— Know what they know.
Not Investment Advice
Also trades as: 639.DE (XETRA) · $vol 0M · SPF.SW (SIX)

SPOT NYSE

Spotify Technology S.A.
1W: -7.3% 1M: -15.5% 3M: -2.1% YTD: -17.8% 1Y: -32.5% 3Y: +207.6% 5Y: +105.4%
$472.89
-18.51 (-3.77%)
 
Weekly Expected Move ±5.3%
$423 $448 $473 $498 $523
NYSE · Communication Services · Internet Content & Information · Tech Score Sell · Power 42 · $97.2B mcap · 151M float · 1.16% daily turnover · Short 59% of daily vol

Analyst Insights

Wall Street analyst consensus based on price targets and buy/sell/hold recommendations from institutional research coverage over the trailing 12 months.

Analyst Price Targets
$530
Low
$573
Avg Target
$660
High
Based on 3 analysts since Aug 4, 2026 earnings
Analyst Recommendations
Strong Buy: 0Buy: 33Hold: 18Sell: 2Strong Sell: 0
Rating Summary
ConsensusBuy
Avg Target$603.33
Analysts6
Price Target Change History
DateFirmAnalystOldNewChangeUpside @ CallStock@Call
2026-10-01 UBS — $530 $660 +130 +35.4% $487.38
2026-08-05 Cantor Fitzgerald Deepak Mathivanan $520 $530 +10 +8.5% $488.40
2026-08-05 UBS — $690 $530 -160 +6.6% $497.11
2026-08-03 Morgan Stanley — $610 $640 +30 +28.1% $499.66
2026-07-10 UBS Batya Levi $735 $690 -45 +42.5% $484.17
2026-07-09 Wells Fargo — $600 $570 -30 +17.5% $485.22
2026-05-26 Cantor Fitzgerald — $525 $520 -5 +0.0% $519.86
2026-05-22 Morgan Stanley Sean Diffley $650 $610 -40 +24.5% $489.93
2026-05-22 Wells Fargo — $710 $600 -110 +22.5% $489.93
2026-05-22 Barclays Kannan Venkateshwar $500 $565 +65 +15.3% $489.93
2026-05-21 Jefferies — $445 $600 +155 +22.5% $489.93
2026-04-30 UBS Batya Levi $600 $735 +135 +66.7% $440.78
2026-04-29 Canaccord Genuity Maria Ripps $750 $720 -30 +65.8% $434.20
2026-04-29 Guggenheim — $600 $565 -35 +30.1% $434.20
2026-04-29 UBS — $720 $600 -120 +38.2% $434.20
2026-04-29 KeyBanc — $745 $680 -65 +56.6% $434.20
2026-04-29 Barclays Kannan Venkateshwar $625 $500 -125 +15.2% $434.20
2026-04-28 UBS — $535 $720 +185 +65.9% $433.95
2026-04-15 KeyBanc — $720 $745 +25 +45.7% $511.36
2026-04-09 Bernstein — $650 $625 -25 +28.4% $486.62
2026-03-26 UBS — $760 $535 -225 +11.9% $478.18
2026-02-24 Guggenheim — $720 $600 -120 +28.3% $467.83
2026-02-11 Pivotal Research Jeffrey Wlodarczak $510 $420 -90 -14.3% $490.00
2026-02-11 UBS — $650 $760 +110 +55.7% $488.19
2026-02-11 Cantor Fitzgerald Deepak Mathivanan $615 $525 -90 +10.3% $476.02
2026-02-11 MoffettNathanson Clay Griffin Initiated $514 — +5.9% $485.39
2026-02-11 Morgan Stanley — $775 $650 -125 +36.5% $476.02
2026-02-11 Guggenheim Michael Morris $750 $720 -30 +51.3% $476.02
2026-02-10 Evercore ISI — $650 $700 +50 +47.0% $476.13
2026-02-10 UBS — $487 $650 +163 +36.4% $476.40
2026-02-10 Canaccord Genuity Maria Ripps $775 $750 -25 +57.4% $476.40
2026-02-09 KeyBanc — $830 $720 -110 +70.4% $422.61
2026-01-27 UBS — $800 $487 -313 -5.0% $512.60
2026-01-20 Barclays — $700 $625 -75 +23.9% $504.50
2026-01-14 Oppenheimer — Initiated $750 — +41.8% $529.03
2026-01-14 Bernstein Ian Moore $830 $650 -180 +21.6% $534.64
2026-01-13 Wells Fargo Steven Cahall $750 $710 -40 +34.0% $530.00
2026-01-09 UBS — $860 $800 -60 +47.0% $544.39
2026-01-08 Guggenheim — $800 $750 -50 +33.6% $561.32
2026-01-08 Cantor Fitzgerald — $675 $615 -60 +8.0% $569.62
2025-12-18 Morgan Stanley Benjamin Swinburne $800 $775 -25 +36.9% $566.23
2025-11-05 Cantor Fitzgerald — $340 $675 +335 +5.3% $641.16
2025-11-05 UBS — $750 $860 +110 +33.8% $642.98
2025-11-05 Barclays — $135 $700 +565 +11.2% $629.60
2025-11-04 Goldman Sachs Eric Sheridan $770 $735 -35 +16.7% $629.60
2025-10-31 UBS — $680 $750 +70 +14.2% $656.68
2025-10-30 Bernstein Ian Moore Initiated $830 — +24.7% $665.67
2025-10-21 Morgan Stanley — $850 $800 -50 +18.4% $675.53
2025-09-30 Goldman Sachs — $430 $770 +340 +5.7% $728.47
2025-09-29 Argus Research — Initiated $845 — +17.9% $716.53

