32 $508.42 $544.52 $501.57 $495.78 $597.72 $643.77 $577.12 $664.28 $535.38 $731.04 $731.04
Net Debt/Share $-634.80 $-645.34 $-580.19 $-419.21 $-507.14 $-397.88 $-334.03 $-197.78 $-186.46 $-195.10 $-180.80 $-229.29 $-264.51 $-271.58 $-262.97 $-202.35 $-234.24 $-237.55 $-342.56 $-241.62 $-241.62
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 5 6 4 4 5 6 7 7 8 6 6 5 5 6 6 7 6 6 8 7 7
Beneish M-Score -2.03 -2.21 -2.28 -2.38 -2.25 -2.12 -2.18 -2.40 -2.45 -2.60 -2.66 -2.75 -2.81 -2.82 -2.79 -2.65 -2.64 -2.48 -2.70 -2.50 -2.500
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -10.143
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 11.17%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $1103.65
EVA snapshot only $-262551545.28
Credit
Metric Trend Q1'21 Q2'21 Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A
Credit Score 73.99 74.28 68.35 64.85 68.49 68.28 69.01 65.74 65.78 68.13 68.96 70.82 72.43 72.71 72.75 71.87 71.34 72.05 73.30 72.33 72.333
Credit Grade snapshot only 6
Credit Trend snapshot only 0.462
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 150.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 63
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 58

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