Financial Rating

Composite financial health rating (A+ to F) based on discounted cash flow valuation, return on equity, return on assets, debt-to-equity leverage, and relative P/E and P/B multiples.

B+
Oct 02, 2026
DCF
3
ROE
5
ROA
5
D/E
3
P/E
1
P/B
1
The Financial Rating evaluates six fundamental factors — discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation, return on equity (ROE), return on assets (ROA), debt-to-equity leverage (D/E), and relative price-to-earnings (P/E) and price-to-book (P/B) multiples — each scored 1–5. SPOT receives an overall rating of B+. Strongest factors: ROE (5/5), ROA (5/5). Areas of concern: P/E (1/5), P/B (1/5).
Rating Change History
DateFromTo
2026-04-29 B B+
2026-04-01 B+ B
2026-02-24 B B+
2026-02-17 B+ B
2026-02-12 B B+

InsiderStreet Scorecard

Proprietary multi-factor scorecard rating companies across seven fundamental dimensions — profitability, balance sheet strength, earnings quality, growth, value, momentum, and safety — each scored 0–100.

★ ★ ★ ★ ★ — Grade A+
Profitability
67
Balance Sheet
93
Earnings Quality
88
Growth
68
Value
—
Momentum
83
Safety
—
Cash Flow
76

Risk & Quality Signals

Academic financial models used by institutional investors to assess bankruptcy risk, earnings manipulation, financial strength, and credit quality.

Altman Z-Score
—
—
Piotroski F-Score
8/9
✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✗ ✓ ✓
Beneish M-Score
-2.53
Unlikely Manipulator
Ohlson O-Score
-11.04
Bankruptcy prob: 0.0%
Low Risk
Credit Rating
A+
Score: 79.4/100
Trend: Improving
Earnings Quality
100/100
OCF/NI: 1.00x
Accruals: -0.1%
The Piotroski F-Score (2000) is a 9-point binary checklist — four profitability tests (positive ROA, positive cash flow, improving ROA, cash flow exceeding net income), three leverage tests (declining debt ratio, improving current ratio, no share dilution), and two efficiency tests (improving gross margin, improving asset turnover). Each pass scores 1 point. SPOT scores 8/9, signaling strong financial health across all three dimensions. The Beneish M-Score (1999) is an 8-variable model that detects earnings manipulation by comparing year-over-year changes in receivables, gross margins, asset quality, sales growth, depreciation, SG&A, leverage, and accruals. Scores above −1.78 statistically resemble past manipulators. SPOT's score of -2.53 falls below this threshold, suggesting earnings are unlikely to be manipulated. The Ohlson O-Score (1980) is a 9-variable logistic regression that estimates bankruptcy probability using firm size, leverage, working capital, current ratio, profitability (ROA), cash flow coverage, negative equity flag, consecutive losses flag, and earnings trajectory. The raw score is converted to a probability via logistic transformation. SPOT's implied 0.0% bankruptcy probability is well within safe territory. Our Credit Rating model scores companies on five weighted components — solvency (30%), earning power (25%), leverage (20%), liquidity (15%), and cash flow quality (10%) — then blends the absolute score with sector and industry peer rankings. For companies with large buyback programs, equity is adjusted by adding back cumulative 5-year repurchases (capped at 80% of FCF generated) to avoid penalizing shareholder-friendly capital allocation. SPOT receives an estimated rating of A+ (score: 79.4/100), with a improving trend. The Earnings Quality score measures how well reported earnings are backed by real cash. It evaluates the operating cash flow to net income ratio (OCF/NI ≥ 1.0 means every dollar of earnings is cash-backed) and the accruals ratio (the gap between earnings and cash flow relative to assets — lower is better). SPOT's score of 100/100 is high — cash flows strongly support reported earnings.

Valuation

Key valuation multiples comparing the stock's market price to its earnings, revenue, book value, and cash flows. Lower multiples may indicate relative undervaluation versus peers.

P/E
25.80x
PEG
0.08x
P/S
4.77x
P/B
10.31x
P/FCF
—
P/OCF
—
EV/EBITDA
—
EV/Revenue
—
EV/EBIT
—
EV/FCF
—
Earnings Yield
—
FCF Yield
—
Shareholder Yield
—
Graham Number
$120.17
Equity-based multiples (P/E, P/B, P/FCF) compare the stock price to per-share fundamentals and are affected by capital structure. Enterprise value multiples (EV/EBITDA, EV/Revenue, EV/FCF) strip out debt and cash, making them more useful for cross-company comparisons regardless of how companies are financed. The Graham Number — √(22.5 × EPS × Book Value) — is Benjamin Graham's formula for the maximum price a defensive investor should pay. At 25.8x earnings, SPOT commands a growth premium. Graham's intrinsic value formula yields $120.17 per share, 294% below the current price.

DuPont Decomposition (5-Factor)

The 5-factor DuPont framework breaks Return on Equity into its component drivers — tax efficiency, interest burden, operating profitability, asset utilization, and financial leverage — to reveal what truly drives shareholder returns.

Tax Burden
0.953
NI / EBT
×
Interest Burden
0.992
EBT / EBIT
×
EBIT Margin
0.195
EBIT / Rev
×
Asset Turnover
1.330
Rev / Assets
×
Equity Multiplier
1.813
Assets / Equity
=
ROE
44.4%
The 5-factor DuPont identity decomposes ROE as: Tax Burden × Interest Burden × EBIT Margin × Asset Turnover × Equity Multiplier = ROE. This reveals whether returns are driven by operating performance, financial leverage, or tax efficiency — three very different sources of profitability. SPOT's ROE of 44.4% is driven by Asset Turnover (1.330), indicating efficient use of assets to generate revenue. A tax burden ratio of 0.95 indicates minimal tax leakage — the company retains over 90% of pre-tax earnings.

Graham-Dodd Adjusted Valuation

Our adaptation of Graham's growth formula (Fair P/E = 8.5 + 2g) from The Intelligent Investor. The classic version relies on analyst growth projections, which can be unreliable. This adjusted model substitutes the company's realized 3-year EPS CAGR — a backward-looking, verifiable measure of actual earnings power — grounding the valuation in demonstrated performance rather than forecasts.

Two adjustments we make, and why. Growth is capped at 15%. Graham defined g as expected growth over the next seven to ten years, not last year's rate. Across US companies since 1994 the median realized 7-year EPS growth is 5–8% regardless of how fast a company grew beforehand, and of 4,457 company-quarters that grew faster than 200%, none sustained it. Uncapped, the formula assigned fair multiples in the hundreds to companies that had never held that rate — and scored worse than simply reading the P/E. Capped, it carries real information. The verdict has three states, not two. Tested over 377,249 stock-months, this ratio only separates outcomes at its extremes: below 0.25 beat the universe by 1.3 points a year, above 3.0 lagged by 2.7, and everything in between sat inside a one-point band. Rather than call two-thirds of the market "undervalued" on a threshold of 1.0, we say Neutral where the model cannot tell — which is most of the time.

Adj. Growth Rate
15.00%
Fair P/E
38.50x
Intrinsic Value
$615.50
Price/Value
—
Margin of Safety
—
Premium
—
Graham's classic formula uses analyst-projected growth to estimate a fair P/E (8.5 + 2g). Our adjusted version replaces that projection with SPOT's realized 15.0% 3-year EPS CAGR, capped at 15% — demonstrated performance rather than forecasts, held to a rate companies have historically sustained. SPOT trades at a premium to its adjusted intrinsic value of $615.50, suggesting the market is pricing in future growth beyond what historical earnings support. The adjusted fair P/E of 38.5x compares to the current market P/E of 25.8x.

Profitability Trends

Historical profitability ratios tracking how efficiently the company converts revenue into returns for shareholders over time.

Leverage & Solvency Trends

Debt and liquidity metrics showing the company's financial leverage and ability to meet short-term and long-term obligations.

Efficiency & Working Capital Trends

Operating efficiency metrics measuring how quickly the company converts inventory to sales, collects receivables, and manages its cash conversion cycle.

Growth Trends (YoY %)

Year-over-year growth rates for key financial metrics, showing the trajectory of revenue, earnings, and cash flow generation.

Earnings Stability

R-squared of linear regression measuring how predictably revenue, earnings, and margins follow a trend over the trailing 5 years. 1.0 = perfectly predictable; lower values indicate erratic or cyclical behavior.

Monte Carlo Price Simulation

Geometric Brownian Motion with 1,000 antithetic paths over 1 year, seeded from 1800 days of historical volatility. Percentile bands show the range of statistically plausible outcomes — this is a statistical model, not a forecast.

Current Price
$472.86
Median 1Y
$493.93
5th Pctile
$228.57
95th Pctile
$1078.01
Ann. Volatility
48.3%
Analyst Target
$603.33
25th–75th percentile 5th–95th percentile Median path Historical Analyst target

Workforce & Productivity

Workforce efficiency metrics measuring revenue, profit, and R&D spend per employee — key indicators of operational leverage and human capital productivity.

Employees
7,287
-5.2% YoY
Revenue / Employee
$2,358,447
Rev: $17,186,000,000
Profit / Employee
$303,554
NI: $2,212,000,000
SGA / Employee
$261,424
Avg labor cost proxy
R&D / Employee
$191,162
Innovation spend

Scaling Efficiency

All Ratios & Metrics

Complete fundamental data with up to 20 periods of history, sparkline trends, and current values across 13 categories and 130+ financial metrics.

Profitability
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
ROE -5.2% -1.4% 2.7% -1.2% -9.1% -19.1% -35.0% -44.2% -33.4% -21.7% -3.9% 14.8% 20.7% 28.2% 24.4% 14.8% 22.6% 31.9% 38.0% 44.4% 44.45%
ROA -1.9% -0.5% 1.0% -0.4% -2.7% -5.8% -10.8% -13.1% -9.6% -6.7% -1.3% 5.3% 7.7% 11.2% 10.7% 6.8% 11.1% 16.4% 21.0% 24.5% 24.52%
ROIC -7.0% -3.2% 5.0% 4.1% -92.1% -71.5% -1.1% -2.1% -3.1% -70.2% -23.9% 72.1% 2.4% 14.9% 3.1% 1.8% 1.7% 1.8% -8.8% -4.7% -4.71%
ROCE 5.7% 7.6% 9.4% 6.7% -0.9% -7.6% -16.6% -21.9% -15.6% -10.7% -1.5% 7.1% 11.8% 18.2% 22.8% 18.2% 20.5% 25.3% 33.9% 40.0% 40.02%
Gross Margin 26.7% 26.5% 25.2% 24.6% 24.7% 25.3% 25.2% 24.1% 26.4% 26.7% 27.6% 29.2% 31.1% 32.2% 31.6% 31.5% 31.6% 33.1% 33.0% 33.4% 33.41%
Operating Margin 3.0% -0.3% -0.2% -6.8% -7.5% -7.3% -5.1% -7.8% 1.0% -2.0% 4.6% 7.0% 11.4% 11.2% 12.1% 9.7% 13.6% 15.5% 15.8% 13.7% 13.71%
Net Margin 0.1% -1.5% 4.9% -4.4% -5.5% -8.5% -7.4% -9.5% 1.9% -1.9% 5.4% 7.2% 7.5% 8.7% 5.4% -2.1% 21.0% 25.9% 15.9% 11.4% 11.41%
EBITDA Margin 8.2% 1.7% 7.6% -1.4% -2.9% -6.8% -5.0% -5.9% 3.5% -2.1% 5.9% 8.1% 11.0% 12.7% 8.7% 2.0% 20.1% 23.2% 21.4% 15.8% 15.85%
FCF Margin 2.7% 2.9% 2.6% 2.4% 1.8% 0.2% 0.4% 0.2% 1.6% 5.1% 5.9% 9.0% 11.9% 14.6% 16.1% 17.0% 17.3% 16.7% 18.2% 18.1% 18.11%
OCF Margin 3.8% 3.7% 3.3% 3.0% 2.1% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 1.7% 5.1% 6.0% 9.1% 12.0% 14.7% 16.2% 17.1% 17.5% 17.1% 18.5% 18.5% 18.50%
ROE 3Y Avg snapshot only 20.97%
ROE 5Y Avg snapshot only 2.94%
ROA 3Y Avg snapshot only 11.62%
ROIC Economic snapshot only 29.77%
Cash ROA snapshot only 24.37%
NOPAT Margin snapshot only 13.95%
Pretax Margin snapshot only 19.35%
R&D / Revenue snapshot only 7.36%
SGA / Revenue snapshot only 10.79%
SBC / Revenue snapshot only 1.20%
Valuation
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
P/E Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 25.803
P/S Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 4.768
P/B Ratio — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 10.310
P/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
P/OCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBITDA — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/Revenue — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/EBIT — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
EV/FCF — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Earnings Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
FCF Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
PEG Ratio snapshot only 0.083
Graham Number snapshot only $120.17
Leverage & Solvency
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Current Ratio 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.36 1.31 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.27 1.29 1.42 1.56 1.71 1.88 1.48 1.47 1.61 1.72 2.06 2.11 2.112
Quick Ratio 1.31 1.36 1.40 1.36 1.31 1.24 1.24 1.22 1.27 1.29 1.42 1.56 1.71 1.88 1.48 1.47 1.61 1.72 2.06 2.11 2.112
Debt/Equity 0.83 0.84 0.81 0.75 0.81 0.70 0.73 0.82 0.81 0.67 0.53 0.42 0.39 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.29 0.28 0.06 0.06 0.056
Net Debt/Equity -0.67 -0.81 -0.84 -0.80 -0.83 -0.69 -0.74 -0.84 -0.93 -1.00 -0.88 -0.85 -0.93 -0.99 -0.93 -0.90 -0.88 -0.86 -1.03 -1.06 -1.064
Debt/Assets 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.20 0.19 0.18 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.04 0.03 0.034
Debt/EBITDA 5.08 4.18 3.47 4.16 15.21 -11.84 -3.44 -2.63 -3.99 -5.71 26.05 3.18 2.02 1.34 1.27 1.68 1.22 0.99 0.16 0.13 0.128
Net Debt/EBITDA -4.09 -4.04 -3.61 -4.47 -15.69 11.73 3.50 2.69 4.58 8.48 -42.98 -6.38 -4.86 -3.64 -3.52 -4.21 -3.71 -3.03 -2.79 -2.45 -2.452
Interest Coverage 1.54 5.88 7.22 5.29 -0.67 -7.61 -16.41 -20.10 -15.62 -12.00 -2.08 12.03 21.06 38.25 43.71 38.44 52.58 72.74 95.43 103.97 103.971
Equity Multiplier 3.30 3.38 3.28 3.21 3.42 3.18 3.21 3.56 3.55 3.31 2.74 2.38 2.28 2.17 2.03 2.03 1.89 1.80 1.64 1.64 1.640
Cash Ratio snapshot only 1.910
Debt Service Coverage snapshot only 107.029
Cash to Debt snapshot only 20.146
FCF to Debt snapshot only 7.040
Defensive Interval snapshot only 1139.0 days
Efficiency & Turnover
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Asset Turnover 1.44 1.43 1.35 1.44 1.54 1.59 1.66 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.54 1.49 1.41 1.34 1.27 1.36 1.33 1.330
Inventory Turnover — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Receivables Turnover 26.95 25.55 29.07 27.53 25.78 25.05 32.22 29.10 25.96 24.04 30.01 29.79 28.58 27.39 29.73 31.52 32.15 25.62 35.31 34.40 34.402
Payables Turnover 14.09 14.61 16.77 14.99 13.75 15.73 17.43 15.55 14.06 15.79 15.58 15.29 15.43 13.71 15.86 14.62 14.98 10.99 15.69 14.38 14.383
DSO 14 14 13 13 14 15 11 13 14 15 12 12 13 13 12 12 11 14 10 11 10.6 days
DIO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.0 days
DPO 26 25 22 24 27 23 21 23 26 23 23 24 24 27 23 25 24 33 23 25 25.4 days
Cash Conversion Cycle -12 -11 -9 -11 -12 -9 -10 -11 -12 -8 -11 -12 -11 -13 -11 -13 -13 -19 -13 -15 -14.8 days
Fixed Asset Turnover snapshot only 43.333
Cash Velocity snapshot only 1.929
Capital Intensity snapshot only 0.759
Growth (YoY)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 20.9% 22.7% 24.5% 24.3% 23.0% 21.3% 18.9% 15.9% 13.3% 13.0% 14.3% 16.5% 18.5% 18.3% 17.2% 14.8% 11.9% 9.7% 8.0% 9.0% 9.03%
Net Income 82.0% 94.1% 1.1% 86.1% -65.8% -11.6% -11.6% -30.1% -2.7% -23.7% 86.0% 1.5% 2.0% 3.1% 11.6% 73.0% 1.0% 94.4% 1.3% 3.1% 3.14%
EPS 82.5% 94.2% 1.1% 86.2% -64.6% -11.6% -11.8% -30.3% -2.6% -21.3% 86.7% 1.5% 1.9% 3.0% 11.3% 73.5% 94.4% 91.2% 1.3% 3.1% 3.07%
FCF -12.5% 52.5% 7.8% 4.0% -18.8% -92.4% -80.5% -89.3% 2.0% 31.1% 15.1% 45.5% 7.9% 2.4% 2.2% 1.2% 61.7% 25.7% 21.9% 16.3% 16.34%
EBITDA 1.5% 1.9% 2.2% 5.7% -65.5% -1.3% -2.0% -2.6% -4.7% -1.1% 1.1% 1.9% 3.0% 6.0% 23.2% 1.5% 1.1% 57.3% 80.0% 1.6% 1.56%
Op. Income 1.1% 1.3% 1.3% -59.0% -14.6% -8.0% -11.9% -5.5% -38.4% 32.3% 84.9% 1.5% 2.4% 4.1% 15.0% 3.7% 1.4% 61.0% 40.9% 43.7% 43.72%
OCF Growth snapshot only 17.74%
Asset Growth snapshot only 1.90%
Equity Growth snapshot only 26.28%
Debt Growth snapshot only -80.48%
Shares Change snapshot only 1.67%
Growth (CAGR)
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue 3Y 51.6% 32.9% 21.8% 21.2% 20.7% 20.1% 19.5% 19.3% 19.0% 18.9% 19.2% 18.8% 18.2% 17.5% 16.8% 15.7% 14.5% 13.6% 13.1% 13.4% 13.40%
Revenue 5Y — — — — — — — 57.7% 37.2% 26.3% 19.7% 19.2% 18.7% 18.3% 18.0% 17.8% 17.4% 16.9% 16.5% 16.0% 16.01%
EPS 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.5% — — — — — —
EPS 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 8.8% 6.5% — — — — — — — —
Net Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.5% — — — — — —
Net Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 11.8% 8.6% — — — — — — — —
EBITDA 3Y — 54.8% — 7.4% -42.5% — — — — — — 1.1% 36.8% 51.9% 48.6% 50.9% 1.5% — — — —
EBITDA 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 11.1% 7.2% — 1.6% — — — — 1.3% 1.26%
Gross Profit 3Y 54.1% 34.3% 23.4% 21.2% 19.9% 19.3% 18.4% 18.2% 18.9% 19.0% 20.2% 20.5% 20.9% 22.2% 23.0% 24.0% 23.7% 23.4% 23.3% 24.4% 24.44%
Gross Profit 5Y — — — — — — — 56.4% 36.8% 26.0% 20.3% 20.8% 21.4% 22.4% 22.6% 23.0% 22.9% 22.2% 22.1% 21.2% 21.16%
Op. Income 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — 1.9% 1.4% 1.8% — — — — — —
Op. Income 5Y — — — — — — — — — — — 59.4% 52.7% — — — — — — — —
FCF 3Y 63.6% 25.1% -5.8% -8.1% -17.3% -63.7% -40.7% -49.7% -10.2% 55.0% 50.2% 72.9% 94.5% 1.0% 1.2% 1.2% 1.4% 4.2% 3.0% 3.9% 3.89%
FCF 5Y — — — — — — — 2.3% 29.4% 36.7% 21.3% 31.0% 38.6% 39.1% 60.5% 66.6% 59.8% 73.8% 67.3% 67.1% 67.08%
OCF 3Y 46.9% 11.6% -10.8% -15.6% -23.3% -56.9% -42.4% -48.3% -15.7% 38.0% 35.7% 55.6% 73.3% 85.4% 99.1% 1.1% 1.3% 3.0% 2.6% 3.3% 3.30%
OCF 5Y — — — — — — — 7.0% 14.1% 21.2% 12.1% 19.9% 28.4% 32.1% 49.2% 56.4% 52.8% 62.5% 57.7% 57.3% 57.29%
Assets 3Y 19.2% 18.3% 8.2% 12.9% 15.1% 14.4% 14.1% 9.8% 9.8% 9.9% 4.3% 10.7% 14.8% 18.6% 21.4% 22.3% 24.4% 25.6% 20.4% 23.4% 23.41%
Assets 5Y — — — — — — — 16.7% 13.1% 14.1% 10.3% 14.6% 16.0% 18.8% 20.1% 19.6% 20.7% 18.9% 10.3% 13.0% 12.95%
Equity 3Y 10.0% 0.5% -4.3% 5.7% 5.0% 5.7% 4.8% -1.0% -4.5% -3.3% 0.9% 16.4% 29.9% 37.5% 42.4% 42.4% 51.6% 51.8% 50.7% 59.8% 59.80%
Book Value 3Y 8.8% 0.2% -7.0% 2.8% 3.6% 3.8% 3.4% -2.4% -5.9% -4.5% -1.1% 14.1% 27.1% 33.7% 39.4% 40.2% 47.3% 47.1% 46.8% 56.0% 56.03%
Dividend 3Y — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Growth Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Revenue Stability 0.93 0.97 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.99 1.00 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 0.998
Earnings Stability 0.01 0.12 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.32 0.22 0.17 0.41 0.09 0.01 0.01 0.28 0.27 0.34 0.62 0.67 0.68 0.61 0.610
Margin Stability 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.97 0.97 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.91 0.90 0.89 0.88 0.88 0.88 0.880
Rev. Growth Consistency 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
Earn. Growth Consistency 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.000
FCF Positive Streak 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Earnings Persistence 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.91 0.50 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.50 0.500
Earnings Smoothness — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.47 0.33 0.36 0.20 0.00 0.000
ROE Trend -0.04 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.07 -0.07 -0.27 -0.42 -0.27 -0.11 0.12 0.35 0.37 0.40 0.37 0.30 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.28 0.283
Gross Margin Trend 0.01 0.01 0.01 -0.00 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.032
FCF Margin Trend -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 -0.01 -0.01 -0.02 -0.02 -0.02 -0.01 0.04 0.04 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.10 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.051
Sustainable Growth Rate — — 2.7% — — — — — — — — 14.8% 20.7% 28.2% 24.4% 14.8% 22.6% 31.9% 38.0% 44.4% 44.45%
Internal Growth Rate — — 1.0% — — — — — — — — 5.6% 8.4% 12.6% 12.0% 7.3% 12.5% 19.6% 26.6% 32.5% 32.48%
Cash Flow Quality
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
OCF/Net Income -2.91 -10.62 4.50 -10.26 -1.18 -0.11 -0.09 -0.04 -0.29 -1.28 -7.56 2.81 2.59 2.02 2.25 3.53 2.11 1.33 1.20 1.00 1.004
FCF/OCF 0.70 0.76 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.46 0.75 0.67 0.95 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.979
FCF/Net Income snapshot only 0.983
OCF/EBITDA snapshot only 0.921
CapEx/Revenue 1.1% 0.9% 0.7% 0.5% 0.3% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.2% 0.3% 0.4% 0.3% 0.4% 0.39%
CapEx/Depreciation snapshot only 0.674
Accruals Ratio -0.07 -0.06 -0.03 -0.05 -0.06 -0.06 -0.12 -0.14 -0.12 -0.15 -0.11 -0.10 -0.12 -0.11 -0.13 -0.17 -0.12 -0.05 -0.04 -0.00 -0.001
Sloan Accruals snapshot only 0.174
Cash Flow Adequacy snapshot only 47.812
Earnings Quality Score snapshot only 1.000
Dividends & Buybacks
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Dividend Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — 0.00%
Dividend/Share $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00 $0.00
Payout Ratio — — 0.0% — — — — — — — — 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
FCF Payout Ratio 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.00%
Total Payout Ratio — — 1.9% — — — — — — — — 20.6% 15.8% 11.9% 14.2% 3.3% 0.6% 14.9% 21.6% 27.7% 27.67%
Div. Increase Streak — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Chowder Number — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Net Buyback Yield — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Total Shareholder Return — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
DuPont Factors
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Tax Burden (NI/EBT) -1.54 -0.14 0.23 -0.14 2.29 1.16 1.08 1.09 1.10 1.05 0.88 1.21 0.99 0.85 0.78 0.63 0.83 0.99 0.96 0.95 0.953
Interest Burden (EBT/EBIT) 0.35 0.83 0.86 0.81 2.49 1.19 1.09 1.07 1.09 1.11 1.62 0.89 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.992
EBIT Margin 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 -0.00 -0.03 -0.06 -0.07 -0.05 -0.03 -0.01 0.03 0.05 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.16 0.20 0.195
Asset Turnover 1.44 1.43 1.35 1.44 1.54 1.59 1.66 1.69 1.67 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.66 1.54 1.49 1.41 1.34 1.27 1.36 1.33 1.330
Equity Multiplier 2.78 2.74 2.80 2.97 3.36 3.28 3.25 3.38 3.48 3.25 2.94 2.77 2.68 2.53 2.28 2.17 2.03 1.95 1.81 1.81 1.813
Per Share
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
EPS (Diluted TTM) $-0.62 $-0.18 $0.38 $-0.16 $-1.02 $-2.22 $-4.06 $-4.95 $-3.70 $-2.70 $-0.54 $2.26 $3.38 $5.44 $5.55 $3.92 $6.57 $10.41 $12.94 $15.99 $15.99
Book Value/Share $10.86 $11.06 $10.95 $11.74 $11.43 $12.32 $12.09 $10.57 $10.85 $12.85 $16.32 $20.63 $22.32 $26.43 $29.65 $32.32 $36.50 $39.18 $38.27 $40.15 $40.75
Tangible Book/Share $5.94 $5.93 $5.41 $5.43 $4.19 $5.67 $5.53 $4.12 $4.37 $6.63 $10.23 $14.65 $16.61 $20.46 $23.96 $26.91 $31.29 $33.89 $32.83 $34.66 $34.66
Revenue/Share $47.02 $50.32 $51.67 $54.71 $57.40 $60.67 $62.55 $63.89 $64.35 $67.19 $67.92 $70.21 $72.82 $74.99 $77.18 $80.87 $79.04 $80.88 $83.76 $86.72 $88.02
FCF/Share $1.26 $1.44 $1.33 $1.34 $1.02 $0.11 $0.26 $0.14 $1.03 $3.42 $4.04 $6.32 $8.69 $10.93 $12.42 $13.73 $13.63 $13.52 $15.21 $15.71 $15.94
OCF/Share $1.79 $1.88 $1.69 $1.62 $1.20 $0.24 $0.35 $0.22 $1.08 $3.45 $4.08 $6.36 $8.75 $11.01 $12.50 $13.85 $13.85 $13.80 $15.50 $16.04 $16.28
Cash/Share $16.27 $18.27 $18.04 $18.20 $18.76 $17.19 $17.74 $17.58 $18.84 $21.46 $23.04 $26.15 $29.29 $35.63 $37.56 $40.70 $42.52 $44.53 $41.79 $44.95 $45.62
EBITDA/Share $1.77 $2.22 $2.55 $2.11 $0.61 $-0.73 $-2.56 $-3.30 $-2.20 $-1.51 $0.33 $2.74 $4.26 $7.17 $7.83 $6.91 $8.62 $11.09 $14.16 $17.42 $17.42
Debt/Share $9.01 $9.30 $8.84 $8.77 $9.24 $8.64 $8.78 $8.69 $8.77 $8.64 $8.69 $8.70 $8.60 $9.57 $9.98 $11.62 $10.54 $10.93 $2.27 $2.23 $2.23
Net Debt/Share $-7.25 $-8.97 $-9.20 $-9.43 $-9.52 $-8.55 $-8.96 $-8.89 $-10.07 $-12.82 $-14.34 $-17.46 $-20.69 $-26.06 $-27.58 $-29.08 $-31.98 $-33.60 $-39.52 $-42.72 $-42.72
Academic Models
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Altman Z-Score — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
Piotroski F-Score 6 5 6 6 4 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 9 8 8
Beneish M-Score -2.77 -2.57 -2.62 -2.66 -2.71 -2.58 -2.88 -2.99 -2.88 -2.92 -2.56 -2.61 -2.89 -2.99 -3.03 -3.16 -2.81 -2.50 -2.74 -2.53 -2.529
Ohlson O-Score snapshot only -11.038
ROIC (Greenblatt) snapshot only 60.12%
Net-Net WC snapshot only $24.00
Credit
Metric Trend Q3'21 Q4'21 Q1'22 Q2'22 Q3'22 Q4'22 Q1'23 Q2'23 Q3'23 Q4'23 Q1'24 Q2'24 Q3'24 Q4'24 Q1'25 Q2'25 Q3'25 Q4'25 Q1'26 Q2'26 Current
Credit Rating snapshot only A+
Credit Score 42.89 54.16 59.02 55.45 34.52 41.27 40.63 40.63 43.19 47.52 39.83 70.64 74.15 76.35 75.73 76.13 76.20 78.04 79.28 79.45 79.450
Credit Grade snapshot only 5
Credit Trend snapshot only 3.323
Implied Spread (bps) snapshot only 125.000
Industry Credit Rank snapshot only 69
Sector Credit Rank snapshot only 76

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For informational purposes only. Not investment advice. Data sourced from SEC filings. Privacy Terms